scholarly journals New Seed-Collection Zones for the Eastern United States: The Eastern Seed Zone Forum

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-451
Author(s):  
Carolyn Pike ◽  
Kevin M Potter ◽  
Paul Berrang ◽  
Barbara Crane ◽  
Joanne Baggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
General Guideline ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Plant Hardiness ◽  
Single Set ◽  
Forest Managers

Abstract Abstract Reforestation and restoration efforts have traditionally relied on “local” seed sources as planting stock. The term “local” has different meanings in different locales, since no single set of seed-collection zones has yet been widely adopted across the eastern United States. Given concerns about mitigating the effects of climate change, forest managers are increasingly seeking to move seed sources in a process called assisted migration, which would be facilitated if a common set of seed-collection zones were available. We developed a map of 245 seed-collection zones for 37 states by combining two ecologically important layers: plant hardiness zones and ecoregions. These new seed-collection zones should be used by seed collectors and nurseries to describe the origin of seed for plants and trees in the eastern United States. Common garden studies remain the gold standard for determining how far to move seed from any particular seed-collection zone. For species that have not been field-tested, seed movement that is limited either within a seed-collection zone or between adjacent seed-collection zones is a reasonable general guideline.

scholarly journals Rowcovers Improve Winter Survival and Production of Western Trailing ‘Siskiyou’ Blackberry in the Eastern United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiomi Takeda ◽  
Kathy Demchak ◽  
Michele R. Warmund ◽  
David T. Handley ◽  
Rebecca Grube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Plant Hardiness

Winter injury has limited the expansion of commercial blackberry (Genus Rubus, subgenus Rubus) production into more northern latitudes in central and eastern United States. Rowcover (RC) was applied over trailing ‘Boysenberry’ and ‘Siskiyou’ and erect, thornless ‘Triple Crown’ and ‘Apache’ blackberries at Kearneysville, WV (lat. 39.5°N, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 6b) from 2004 to 2007. The daily minimum temperatures under RC were as much as 5 °F to 10 °F higher at nights after sunny days, but were similar during nights after overcast days. On sunny days, daily maximum temperatures under RC were as much as 28 °F higher than in the open. Under RC, humidity rose more quickly and remained higher during the day than in the open, but was slightly lower at night. Mean vapor pressure deficit in late December, January, February, and early March was 100 to 250 kPa higher under RC than in the open. RC treatment significantly reduced winter injury and increased yield in ‘Siskiyou’ blackberry plants. The winter protection techniques described here would provide substantial benefits for growing blackberries in more northern areas where winter injury frequently causes crop failure.

scholarly journals Potential of Alternative Tsuga spp. as Landscape Replacements for T. canadensis: Longer-Term Evaluation and Propagation of T. chinensis.

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Harper ◽  
Paul Weston
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Plant Hardiness

Seven species of hemlock (Tsuga spp.)—four from North America and three from Asia—were evaluated in replicated plots in Katonah, New York, United States (USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 6b) as potential replacements for eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), which is gradually being extirpated from landscapes in the eastern United States. by the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). Trends reported in an earlier study (Weston and Harper 2009) continued but were exaggerated after an additional three years of observation. For example, Chinese hemlock (T. chinensis) continued to show the greatest potential as a replacement for T. canadensis as mortality was very low, overall plant health was exceptional, and tolerance to A. tsugae was robust. Early indicators suggest that T. chinensis may also be readily propagated from hardwood cuttings under appropriate greenhouse conditions. These characteristics suggest that T. chinensis may indeed become a viable replacement for T. canadensis, and a valuable addition to landscapes in the eastern U.S.

Provenance variation among different populations of Pinusstrobus from Canada and the United States

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Genys
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Old Trees

Eastern white pine (Pinusstrobus L.), represented by 117 seed sources from different parts of its range in Canada and the United States, was studied for 2 years in a nursery and 14 years at two plantations in Maryland. In the Piedmont Plateau, these populations ranged in survival from 38 to 100%, in height from 3.0 to 8.2 m, and in diameter from 4.3 to 16.8 cm. In the Coastal Plain, they varied in survival from 25 to 100%, in height from 3.0 to 7.8 m, and in diameter from 3.6 to 15.5 cm. Heights and diameters were strongly correlated; both these characteristics were correlated inversely with the latitude (r ranged from −0.38 to −0.67) and directly with the altitude of the seed source (r = 0.22 to 0.31). The latter correlation, however, included a latitudinal component because most high-elevation trees came from the south. Heights in Maryland at 16 years were significantly correlated with heights of similar populations at younger ages studied in 10 other plantations in the eastern United States (r = 0.32 to 0.73) and to the date of bud set by 1-year-old trees (r = 0.23 to 0.51). The most outstanding in growth rate were some sources from Tennessee, Kentucky, and North Carolina. Also, among the northern sources two populations from Norfolk County, Ontario, were distinctly superior.

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