Impact of Selective Use of the Synthetic Pyrethroid Fenvalerate on Apple Pests and Natural Enemies in Large-orchard Trials

1985 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Hull ◽  
E. H. Beers ◽  
Robert L. Meagher
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroid ◽  
Apple Pests

Effecl of DDT on Several Apple Pests and Their Natural Enemies

1948 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Clancy ◽  
H. N. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Apple Pests

scholarly journals Comparison of suction and beating tray sampling for apple pests and their natural enemies

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Suckling ◽  
G.M. Burnip ◽  
A.R. Gibb ◽  
F.J.L. Stavely ◽  
S.D. Wratten
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Apple Pests

Evolution of pesticide resistance in apple pests and their natural enemies

Entomophaga ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Tabashnik ◽  
B. A. Croft
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Pesticide Resistance ◽  
Apple Pests

scholarly journals Biological Control of Crucifer Crop Pests and Participatory IPM in Thailand

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1118B-1118
Author(s):  
Brent Rowell ◽  
Nittayaporn Bunsong ◽  
Kosin Satthaporn ◽  
Sompian Phithamma ◽  
Charnnarong Doungsa-ard
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroid ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Local Farmer ◽  
National Training

Larvae of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Ypeunomutidae) and other crucifer pests cause severe economic damage to cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata (Brassicaceae) and related vegetables in Thailand and elsewhere in Southeast Asia. Overuse of pesticides is a serious problem in most vegetable growing areas of the country. Six species of parasitoids were reared from DBM larvae and pupae collected in northern Thailand in 1989–90 and 2003–04. The larval parasitoid Cotesiaplutellae Kurdjumov (Braconidae) appears to be the most important parasitoid of DBM in Thailand; other native or naturalized parasitoids may play supplementary roles. These natural enemies can and should be conserved in well thought out, participatory IPM programs. Field experiments comparing local farmer practice (weekly sprays of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides) to a simple IPM protocol using Bt and neem demonstrated superior control and higher yields of undamaged cabbage from the IPM treatment. This information on DBM parasitoids and other natural enemies of crucifer pests has been developed into a poster and other extension materials currently used in national “training of trainer” (for vegetable IPM) programs throughout Thailand. Farmer-centered IPM programs focused on conservation of local DBM parasitoids and on greater implementation of biological control will help alleviate growing public concerns regarding the effects of pesticides on vegetable growers and consumers.

The Influence of Spray Programs on the Fauna of Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. XIII. Effects of Perthane on Predators

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 928-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Sanford ◽  
F. T. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
Ecological Principles ◽  
Apple Pests

In Nova Scotia, a spray program that integrates chemical and natural control of apple pests has been evolved which is both economical and satisfactory. Among the natural enemies of injurious arthropods that have been favoured by this program are a number of general predators. Further investigation of the ecological principles on which integration is based requires a more intensive knowledge of the factors that influence the densities of these predators. Because of the difficulties of investigating these factors in the orchard, methods of simplifying the predator-prey systems have been sought (Lord, 1956, 1962). These attempts assessed the effects of low dosages of DDT on the interrelationships of phytophagous mites and their natural enemies.

scholarly journals Kaolin particle films suppress many apple pests, disrupt natural enemies and promote woolly apple aphid

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Markó ◽  
L. H. M. Blommers ◽  
S. Bogya ◽  
H. Helsen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Apple Pests

scholarly journals Beyond polyphagy and opportunism: natural prey of hunting spiders in the canopy of apple trees

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9334
Author(s):  
László Mezőfi ◽  
Gábor Markó ◽  
Csaba Nagy ◽  
Dávid Korányi ◽  
Viktor Markó
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Natural Prey ◽  
Prey Composition ◽  
Hunting Spider ◽  
Apple Pests

Spiders (Araneae) form abundant and diverse assemblages in agroecosystems such as fruit orchards, and thus might have an important role as natural enemies of orchard pests. Although spiders are polyphagous and opportunistic predators in general, limited information exists on their natural prey at both species and community levels. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the natural prey (realized trophic niche) of arboreal hunting spiders, their role in trophic webs and their biological control potential with direct observation of predation events in apple orchards. Hunting spiders with prey in their chelicerae were collected in the canopy of apple trees in organic apple orchards in Hungary during the growing seasons between 2013 and 2019 and both spiders and their prey were identified and measured. Among others, the composition of the actual (captured by spiders) and the potential (available in the canopy) prey was compared, trophic niche and food web metrics were calculated, and some morphological, dimensional data of the spider-prey pairs were analyzed. Species-specific differences in prey composition or pest control ability were also discussed. By analyzing a total of 878 prey items captured by spiders, we concluded that arboreal hunting spiders forage selectively and consume a large number of apple pests; however, spiders’ beneficial effects are greatly reduced by their high levels of intraguild predation and by a propensity to switch from pests to alternative prey. In this study, arboreal hunting spiders showed negative selectivity for pests, no selectivity for natural enemies and positive selectivity for neutral species. In the trophic web, the dominant hunting spider taxa/groups (Carrhotus xanthogramma, Philodromus cespitum, Clubiona spp., Ebrechtella tricuspidata, Xysticus spp. and ‘Other salticids’) exhibit different levels of predation on different prey groups and the trophic web’s structure changes depending on the time of year. Hunting spiders show a high functional redundancy in their predation, but contrary to their polyphagous nature, the examined spider taxa showed differences in their natural diet, exhibited a certain degree of prey specialization and selected prey by size and taxonomic identity. Guilds (such as stalkers, ambushers and foliage runners) did not consistently predict either prey composition or predation selectivity of arboreal hunting spider species. From the economic standpoint, Ph. cespitum and Clubiona spp. were found to be the most effective natural enemies of apple pests, especially of aphids. Finally, the trophic niche width of C. xanthogramma and Ph. cespitum increased during ontogeny, resulting in a shift in their predation. These results demonstrate how specific generalist predators can differ from each other in aspects of their predation ecology even within a relatively narrow taxonomic group.

Yellow Brazilian Pepper-tree Leaf Galler (suggested common name) Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Insecta: Hemiptera: Calophyidae: Calophyinae)

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Cuda ◽  
Patricia Prade ◽  
Carey R. Minteer-Killian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Pepper Tree ◽  
Brazilian Pepper ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Tree Leaf

In the late 1970s, Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was targeted for classical biological control in Florida because its invasive properties (see Host Plants) are consistent with escape from natural enemies (Williams 1954), and there are no native Schinus spp. in North America. The lack of native close relatives should minimize the risk of damage to non-target plants from introduced biological control agents (Pemberton 2000). [...]

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