Interspecific and Seasonal Variation in Wingbeat Frequency Among Migratory Lepidoptera in Northern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2134-2140
Author(s):  
Wenhua Yu ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Jianglong Guo ◽  
Kris A G Wyckhuys ◽  
Xiujing Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Insect Flight ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Wingbeat Frequency ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Population Forecasting ◽  
Ephemeral Resources ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Many lepidopteran species rely upon active flight to migrate over long distances, thus pursuing ephemeral resources, colonizing new habitats, or escaping adverse meteorological conditions. Though their biology and ecology are often well studied, there is only scant information on their wingbeat frequency (WBF), a key aerodynamic determinant of insect flight. In this study, we assessed interspecific and seasonal variability in WBF for 85 different migratory species of Lepidoptera (11 families) under the laboratory conditions of 25 ± 1°C and 75 ± 5% RH. WBF of migrant individuals ranged between 6.7 and 84.5 Hz and substantial interspecific differences were recorded, with members of the Bombycidae exhibiting the highest mean WBFs (i.e., 55.1 ± 1.0 Hz) and Saturniidae the lowest (8.5 ± 0.2 Hz). At a species level, seasonal variation was observed in WBF for Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Scotogramma trifolii Rottemberg (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Our findings add to the scientific knowledge on flight biology of migratory insects, facilitate (automatic) monitoring and population forecasting, and can have broader implications for insect pest management or biodiversity conservation.

scholarly journals Fitness Costs of Chlorantraniliprole Resistance Related to the SeNPF Overexpression in the Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 5027
Author(s):  
Changwei Gong ◽  
Xinge Yao ◽  
Qunfang Yang ◽  
Xuegui Wang ◽  
Yuming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Ryanodine Receptors ◽  
Oviposition Rate ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Mating Response ◽  
Transmembrane Segments ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Spodopteraexigua, a multifeeding insect pest, has developed a high level of resistance to chlorantraniliprole, which is a benzoylurea insecticide that targets the ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Herein, the resistant strain (SE-Sel) and sensitive strain (SE-Sus) were obtained by bidirectional screening for six generations. The potential oviposited eggs and oviposition rate of the SE-Sel strain were dramatically lower than those of the SE-Sus strain; on the contrary, the weights of prepupae and preadult were significantly increased. As a post-mating response, the higher number of non-oviposited eggs in the SE-Sel strain was caused by a lower mating rate. In addition, the expression levels of vitellogenin (SeVg) and its receptor (SeVgR) in the SE-Sel strain were consistently lower than those in the SE-Sus strain. An RyRI4743M mutation, contributing to the resistance to chlorantraniliprole, was located in the S3 transmembrane segments and might have affected the release of calcium ions; it led to the upregulated expression of the neuropeptide SeNPF and its receptor SeNPFR, and the mating and oviposition rate were significantly recovered when the SeNPF was knocked down though RNA interference (RNAi) in the male adult of the SE-Sel strain. Moreover, the expression of the juvenile hormone-binding proteins SeJHBWDS3 and SeJHBAN in the male adult of the SE-Sel strain was significantly decreased, which proved the existence of a fitness cost from another angle. Therefore, these results indicate that the fitness cost accompanied by chlorantraniliprole resistance in S. exigua may be related to the decrease in mating desire due to SeNPF overexpression.

First records of Chrysodeixis chalcites (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Plusiinae) for east-central Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Murillo ◽  
David W.A. Hunt ◽  
Sherah L. VanLaerhoven
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Nonnative Species ◽  
East Central ◽  
Central Canada ◽  
Chrysodeixis Chalcites ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractSpecimens of Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) have been found in different municipalities in southwestern Ontario, Canada since 2008. This nonnative species occurs in tomato and green bean crops where it has the potential of becoming an important insect pest.

scholarly journals First Report of Native Parasitoids of Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Mozambique

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 615
Author(s):  
Albasini Caniço ◽  
António Mexia ◽  
Luisa Santos
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Native Parasitoids ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The alien invasive insect pest Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), commonly referred to as fall armyworm (FAW), is causing significant losses to maize production in Africa since its detection in 2016. As an emergency response, governments in several countries distributed and/or promoted massive use of synthetic insecticides among smallholder farmers to fight FAW. The inappropriate use of synthetic insecticides by non-trained and ill-equipped farmers raises environmental and health concerns. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of native parasitoids of FAW, their parasitism rates, and relative abundance in the central province of Manica, Mozambique. A field collection of FAW egg masses and larvae was conducted from May to August 2019 (dry season of the 2018/2019 cropping season) and in December 2019 and January 2020 (rainy season of 2019/2020 cropping season). A total of 101 egg masses and 1444 larvae of FAW were collected from infested fields. Five larval parasitoids were recorded, but no egg parasitism was observed. Coccygidium luteum Brullé (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Drino quadrizonula Thomson (Diptera: Tachinidae) were the primary parasitoids. Maximum parasitism of 23.68% and 8.86% and relative abundance of 100 and 96.3 were recorded for C. luteum and D. quadrizonula, respectively. Total parasitism by different parasitoid species was at 9.49%. Cultural practices favoring the action of these parasitoids should be advocated.

Seasonal Patterns of Protoschinia scutosa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Migration Across China’s Bohai Strait

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyuan Zhao ◽  
Xiaowei Fu ◽  
Jianglong Guo ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Kris A G Wyckhuys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Light Trapping ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Trapping Field ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Trapping Number ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bohai Strait

Abstract The spotted clover moth, Protoschinia scutosa (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important polyphagous pest that is widely distributed in the world. P. scutosa overwinters as pupae in agricultural soils in Northern China. Yet, it is unclear whether P. scutosa also engages in seasonal migration over mid- to long-range distances. In this study, we employ light trapping, field surveys, and ovarian dissection of captured adults over a 2003–2015 time period to assess P. scutosa migration in Northern China. Our work shows that P. scutosa migrates across the Bohai Strait seasonally; the mean duration of its windborne migration period was 121.6 d, and the mean trapping number was 1053.6 moths. Nightly catches of P. scutosa were significantly different between months, but the differences between years were not significant. During 2009–2011 and 2013, the monthly proportion of migrating females (65.5%) was significantly higher than that of males and showed no difference between months. In May to June, the majority of females (May: 63.0%; June: 61.1%) were mated individuals with relatively high level of ovarian development; however, in August and September, most females were unmated. The mean proportion of mated females was significantly different across months but did not differ between years. The results of long-term searchlight trapping and ovarian dissection indicate that P. scutosa exhibits a seasonal characteristic of typical population dynamics and reproductive development of migratory insects. Our work sheds light upon key facets of P. scutosa ecology and facilitates the future development of pest forecasting systems and pest management schemes.

Autumn Migration of Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) over the Bohai Sea in Northern China

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 774-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Qiang Feng ◽  
Xin-Cheng Zhao ◽  
Xian-Fu Wu ◽  
Bo Wu ◽  
Kong-Ming Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Autumn Migration ◽  
Mythimna Separata ◽  
The Bohai Sea ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Distribution of moths of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in the Nile Delta interpreted from catches in a pheromone trap network in relation to meteorological factors

1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Sayed A. Nasr ◽  
M. R. Tucker ◽  
D. G. Campion
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Seasonal Migrations ◽  
Egyptian Cotton ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Egyptian Cotton Leafworm

AbstractRecords of daily catches of males of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) at pheromone traps in or near the Nile Delta, Egypt, during 1979 and 1980 were used to investigate both the seasonal variation in catch and the possibility that migration, associated with particular weather systems, may significantly affect moth numbers in a particular area. Although more moths were caught in 1979 than in 1980, in both years there was a similar seasonal variation in catch, with low numbers in January and February followed by an increase to a maximum in June or August. There was no systematic seasonal change in the area of highest catch that would suggest seasonal migrations. On some nights, large increases in catch were associated with weather disturbances, notably windshift lines, suggesting that flying moths are sometimes redistributed by wind systems. Catches at two traps far from the main source area suggest that moths may have flown at least 50 km downwind from sources in the Nile Delta. The pattern of nightly catches at most traps indicated that build-up of local populations is the most important factor affecting the population dynamics of the pest but that some, mainly local, redistribution by wind systems takes place.

scholarly journals Annual Migration of Agrotis segetum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Observed on a Small Isolated Island in Northern China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0131639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianglong Guo ◽  
Xiaowei Fu ◽  
Xiao Wu ◽  
Xincheng Zhao ◽  
Kongming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Northern China ◽  
Agrotis Segetum ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals Seasonal migration ofCnaphalocrocis medinalis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) over the Bohai Sea in northern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-W. Fu ◽  
C. Li ◽  
H.-Q. Feng ◽  
Z.-F. Liu ◽  
J.W. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Leaf Roller

AbstractThe rice leaf roller,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée), is a serious insect pest of rice with a strong migratory ability. Previous studies on the migration ofC. medinaliswere mostly carried out in tropical or subtropical regions, however, and what the pattern of seasonal movements this species exhibits in temperate regions (i.e. Northern China, where they cannot overwinter) remains unknown. Here we present data from an 11-year study of this species made by searchlight trapping on Beihuang Island (BH, 38°24′N; 120°55′E) in the centre of the Bohai Strait, which provides direct evidence thatC. medinalisregularly migrates across this sea into northeastern agricultural region of China, and to take advantage of the abundant food resources there during the summer season. There was considerable seasonal variation in number ofC. medinalistrapped on BH, and the migration period during 2003–2013 ranged from 72 to 122 days. Some females trapped in June and July showed a relatively higher proportion of mated and a degree of ovarian development suggesting that the migration of this species is not completely bound by the ‘oogenesis-flight syndrome’. These findings revealed a new route forC. medinalismovements to and from Northeastern China, which will help us develop more effective management strategies against this pest.

Ecology of Cladonia lichens. II. Comparative physiological ecology of C. mitis, C. rangiferina, and C. uncialis

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Lechowicz ◽  
Michael S. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Physiological Ecology ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Physiological Tolerance ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Response To Temperature

The net CO2 exchange responses of Cladonia mitis, C. rangiferina, and C. uncialis from the Wisconsin Pine Barrens to irradiance, thallus temperature, and thallus relative water content were statistically compared for fall, spring, and summer. The absolute net photosynthetic rate of C. rangiferina exceeded that of C. uncialis under essentially all conditions and in all seasons; C. mitis's absolute net photosynthesis fluctuated with the seasons between these two contrasting species. Cladonia mitis showed significant intraspecific seasonal variation in net photosynthetic responses to temperature and irradiance. Cladonia rangiferina showed significant seasonal variation in dark respiratory response to temperature. Cladonia uncialis showed no significant intraspecific seasonal variation in net CO2 exchange responses. Significant interspecific differences in net CO2 exchange responses centered on the net photosynthetic responses to thallus temperature and relative water content.Despite its low net photosynthetic rates, C. uncialis is the most prevalent lichen in the Wisconsin Pine Barren ground-layer community. We attribute this not to broad physiological tolerance, but to its significantly slower drying rate. Lichens photosynthesize only when wetted. Cladonia uncialis photosynthesizes at generally lower rates than C. mitis or C. rangiferina, but it photosynthesizes longer under comparable environmental drying regimes. This and other aspects of the physiological ecology of the three species are discussed in relation to microdistribution and microhabitats within the Wisconsin Pine Barrens.

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