Many-lined sun skinks (Mabuya multifasciata) do not compensate for the costs of tail loss by increasing feeding rate or digestive efficiency

2009 ◽  
Vol 311A (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Yan Sun ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Xiang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Digestive Efficiency ◽  
Tail Loss

scholarly journals Spare capacity and phenotypic flexibility in the digestive system of a migratory bird: defining the limits of animal design

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1783) ◽  
pp. 20140308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. McWilliams ◽  
William H. Karasov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Phenotypic Flexibility ◽  
Digestive Efficiency ◽  
Spare Capacity ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Energy And Nutrient Intake

Flexible phenotypes enable animals to live in environments that change over space and time, and knowing the limits to and the required time scale for this flexibility provides insights into constraints on energy and nutrient intake, diet diversity and niche width. We quantified the level of immediate and ultimate spare capacity, and thus the extent of phenotypic flexibility, in the digestive system of a migratory bird in response to increased energy demand, and identified the digestive constraints responsible for the limits on sustained energy intake. Immediate spare capacity decreased from approximately 50% for birds acclimated to relatively benign temperatures to less than 20% as birds approached their maximum sustainable energy intake. Ultimate spare capacity enabled an increase in feeding rate of approximately 126% as measured in birds acclimated for weeks at −29°C compared with +21°C. Increased gut size and not tissue-specific differences in nutrient uptake or changes in digestive efficiency or retention time were primarily responsible for this increase in capacity with energy demand, and this change required more than 1–2 days. Thus, the pace of change in digestive organ size may often constrain energy intake and, for birds, retard the pace of their migration.

NATURAL FEEDING OF SLUDGE WORMS (Tubifex sp.) WITH DIFFERENT FEEDING RATE ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF CTENOPOMA (Ctenopoma acutirostre) FISH SEEDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Atilah Setiawan ◽  
Muarif Muarif ◽  
Fia Sri Mumpuni
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Absolute Length ◽  
Test Fish ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The aim of this study was to determine the growth and survival rate of Ctenopoma fish seeds. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment in this study was a different feeding rate using natural feed of Tubifex sp  namely A (8%), B (10%), and C (12%) ). The test fish used was Ctenopoma fish seeds with an initial length of 2.40 ± 0.10 cm and an initial weight of 0.32 ± 0.05 g. Fish seeds are cultivated  for 28 days with feeding frequency twice a day. The results of research showed that the use of different feeding rate had an significantly different (P<0.05) on the specific growth  rate and absolute length growth with the best results in the treatment C. The survival rate was not significantly different between treatments (P>0.05). Key Words: Ctenopoma, feeding rate, growth, survival rate 

Feeding rate and efficiency in an apex soil predator exposed to short-term temperature changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Divya Ramachandran ◽  
Zoë Lindo ◽  
Matthew L. Meehan
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temperature Changes

scholarly journals Behavioral Parameters of Planarians (Girardia tigrina) as Fast Screening, Integrative and Cumulative Biomarkers of Environmental Contamination: Preliminary Results

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Ana M. Córdova López ◽  
Althiéris de Souza Saraiva ◽  
Carlos Gravato ◽  
Amadeu M. V. M. Soares ◽  
Renato Almeida Sarmento
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Total Chloride ◽  
Fast Screening ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
The Impact

The present study aims to use behavioral responses of the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities on the aquatic ecosystem of the watershed Araguaia-Tocantins (Tocantins, Brazil). Behavioral responses are integrative and cumulative tools that reflect changes in energy allocation in organisms. Thus, feeding rate and locomotion velocity (pLMV) were determined to assess the effects induced by the laboratory exposure of adult planarians to water samples collected in the region of Tocantins-Araguaia, identifying the sampling points affected by contaminants. Furthermore, physicochemical and microbiological parameters, as well as the presence of inorganic compounds (dissolved aluminum, total barium, total chloride, dissolved iron, total fluoride, total manganese, nitrates, nitric nitrogen, total sulfate, total zinc) and surfactants, were determined on each specific sampling point. The behavioral biomarkers (feeding rate and pLMV) of the freshwater planarians were significantly decreased when organisms were exposed to water samples from four municipalities (Formoso do Araguaia, Lagoa da Confusão, Gurupi and Porto Nacional), sites of the Tocantins-Araguaia hydrographic region—TAHR. Both behavioral biomarkers decreased up to ~37–39% compared to organisms in ASTM medium only. Our results showed that these behavioral biomarkers can be used for fast screening monitoring of environmental samples of freshwater ecosystems, since a decrease in feeding rate and locomotor activity was observed in sites impacted by anthropogenic activities. However, the absence of effects observed in some sampling points does not represent the absence of contamination, since several other classes of contaminants were not determined. In these negative results, the absence of deleterious effects on behavioral biomarkers might only be indicative that the potential presence of contaminants on such sites does not significantly affect the performance of planarians. This fast screening approach seems to be useful to determine contaminated sites in freshwater ecosystems for biomonitoring purposes. This knowledge will help to develop biomonitoring programs and to decide appropriate sampling sites and analysis.

Delayed tail loss during the invasion of mouse skin by cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
TING WANG ◽  
ZHENG-MING FANG ◽  
JIA-HUI LEI ◽  
FEI GUAN ◽  
WEN-QI LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Density Range ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Tail Loss ◽  
Traditional Assumption

SUMMARYA traditional assumption is that schistosome cercariae lose their tails at the onset of penetration. It has, however, recently been demonstrated that, for Schistosoma mansoni, cercarial tails were not invariably being shed as penetration took place and a high proportion of tails entered human skin under experimental conditions. This phenomenon was termed delayed tail loss (DTL). In this paper, we report that DTL also happens with S. japonicum cercariae during penetration of mouse skin. It occurred at all cercarial densities tested, from as few as 10 cercariae/2·25 cm2 of mouse skin up to 200 cercariae. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that there was a density-dependent increase in DTL as cercarial densities increased. No such density-dependent enhancement was shown for percentage attachment over the same cercarial density range.

scholarly journals Identification of the Rumination in Cattle Using Support Vector Machines with Motion-Sensitive Bolus Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hamilton ◽  
Chris Davison ◽  
Christos Tachtatzis ◽  
Ivan Andonovic ◽  
Craig Michie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Digestive Efficiency ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Motion Energy ◽  
Vector Machines ◽  
First Time ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
Poor Welfare

The reticuloruminal function is central to the digestive efficiency in ruminants. For cattle, collar- and ear tag-based accelerometer monitors have been developed to assess the time spent ruminating on an individual animal. Cattle that are ill feed less and so ruminate less, thus, the estimation of the time spent ruminating provides insights into the health of individual animals. pH boluses directly provide information on the reticuloruminal function within the rumen and extended (three hours or more) periods during which the ruminal pH value remains below 5.6 is an indicator that dysfunction and poor welfare are likely. Accelerometers, incorporated into the pH boluses, have been used to indicate changes in behaviour patterns (high/low activity), utilised to detect the onset of oestrus. The paper demonstrates for the first time that by processing the reticuloruminal motion, it is possible to recover rumination periods. Reticuloruminal motion energy and the time between reticuloruminal contractions are used as inputs to a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to identify rumination periods with an overall accuracy of 86.1%, corroborated by neck mounted rumination collars.

The Application of FEA in High-Speed Cutting

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Lian Qing Ji ◽  
Kun Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Cutting Depth ◽  
High Speed Cutting ◽  
Key Technologies

The history and application of the FEA are briefly presented in this paper. Several key technologies such as the building of material model, the establishment of the chip - tool friction model as well as meshing are described. Taking the high-speed cutting of titanium alloy (Ti - 10V - 2Fe - 3Al) as an example , reasonable cutting tools and cutting parameters are determinted by simulating the influences of cutting speed, cutting depth and feeding rate on the cutting parameters using FEA.

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