scholarly journals Potential spread of pests in New Zealand through commercial transport of nursery plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. McNeill ◽  
C.B. Phillips ◽  
N.L. Bell ◽  
J.R. Proffitt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Plant Industry ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Important Pathway ◽  
Nursery Plant ◽  
Arthropod Pests ◽  
North And South

This study assessed the potential for plant pests to be transported within New Zealand in association with shipments of plants among commercial nurseries in North and South Islands Searches of soil and litter sampled from three deliveries of nursery plants to Christchurch indicated there is enormous potential to vector plant pests on this pathway A diversity of nematodes seeds and arthropods was recovered including Trichodorid and Xiphinema nematodes which can vector some plant viruses and currently have limited distributions in New Zealand This small survey showed that transport of nursery plants must be an important pathway for the dispersal of a wide range of organisms within New Zealand Not only is there a direct threat to the nursery plant industry from the activity of some pest species but also there is the obvious potential to spread pathogens and arthropod pests into the wider environment

Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (zebra chip).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E Munyaneza
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
North And South

Abstract Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso) is a phloem-limited, Gram-negative, unculturable bacterium that is primarily spread by psyllid insect vectors. It is considered very invasive due to its ability to be transported primarily in infective psyllids (Munyaneza et al., 2007a; 2010a,b; 2012a,b; Munyaneza, 2012; Alfaro-Fernandez et al., 2012a,b). It has been shown that Lso distribution in the Americas, New Zealand and Europe follows the distribution of its known psyllid vectors (Munyaneza, 2010; 2012).In New Zealand, where Lso was introduced along with Bactericera cockerelli, supposedly from Western USA in early 2000s, the bacterium had already spread to both North and South Island by the time it was first documented in 2006 (Gill, 2006). It is clear that introduction of the psyllid vectors of Lso into new regions is likely to result in the rapid spread of this bacterium. Lso and several of its vectors are already on several alert lists, including the EPPO A1 Regulated Quarantine Plant Pests.

Relative Toxicity and Residual Activity of Nanocapsules and Commercial Formulations of Pirimicarb and Pymetrozine Against Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2670-2675
Author(s):  
Nariman Maroofpour ◽  
Mir Jalil Hejazi ◽  
Hamed Hamishehkar ◽  
Shahzad Iranipour
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Pesticide Load

Abstract The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is one of the most common pest species that has the potential to transmit more than 100 plant viruses. Controlling this pest is difficult because it has become resistant to a wide range of insecticides. Nanoformulation has the capacity to reduce the pesticide load in agriculture and thus reduce the risks on human health and the environment. In this study, nanocapsules of pirimicarb and pymetrozine were prepared using nanostructured lipid carriers. The size, morphology, and encapsulation efficiency of nanocapsules were investigated using dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Zeta potential studies revealed stability of the nanocapsules of both insecticides. The encapsulation efficiencies were 85 and 81% for pirimicarb and pymetrozine, respectively. The nanocapsules were spherical with sizes of 35.38 and 35.12 nm for pirimicarb and pymetrozine, respectively. The LC50 values for the wettable powder (WP) and nanocapsule of pirimicarb after 48 h were 216.2 and 73.2 mg ai/l; for pymetrozine after 96 h, the values were 40.6 and 14.8 mg ai/l, respectively. Durations of residual activity for WP and nanocapsule formulations of pirimicarb were 7 and 15 d, respectively. The residual activity periods for WP and nanocapsule formulations of pymetrozine were 9 and 17 d, respectively. The results revealed that nanoencapsulation can improve performance allowing for reduced doses and increased duration of insecticidal activity for both of the insecticides tested.

scholarly journals Principles of response to detections of new plant pest species and the effectiveness of surveillance

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Wilson ◽  
B.P. Stephenson ◽  
G.S.C. Gill ◽  
J.L. Randall ◽  
C.M.C. Vieglais
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
General Surveillance ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
The Public ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Plant Pest

Surveillance for new plant pests and organisms is an ongoing challenge for the biosecurity of New Zealand The biggest challenge arises when prioritising which pests to target as it is not feasible to run active surveillance programmes for the large numbers of pests associated with productive and indigenous ecosystems Most plant pest detections are through general surveillance which relies on the public and scientific community to notice and report incursions to the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) MAF recognises the limitations of such an ad hoc process and the resulting implications for responding to incursions of new pests especially for prospects of containment and eradication This paper presents three incursion scenarios recognised by MAF and outlines how the level of pest surveillance affects the outcome for incursion management

scholarly journals Biosecurity approaches to surveillance and response for new plant pest species

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.P. Stephenson ◽  
G.S.C. Gill ◽  
J.L. Randall ◽  
J.A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Critical Area ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
Surveillance And Response ◽  
Potential Pest

There is a wide variety of organisms associated with plants and plant products A number of offshore and border measures are taken to exclude such organisms not present in New Zealand but some enter undetected Surveillance throughout New Zealand to achieve early detection and effective eradication programmes for all potential pest species is logistically not feasible and can realistically only be undertaken for targeted pests The National Plant Pest Reference Laboratory (NPPRL) conducts general surveillance activities but this usually only detects pests once they have established and dispersed in New Zealand The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) is currently investigating the feasibility of conducting targeted surveillance to achieve eradication for significant pests other than fruit flies and sees this to be a critical area for industry involvement Exclusion remains New Zealands best defence against plant pests

scholarly journals Presence of Potyvirus in the Norte de Santander department and molecular characterization of NIb protein in Colombian SCMV isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Chaves-Bedoya ◽  
Luz Yineth Ortíz-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
And Control ◽  
North And South

Potyviruses are the largest genus of plant viruses that cause significant losses over a wide range of crops. In this paper, the presence of potyvirus in different plant crops in the provinces of Ocaña and Pamplona located in the north and south of the Department of Norte de Santander (Colombia) was evaluated with RT-PCR analysis using universal oligonucleotides specific to the region that encodes the NIB protein. The results indicate the presence of several potyvirus in Pamplona in economically important crops such as corn (Zea mays), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum) and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo). In Ocaña, potyvirus was found in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), corn and pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). In corn, one of the most important crops, the presence of the Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) was confirmed with nucleotide sequencing. This is the first report of this virus in the department. The presence of several potyviruses in different crops in Norte de Santander indicate an alarming phytosanitary condition that must be addressed with priority to establish detection and control systems that maximize production, ensure agricultural sustainability, and propose certification schemes and improvement programs to reduce economic losses.

scholarly journals Temperature-dependent development and survival of an invasive genotype of wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-525
Author(s):  
Kamila Karpicka-Ignatowska ◽  
Alicja Laska ◽  
Brian G. Rector ◽  
Anna Skoracka ◽  
Lechosław Kuczyński
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Time ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Aceria Tosichella ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractQuantifying basic biological data, such as the effects of variable temperatures on development and survival, is crucial to predicting and monitoring population growth rates of pest species, many of which are highly invasive. One of the most globally important pests of cereals is the eriophyoid wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, which is the primary vector of several plant viruses. The aim of this study was to evaluate temperature-dependent development and survival of WCM at a wide range of constant temperatures in the laboratory (17–33 °C). The development time of each stage depended significantly on temperature and it was negatively correlated with temperature increase. At high temperatures (27–33 °C), individuals had shorter developmental times, with the shortest (6 days) at 33 °C, whereas at the lowest tested temperatures (17–19 °C), developmental time was almost 3× longer. Moreover, temperature had a clear effect on survival: the higher the temperature, the lower the survival rate. These data provide information promoting more efficient and effective manipulation of WCM laboratory colonies, and further our understanding of the ramifications of temperature change on WCM physiology and implications for the growth and spread of this globally invasive pest.

Natural enemies of bridal creeper Asparagus asparagoides in New Zealand

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
H.M. Harman ◽  
N.W. Waipara ◽  
C.J. Winks ◽  
L.A. Smith ◽  
P.G. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Classical Biocontrol ◽  
Wide Range

Bridal creeper is a weed of natural and productive areas in the northern North Island of New Zealand A classical biocontrol programme was initiated in 20052007 with a survey of invertebrate fauna and pathogens associated with the weed in New Zealand Although bridal creeper was attacked by a wide range of generalist invertebrates their overall damage affected

Studies of Ptiliidae (Coleoptera) in the Spirit Collection of the Natural History Museum, London 2: New species and records from P. Hammond's visit to New Zealand in 1983–84

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-196
Author(s):  
Michael Darby
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Natural History Museum ◽  
History Museum ◽  
The North ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
North And South

Some 2,000 Ptiliidae collected in the North and South Islands of New Zealand in 1983/1984 by Peter Hammond of the Natural History Museum, London, are determined to 34 species, four of which are new to the country. As there are very few previous records, most from the Auckland district of North Island, the Hammond collection provides much new distributional data. The three new species: Nellosana insperatus sp. n., Notoptenidium flavum sp. n., and Notoptenidium johnsoni sp. n., are described and figured; the genus Ptiliodes is moved from Acrotrichinae to Ptiliinae, and Ptenidium formicetorum Kraatz recorded as a new introduction. Information is provided to aid separation of the new species from those previously recorded.

Shooting a Tiger

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijaya Ramadas Mandala
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
British Raj ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Forest Legislation ◽  
Imperial Governance ◽  
North And South

The main contention of Shooting a Tiger is that hunting during the colonial period was not merely a recreational activity, but a practice intimately connected with imperial governance. The book positions shikar or hunting at the heart of colonial rule by demonstrating that, for the British in India, it served as a political, practical, and symbolic apparatus in the consolidation of power and rule during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The book analyses early colonial hunting during the Company period, and then surveys different aspects of hunting during the high imperial decades in the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The book draws upon an impressive array of archival material and uses a wide range of evidence to support its contentions. It examines hunting at a variety of social and ethnic levels—military, administrative, elite, princely India, Indian professional hunters, and in terms of Indian auxiliaries and (sometimes) resisters. It also deals with different geographical contexts—the plains, the mountains, north and south India. The exclusive privilege of hunting exercised by the ruling classes, following colonial forest legislation, continued to be extended to the Indian princes who played a critical role in sustaining the lavish hunts that became the hallmark of the late nineteenth-century British Raj. Hunting was also a way of life in colonial India, undertaken by officials and soldiers alike alongside their everyday duties, necessary for their mental sustenance and vital for the smooth operation of the colonial administration. There are also two final chapters on conservation, particularly the last chapter focusing on two British hunter-turned-conservationists, Jim Corbett and Colonel Richard Burton.

scholarly journals Mitogenomic analysis of diversity of key whitefly pests in Kenya and its implication to their sustainable management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathiya M. Khamis ◽  
Fidelis L. O. Ombura ◽  
Inusa J. Ajene ◽  
Komivi S. Akutse ◽  
Sevgan Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Aleyrodes Proletella ◽  
Aleurodicus Dispersus

AbstractWhiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are devastating agricultural pests of economic importance vectoring pathogenic plant viruses. Knowledge on their diversity and distribution in Kenya is scanty, limiting development of effective sustainable management strategies. The present study is aimed at identifying whitefly pest species present in Kenya across different agroecological zones and establish predictive models for the most abundant species in Africa. Whiteflies were sampled in Kenya from key crops known to be severely infested and identified using 16S rRNA markers and complete mitochondrial genomes. Four whitefly species were identified: Aleyrodes proletella, Aleurodicus dispersus, Bemisia afer and Trialeurodesvaporariorum, the latter being the most dominant species across all the agroecology. The assembly of complete mitogenomes and comparative analysis of all 13 protein coding genes confirmed the identities of the four species. Furthermore, prediction spatial models indicated high climatic suitability of T. vaporariorum in Africa, Europe, Central America, parts of Southern America, parts of Australia, New Zealand and Asia. Consequently, our findings provide information to guide biosecurity agencies on protocols to be adopted for precise identification of pest whitefly species in Kenya to serve as an early warning tool against T. vaporariorum invasion into unaffected areas and guide appropriate decision-making on their management.

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