Feeding Rate of Larval Clover Root Curculio, Sitona hispidulus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), on Alfalfa Taproots

1986 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Dintenfass ◽  
G. C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Sitona Hispidulus ◽  
Clover Root

scholarly journals Seeking Alfalfa Resistance to a Rhizophagous Pest, the Clover Root Curculio (Sitona hispidulus F.)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Kaitlin Rim ◽  
Jamie Crawford ◽  
Steven J. Price ◽  
Donald R. Viands ◽  
Ricardo A. Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Sitona Hispidulus ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Resistant Population ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Crc Management

Since the cancellation of broad-spectrum soil-active insecticides in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) production, clover root curculio (Sitona hispidulus F.) (CRC) larval root damage has increased. Current CRC management practices are limited in their ability to suppress larval feeding belowground. First, we field screened developmental alfalfa populations for CRC damage. Subsequently, we developed a soil-less arena to observe nodule feeding and development (head capsule width) of larvae in the lab. This method was used to evaluate five alfalfa populations (two CRC-susceptible (control) and three CRC-resistant populations) against larvae. Further, one CRC-resistant population paired with its genetically similar susceptible population were tested against adult leaf consumption and oviposition in the greenhouse. Field screening revealed that the alfalfa populations selected for little or no larval root feeding damage were more resistant to CRC larval feeding than their corresponding unselected cultivars and significantly more resistant than populations selected for susceptibility. The development of a soil-less arena provided a useful method for evaluation of root-larva interactions. Although larval development was similar across susceptible and resistant alfalfa populations, one CRC-resistant population (NY1713) displayed overall increased nodulation and, thus, had a significantly lower proportion of nodules consumed by larvae. Adult feeding and oviposition aboveground were similar across all populations tested. These results provide possible candidates and screening method for the development and evaluation of alfalfa cultivars that may reduce the impacts of larval feeding and that offer an additional option for CRC management.

scholarly journals Biology and Management of Clover Root Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin Rim ◽  
Steven J Price ◽  
Erik J Wenninger ◽  
Rachael Long ◽  
Ricardo A Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Sitona Hispidulus ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Soil Fumigants ◽  
Phase Out

AbstractClover root curculio (Sitona hispidulus (F.)) (CRC) has become an economically important pest of alfalfa since the regulatory phase-out of carbofuran, methyl bromide, and other synthetic soil fumigants. Native to temperate Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, CRC was introduced to North America in the early 1900s and is now widespread across the U.S. Adult foliar herbivory is not typically economically important. However, severe root damage by larvae can result in secondary plant pathogen infections, leading to losses in forage quality, yield, and stand life. Monitoring efforts include sweep netting adults and soil sampling around the crown and roots of plants for eggs and larvae. Relationships between CRC densities and root damage as well as economic thresholds have yet to be established. Although several pyrethroids have been registered for use against CRC adults, they are not recommended due to potential non-target effects. Chemical controls have not been registered for use against the cryptic larval stage. This review discusses CRC identification, life history, biology, and ecology. Potential ecological management strategies (e.g., crop rotation, planting dates, resistant host varieties), biological control agents, and insecticide options are also described as key components of an integrated pest management program against CRC in U.S. alfalfa.

NATURAL FEEDING OF SLUDGE WORMS (Tubifex sp.) WITH DIFFERENT FEEDING RATE ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF CTENOPOMA (Ctenopoma acutirostre) FISH SEEDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Atilah Setiawan ◽  
Muarif Muarif ◽  
Fia Sri Mumpuni
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Absolute Length ◽  
Test Fish ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The aim of this study was to determine the growth and survival rate of Ctenopoma fish seeds. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment in this study was a different feeding rate using natural feed of Tubifex sp  namely A (8%), B (10%), and C (12%) ). The test fish used was Ctenopoma fish seeds with an initial length of 2.40 ± 0.10 cm and an initial weight of 0.32 ± 0.05 g. Fish seeds are cultivated  for 28 days with feeding frequency twice a day. The results of research showed that the use of different feeding rate had an significantly different (P<0.05) on the specific growth  rate and absolute length growth with the best results in the treatment C. The survival rate was not significantly different between treatments (P>0.05). Key Words: Ctenopoma, feeding rate, growth, survival rate 

Feeding rate and efficiency in an apex soil predator exposed to short-term temperature changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Divya Ramachandran ◽  
Zoë Lindo ◽  
Matthew L. Meehan
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temperature Changes

scholarly journals Behavioral Parameters of Planarians (Girardia tigrina) as Fast Screening, Integrative and Cumulative Biomarkers of Environmental Contamination: Preliminary Results

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Ana M. Córdova López ◽  
Althiéris de Souza Saraiva ◽  
Carlos Gravato ◽  
Amadeu M. V. M. Soares ◽  
Renato Almeida Sarmento
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Total Chloride ◽  
Fast Screening ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
The Impact

The present study aims to use behavioral responses of the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities on the aquatic ecosystem of the watershed Araguaia-Tocantins (Tocantins, Brazil). Behavioral responses are integrative and cumulative tools that reflect changes in energy allocation in organisms. Thus, feeding rate and locomotion velocity (pLMV) were determined to assess the effects induced by the laboratory exposure of adult planarians to water samples collected in the region of Tocantins-Araguaia, identifying the sampling points affected by contaminants. Furthermore, physicochemical and microbiological parameters, as well as the presence of inorganic compounds (dissolved aluminum, total barium, total chloride, dissolved iron, total fluoride, total manganese, nitrates, nitric nitrogen, total sulfate, total zinc) and surfactants, were determined on each specific sampling point. The behavioral biomarkers (feeding rate and pLMV) of the freshwater planarians were significantly decreased when organisms were exposed to water samples from four municipalities (Formoso do Araguaia, Lagoa da Confusão, Gurupi and Porto Nacional), sites of the Tocantins-Araguaia hydrographic region—TAHR. Both behavioral biomarkers decreased up to ~37–39% compared to organisms in ASTM medium only. Our results showed that these behavioral biomarkers can be used for fast screening monitoring of environmental samples of freshwater ecosystems, since a decrease in feeding rate and locomotor activity was observed in sites impacted by anthropogenic activities. However, the absence of effects observed in some sampling points does not represent the absence of contamination, since several other classes of contaminants were not determined. In these negative results, the absence of deleterious effects on behavioral biomarkers might only be indicative that the potential presence of contaminants on such sites does not significantly affect the performance of planarians. This fast screening approach seems to be useful to determine contaminated sites in freshwater ecosystems for biomonitoring purposes. This knowledge will help to develop biomonitoring programs and to decide appropriate sampling sites and analysis.

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