Ecology of Cladonia lichens. II. Comparative physiological ecology of C. mitis, C. rangiferina, and C. uncialis

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Lechowicz ◽  
Michael S. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Physiological Ecology ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Physiological Tolerance ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Response To Temperature

The net CO2 exchange responses of Cladonia mitis, C. rangiferina, and C. uncialis from the Wisconsin Pine Barrens to irradiance, thallus temperature, and thallus relative water content were statistically compared for fall, spring, and summer. The absolute net photosynthetic rate of C. rangiferina exceeded that of C. uncialis under essentially all conditions and in all seasons; C. mitis's absolute net photosynthesis fluctuated with the seasons between these two contrasting species. Cladonia mitis showed significant intraspecific seasonal variation in net photosynthetic responses to temperature and irradiance. Cladonia rangiferina showed significant seasonal variation in dark respiratory response to temperature. Cladonia uncialis showed no significant intraspecific seasonal variation in net CO2 exchange responses. Significant interspecific differences in net CO2 exchange responses centered on the net photosynthetic responses to thallus temperature and relative water content.Despite its low net photosynthetic rates, C. uncialis is the most prevalent lichen in the Wisconsin Pine Barren ground-layer community. We attribute this not to broad physiological tolerance, but to its significantly slower drying rate. Lichens photosynthesize only when wetted. Cladonia uncialis photosynthesizes at generally lower rates than C. mitis or C. rangiferina, but it photosynthesizes longer under comparable environmental drying regimes. This and other aspects of the physiological ecology of the three species are discussed in relation to microdistribution and microhabitats within the Wisconsin Pine Barrens.

Ecology of Cladonia lichens. III. Comparison of C. caroliniana, endemic to southeastern North America, with three northern Cladonia species

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Lechowicz ◽  
William P. Jordan ◽  
Michael S. Adams
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Microhabitat Selection ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Northern Species

The net CO2 exchange responses of C. caroliniana in the fall to light, thallus temperature, and thallus relative water content were determined. Cladonia caroliniana responses were compared with three northern Cladonia: C. mitis, C. rangiferina, and C. uncialis. The eco-physiological characteristics of the four species provide some intuitive understanding of their biogeography and their microhabitat selection on the Wisconsin Pine Barrens. The temperature dependence of net photosynthesis of the four species correlates with their distributional relations. Cladonia caroliniana is physiologically adapted to higher temperatures than the three northern species. The limitations of this intuitive comparison are discussed and a quantitative alternative suggested.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemistry and surface water quality assessment of IB valley coalfield area, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Prasad Sahoo ◽  
Himanshu Bhushan Sahu ◽  
Dhruti Sundar Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Nickel Aluminum ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Cadmium Selenium ◽  
High Degree

AbstractCoal mining and ancillary activities have the potential to cause water pollution characterized by acid mine drainage, acid mine leachates, extreme pH conditions and heavy metal contaminations. In the present work, 33 water samples in premonsoon and 34 water samples in monsoon were collected from the surface water bodies of Ib Valley coalfield, India for hydrogeochemical analysis. In premonsoon, pH, TSS, Turbidity, DO, BOD, COD, Magnesium, Cadmium, Selenium, Nickel, Aluminum and in monsoon, pH, TSS, Turbidity, DO, BOD, COD, Iron, Cadmium, Selenium, Nickel and Aluminum were nonconforming to the permissible limit set by the Bureau of Indian Standards, World Health Organisation and Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. The average BOD/COD ratio of less than 0.6 in both seasons indicated Ib valley coalfield water was not fairly biodegradable. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that significant seasonal variation (p < 0.05) was observed in the hydro-chemical parameters viz. TSS, turbidity, redox potential, acidity, total hardness, bicarbonate alkalinity, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, cadmium, chromium and magnesium during the entire sampling period. Whereas, no significant seasonal variation (p > 0.05) was observed in pH, EC, TDS, DO, BOD, residual chlorine, COD, oil and grease, fluoride, potassium, zinc, copper, selenium, nickel, aluminum, boron, silica, temperature, salinity, cyanide and phenol. Water Quality Index revealed that 39.39% and 35.29% samples belong to poor water quality category in premonsoon and monsoon, respectively. As per Heavy Metal Pollution Index, Degree of Contamination (Cd) and Heavy metal evaluation index, medium degree of pollution were exhibited by 51.52%, 30.30% and 45.45% samples in premonsoon and 20.59%, 35.29% and 26.47% samples in monsoon. Whereas, 5.88%, 2.94% and 5.88% samples were having high degree of pollution in monsoon and 15.15% samples caused high degree of pollution with respect to Cd in premonsoon. However, EC, Na%, PI, SAR and RSC values suggested that the water can be used for irrigation. Water type of the region had been found to be Ca–Mg–Cl–SO4 by Piper diagram.

Seasonal Variability in Middepth Gyral Circulation Patterns in the Central East/Japan Sea as Revealed by Long-Term Argo Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 937-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sok Kuh Kang ◽  
Young Ho Seung ◽  
Jong Jin Park ◽  
Jae-Hun Park ◽  
Jae Hak Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Japan Basin ◽  
Wind Stress Curl ◽  
Argo Data ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Columns

AbstractTrajectories of Argo floats deployed in the East/Japan Sea from 2001 to 2014 reveal that the middepth gyral circulation pattern of the Japan basin, the central part of the East/Japan Sea, undergoes a seasonal variation. The middepth circulation of the Japan basin is found to be characterized usually by the gyres trapped to the east of the Bogorov Rise (E-gyres) and those extending farther westward into the whole basin (BW-gyres). The E-gyre trajectories are generally associated with the turning of the floats toward deeper regions off the isobaths. This occurs in winter either on the northern or eastern side of the eastern Japan basin. It seems that the upstream part of the otherwise BW-gyre is subject to a strong negative wind stress curl in winter, and there the circulating water columns are driven toward the deeper region, thus triggering the formation of the E-gyre. The topographic effect associated with the Bogorov Rise seems to interfere thereafter in the process of determining the passage of the E-gyre. Otherwise, the water columns continue to flow along the isobaths, hence maintaining the BW-gyre. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first observational evidence of seasonal variability in the middepth gyral circulation pattern in the East/Japan Sea. It suggests that oceanic middepth circulation, usually known to be quasi steady or slowly varying on climatological time scales, might also undergo a significant seasonal variation as it does in the East/Japan Sea.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical attributes of water of Hakaluki Haor, Sylhet, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Md Tajul Islam ◽  
M Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Hassan Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Chemical Attributes

Water quality assessment has been carried out in the Hakaluki Haor of greater Sylhet district during May, 2013 to February, 2014. Water samples were collected from 5 spots during 4 seasons and a total of 15 physico-chemical parameters were studied. Significant seasonal variation was observed in all seasons among physico-chemical parameters. pH values varied from 5.9 - 7.1, water temperature varied from 23.7 – 26.7OC, transference varied from 23-53 cm, TSS varied from 18.1-192 mg/l, TDS varied 25-193.5 mg/l, EC varied from 30-680 ?s/cm , DO content of water varied from 4.6 - 5.6mg/l, BOD varied from 0.2-2.614 mg/l, COD varied from 38-312 mg/l, NO3-N varied from 0.1-30.4 mg/l, NH3 varied from 0.9-2.18 mg/l, alkalinity varied from 12-42 mg/l and PO4 varied from 0.9 -13.4 (mg/l). Agricultural and inorganic pollutants have been observed as the main causes of the Haor water pollution.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 3(2): 67-72, 2014 (December)

Net Photosynthesis of Cladonia Mitis (Sand.) From Sun and Shade Sites on the Wisconsin Pine Barrens

Ecology ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Lechowicz ◽  
Michael S. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Sun And Shade

scholarly journals Mucormycosis in the Eastern Mediterranean: a seasonal disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. AL-AJAM ◽  
A. R. BIZRI ◽  
J. MOKHBAT ◽  
J. WEEDON ◽  
L. LUTWICK
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

Mucormycosis is a fairly rare fungal infection caused by ubiquitous fungi of the order Mucorales and primarily affects immunocompromised hosts. A series of 16 cases of invasive mucormycosis admitted to three referral centres in Beirut, Lebanon between 1981 and 1999 is described. It includes 12 patients with rhinocerebral, three with cutaneous, and one with pulmonary infection. Onset of symptoms occurred in the summer and autumn in 15 out of 16 patients, showing a statistically significant seasonal variation (P=0·007) A recent report of 19 patients from Tel Aviv describes a strikingly similar seasonal pattern. Studies on atmospheric concentration of Mucorales spores in the Eastern Mediterranean are lacking. Weather pattern analysis in Beirut revealed clustering of onset of invasive mucormycosis at the end of a dry, warm period, which begins around May and ends in October. Mucormycosis incidence appears to be seasonal in the Eastern Mediterranean.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation and change trends for quit smoking: evidence from Internet search engine query data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Dingtao Hu ◽  
Xiaoqi Lou ◽  
Nana Meng ◽  
Qiaomei Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background: The outcomes of smoking have generated considerable clinical interest in recent years. Although people from different countries are more interested to the topic of quit smoking during the winter, few studies have tested this hypothesis. The current study aimed to quantify public interest in quit smoking via Google.Methods: We use Google Trends to obtain the Internet search query volume for terms relating to quit smoking for major northern and southern hemisphere countries in this research. Normally search volumes for the term “quit smoking + stop smoking + smoking cessation” were retrieved within the USA, the UK, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia from January 2004 to December 2018. Seasonal effects were investigated using cosinor analysis and seasonal decomposition of time series models.Results: Significant seasonal variation patterns in those search terms were revealed by cosinor analysis and demonstrated by the evidence from Google Trends analysis in the representative countries including the USA (pcos = 2.36×10-7), the UK (pcos < 2.00×10-16), Canada (pcos < 2.00×10-16), Ireland (pcos <2.00×10-16) ,Australia (pcos = 5.13×10-6) and New Zealand (pcos = 4.87×10-7). Time series plots emphasized the consistency of seasonal trends with peaks in winter / late autumn by repeating in nearly all years. The overall trend of search volumes, observed by dynamic series analysis, declined from 2004 to 2018.Conclusions: The preliminary evidence from Google Trends search tool showed a significant seasonal variation and decreasing trend for the RSV of quit smoking. Our novel findings in smoking cessation epidemiology need to be verified with further studies, and the mechanisms underlying these findings must be clarified.

Seasonal variation in human amino acid excretion

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry B. Hale ◽  
James P. Ellis ◽  
Donald D. Van Fossan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Amino acid excretion was studied in young, healthy men during summer, fall and winter months in a southwestern U. S. location. Both untimed and timed urine samples were employed. The amino acids determined were alanine, arginine, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, lysine, methyl histidine, serine, threonine and valine. Supplemental determinations included urine volume, creatinine, uric acid, urea, sodium and potassium. Using untimed urine samples and expressing values as ratios with creatinine, significant seasonal variation was found for alanine, arginine, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine and serine. Submitted on April 11, 1959

scholarly journals Seasonal Differences in Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments and Gas Exchange Properties in Two Greenhouse Grown Maize (Zea Mays L.) Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqbal Hussain ◽  
Abdul Wahid ◽  
Rizwan Rasheed ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Akram
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Photosynthetic Attributes

Abstract The greenhouse (GH) effect has emerged as a major factor in changing cropping patterns and limiting crop yields. This study was conducted to determine the comparative growth and photosynthetic responses of selected heat-resistant (cv. Sadaf) and heat-susceptible (cv. Agatti-2002) cultivars of maize to simulated GH conditions during spring and autumn seasons at seedling, silking and grain filling stages in 2007. Fifteen day old plants were shifted to plexiglass-fitted canopies to create GH conditions and data were recorded at each growth stage. The results revealed that the seasons, GH conditions and cultivars had large effects on plant growth and photosynthetic attributes. Simulated GH conditions increased the canopy temperature 4-7 °C in spring and 3-5 °C in autumn, but increased relative humidity by 2-3% in spring and 5-9% in autumn season. Although GH reduced the growth of both cultivars, shoot dry mass was reduced more in spring grown heat-susceptible maize at all growth stages. Although the cultivars showed a decrease in growth and photosynthesis, GH conditions resulted in less damage to cv. Sadaf than cv. Agatti-2002 in both seasons. Major indicators of sensitivity to GH effect were loss of chlorophyll b and carotenoids, reductions in net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, and possibly reduced ability of Rubisco to fix CO2 in sensitive maize.

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