Relative Toxicity and Residual Activity of Nanocapsules and Commercial Formulations of Pirimicarb and Pymetrozine Against Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2670-2675
Author(s):  
Nariman Maroofpour ◽  
Mir Jalil Hejazi ◽  
Hamed Hamishehkar ◽  
Shahzad Iranipour
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Pesticide Load

Abstract The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is one of the most common pest species that has the potential to transmit more than 100 plant viruses. Controlling this pest is difficult because it has become resistant to a wide range of insecticides. Nanoformulation has the capacity to reduce the pesticide load in agriculture and thus reduce the risks on human health and the environment. In this study, nanocapsules of pirimicarb and pymetrozine were prepared using nanostructured lipid carriers. The size, morphology, and encapsulation efficiency of nanocapsules were investigated using dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Zeta potential studies revealed stability of the nanocapsules of both insecticides. The encapsulation efficiencies were 85 and 81% for pirimicarb and pymetrozine, respectively. The nanocapsules were spherical with sizes of 35.38 and 35.12 nm for pirimicarb and pymetrozine, respectively. The LC50 values for the wettable powder (WP) and nanocapsule of pirimicarb after 48 h were 216.2 and 73.2 mg ai/l; for pymetrozine after 96 h, the values were 40.6 and 14.8 mg ai/l, respectively. Durations of residual activity for WP and nanocapsule formulations of pirimicarb were 7 and 15 d, respectively. The residual activity periods for WP and nanocapsule formulations of pymetrozine were 9 and 17 d, respectively. The results revealed that nanoencapsulation can improve performance allowing for reduced doses and increased duration of insecticidal activity for both of the insecticides tested.

scholarly journals The Gustavus Gene Can Regulate the Fecundity of the Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Gao ◽  
Ruifan Ren ◽  
Jing Peng ◽  
Dongwei Wang ◽  
Xiaobin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Partial Control ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Transcriptome Database ◽  
Conserved Gene

Myzus persicae (Sulzer), commonly known as the green peach aphid, is a notorious pest that causes substantial losses to a range of crops and can transmit several plant viruses, including potato virus Y (PVY). Chemical insecticides provide only partial control of this pest and their use is not environmentally sustainable. In recent years, many genes related to growth, development, and reproduction have been used as targets for pest control. These include Gustavus (Gus), a highly conserved gene that has been reported to play an essential part in the genesis of germline cells and, hence, in fecundity in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster. We hypothesized that the Gustavus (Gus) gene was a potential target that could be used to regulate the M. persicae population. In this study, we report the first investigation of an ortholog of Gus in M. persicae, designated MpGus, and describe its role in the fecundity of this insect. First, we identified the MpGus mRNA sequence in the M. persicae transcriptome database, verified its identity with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and then evaluated the transcription levels of MpGus in M. persicae nymphs of different instars and tissues with real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). To investigate its role in regulating the fecundity of M. persicae, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to silence the expression of MpGus in adult insects; this resulted in a significant reduction in the number of embryos (50.6%, P < 0.01) and newborn nymphs (55.7%, P < 0.01) in the treated aphids compared with controls. Interestingly, MpGus was also significantly downregulated in aphids fed on tobacco plants that had been pre-infected with PVYN, concomitant with a significant reduction (34.1%, P < 0.01) in M. persicae fecundity. Collectively, these data highlight the important role of MpGus in regulating fecundity in M. persicae and indicate that MpGus is a promising RNAi target gene for control of this pest species.

scholarly journals Insecticidal activity of citronella grass essential oil on Frankliniella schultzei and Myzus persicae

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Fontes Pinheiro ◽  
Vagner Tebaldi de Queiroz ◽  
Vando Miossi Rondelli ◽  
Adilson Vidal Costa ◽  
Tiago de Paula Marcelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Frankliniella Schultzei ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Citronella Grass

The thrips, Frankliniella schultzei, and green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, cause direct damage to plants of economic importance and transmit phytoviruses, causing large economic losses. Chemical constituents of essential oils present a wide range of biological activities. The aim of this work was to evaluate insecticidal activity of essential oil from citronella grass, Cymbopogon winterianus, on F. schultzei and M. persicae. This essential oil was obtained by steam distillation and components were identified by GC/FID and GC/MS. A Potter spray tower was used to spray insects with the essential oil. The major constituents are geraniol (28.62%), citronellal (23.62%) and citronellol (17.10%). Essential oil of C. winterianus at 1% (w v-1) causes mortality in F. schultzei and M. persicae at 34.3% and 96.9%, respectively. The LC50 value for M. persicae was 0.36% and LC90 0.66%. Thus, citronella grass essential oil at 1% (w v-1) is more toxic to M. persicae than F. schultzei. This essential oil shows promise for developing pesticides to manage M. persicae.

INSECTICIDE-STIMULATED REPRODUCTION OF MYZUS PERSICAE, THE GREEN PEACH APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Gordon ◽  
F. L. McEwen
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Stimulation Of

Many instances of pest populations increasing following the application of pesticides to crops have been reported, with natural enemy destruction by the pesticide often cited as the cause (Putman and Heme 1959). Other explanations include a greater food supply available due to the death of competing pest species (Root and Gowan 1978), and direct stimulation of the enhanced species by sublethal doses of a pesticide, evidenced as increased fecundity (Leigh and Wynholds 1980; Boykin and Campbell 1982; Coombes 1983). In Ontario the use of the insecticide azinphosmethyl has been followed by population increases of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae (Sulzer)) (Founk and McClanahan 1970; Ritcey et al. 1982). Our study was undertaken to determine the causes.

scholarly journals Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae)

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Capinera
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Inclement Weather ◽  
The World

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is found throughout the world, including all areas of North America, where it is viewed as a pest principally due to its ability to transmit plant viruses. In addition to attacking plants in the field, green peach aphid readily infests vegetables and ornamental plants grown in greenhouses. This allows high levels of survival in areas with inclement weather, and favors ready transport on plant material. When young plants are infested in the greenhouse and then transplanted into the field, fields will not only be inoculated with aphids but insecticide resistance may be introduced. These aphids also can be transported long distances by wind and storms.  This document is EENY-222, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: July 2001. Revised: July 2004.  EENY222/IN379: Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Effects of Five Host Plant Species on the Life History and Population Growth Parameters of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Hong ◽  
Hong-Liang Han ◽  
Po Pu ◽  
Dong Wei ◽  
Jia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an important agricultural pest with a wide range of host plants. To study effects of host species on the life history traits of M. persicae, aphids were individually reared on five host plants: Brassica campestris L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae), Capsicum annuum L. (Tubiflorae: Solanaceae), Nicotiana tabacum L. (Tubiflorae: Solanaceae), Raphanus sativus L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae), and Vicia faba L. (Rosales: Leguminosae). TWOSEX-MSchart software was used for the statistical analysis according to the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The results showed that the shortest preadult stage and adult/total prereproductive period of M. persicae were 6.48, 0.19, and 6.67 d on V. faba, respectively. While the adult and total longevity of M. persicae on R. sativus (25.00 and 31.62 d) and N. tabacum (24.40 and 30.56 d) were significantly longer than that on the other three hosts, as was the reproductive period. The fecundity of M. persicae on R. sativus (80.83 nymphs per female), N. tabacum (71.72 nymphs per female), and V. faba (70.39 nymphs per female) was also greater than that on B. campestris and C. annuum. It was demonstrated that V. faba, R. sativus, and N. tabacum were more suitable plants for the growth of M. persicae exhibiting a shorter preadult stage, longer longevity, and greater fecundity than the remaining two species, as confirmed by the higher intrinsic rate of increase and net reproductive rate.

scholarly journals Potential spread of pests in New Zealand through commercial transport of nursery plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. McNeill ◽  
C.B. Phillips ◽  
N.L. Bell ◽  
J.R. Proffitt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Plant Industry ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Important Pathway ◽  
Nursery Plant ◽  
Arthropod Pests ◽  
North And South

This study assessed the potential for plant pests to be transported within New Zealand in association with shipments of plants among commercial nurseries in North and South Islands Searches of soil and litter sampled from three deliveries of nursery plants to Christchurch indicated there is enormous potential to vector plant pests on this pathway A diversity of nematodes seeds and arthropods was recovered including Trichodorid and Xiphinema nematodes which can vector some plant viruses and currently have limited distributions in New Zealand This small survey showed that transport of nursery plants must be an important pathway for the dispersal of a wide range of organisms within New Zealand Not only is there a direct threat to the nursery plant industry from the activity of some pest species but also there is the obvious potential to spread pathogens and arthropod pests into the wider environment

scholarly journals Biological activity and safety evaluation of monoterpenes against the peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Zhou ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Zhilin Zhang ◽  
Xiuxia Li ◽  
Yongcheng Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an economically important cosmopolitan crop pest. Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of secondary metabolites that exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Monoterpenes, as the major constituents of EOs, are well known for having a range of biological activities. In this study, 9 monoterpenes were screened for fumigant toxicity against M. persicae, and the safety of monoterpenes to natural enemies was evaluated. The results of the bioassays indicated that 9 monoterpenes showed promising fumigant toxicity against M. persicae. Carvacrol was the most toxic compound based on the LC50 value, which was 1.566 mg/L, followed by bornyl acetate, terpinolene, and terpinyl acetate, which had higher toxicities towards aphids, with LC50 values of 2.648 mg/L, 2.759 mg/L, and 2.832 mg/L, respectively. In addition, the safety evaluation assays of carvacrol against Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) larvae (LC50 = 43.851 mg/L) did not affect nontarget invertebrates at concentrations that effectively controlled aphids. Carvacrol was safer than chlorpyrifos to natural enemy H. axyridis larvae (toxicity ratio = 28.00 > 2.93). These results identified several high-activity monoterpenes that can be used against this pest in greenhouses as botanical insecticides.

scholarly journals Temperature-dependent development and survival of an invasive genotype of wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-525
Author(s):  
Kamila Karpicka-Ignatowska ◽  
Alicja Laska ◽  
Brian G. Rector ◽  
Anna Skoracka ◽  
Lechosław Kuczyński
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Time ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Aceria Tosichella ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractQuantifying basic biological data, such as the effects of variable temperatures on development and survival, is crucial to predicting and monitoring population growth rates of pest species, many of which are highly invasive. One of the most globally important pests of cereals is the eriophyoid wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, which is the primary vector of several plant viruses. The aim of this study was to evaluate temperature-dependent development and survival of WCM at a wide range of constant temperatures in the laboratory (17–33 °C). The development time of each stage depended significantly on temperature and it was negatively correlated with temperature increase. At high temperatures (27–33 °C), individuals had shorter developmental times, with the shortest (6 days) at 33 °C, whereas at the lowest tested temperatures (17–19 °C), developmental time was almost 3× longer. Moreover, temperature had a clear effect on survival: the higher the temperature, the lower the survival rate. These data provide information promoting more efficient and effective manipulation of WCM laboratory colonies, and further our understanding of the ramifications of temperature change on WCM physiology and implications for the growth and spread of this globally invasive pest.

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