Natural Control Factors Associated with the Jack-Pine Budworm, Choristoneura pinus1

1963 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Dixon ◽  
D. M. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm

scholarly journals A RECENT SPRUCE BUDWORM OUTBREAK IN THE LOWER ST. LAWRENCE AND GASPE PENINSULA WITH REFERENCE TO AERIAL SPRAYING OPERATIONS

1960 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais ◽  
R. Martineau
Keyword(s):  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Insect Abundance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Aerial Spraying ◽  
Eventual Collapse ◽  
Gaspe Peninsula

The main topics discussed in this paper are: the progress of the spruce budworm outbreak in the Lower St. Lawrence - Gaspé regions from 1949 to 1956; the areas sprayed between 1954 and 1958; timing of spray application in relation to insect abundance and development; effects of treatment on spruce budworm populations and on defoliation of balsam fir; results of aerial defoliation surveys and egg surveys; estimated amounts of wood destroyed by the insect, and losses averted through spraying; the various natural control factors associated with the decline and the eventual collapse of the outbreak.

The Effect of Jack-pine Staminate Flowers on the Size of Larvae of the Jack-pine Budworm, Choristoneura sp.

1950 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Lejeune
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm

The jack-pine budworm, Ohoristoneura sp., was first recorded by Graham (5, 6) as a new variety or race on jack pine. Subsequent studies by Graham (6 showed that in the early stages of their development the larvae of this insect prefer jack-pine staminate flowers as a habitat. Population records from Manitoba and northwestern Ontario indicate that infestations of the jack-pine budworm are invariably associated with an abundance of staminate flowers.

NATURAL CONTROL OF THE GREY BANDED LEAF ROLLER EULIA MARIANA FERN, IN NOVA SCOTIA ORCHARDS

1937 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 145-146
Author(s):  
F. C. Gilliatt
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Annapolis Valley ◽  
Orchard Pests

Eulia mariana Fern. was identified in Annapolis Valley orchards about twelve years ago and since has become one of the major orchard pests. Although outbreaks continue to occur, fruit growers should fully appreciate the value of natural control, which in one form or another is always assisting in keeping this insect in check. The various natural control factors may be recorded as follows:(1) Mortality of pupae. (2) Parasites of larvae and pupae. (3) Parasites of eggs. (4) Predators.

Consumption of jack-pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman, by the eastern chipping sparrow, Spizella passerina (Bechstein)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 817-821
Author(s):  
Gary A. Simmons ◽  
Norman F. Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Observation Cage ◽  
Spizella Passerina ◽  
Northern Michigan

Predation by the eastern chipping sparrow, Spizella passerina (Bechstein), on the jack-pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman, was investigated in northern Michigan. Singing-male counts and bird-banding records provided estimates of bird populations, budworm consumption rates were estimated from observation cage results, and budworm populations were estimated from branch sample counts. Average rate of consumption of all life forms of the budworm was 7.8/h per bird and remained nearly the same regardless of the number of life stages of the budworm available. Overall consumption was 3000/acre (7500/ha) for adults, 600/acre (1500/ha) for juveniles, and 300/acre (750/ha) for nestlings over a 22-day feeding period, resulting in 0.92% budworm mortality. Methods of estimating juvenile and nestling consumption of budworm are presented.

Relating jack pine budworm damage to stand inventory variables in northern Michigan

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2180-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah G. McCullough ◽  
Lyle J. Buss ◽  
Larry D. Marshall ◽  
Jari Kouki
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Lake States ◽  
Northern Michigan

Stand-level mortality and top kill from a 1991–1993 jack pine budworm (Choristoneurapinuspinus Freeman) outbreak were surveyed annually in the Raco Plains area of the Hiawatha National Forest in Michigan's Upper Peninsula from 1992 to 1994. Defoliation was visually estimated and percentage of trees killed or top killed was determined in 104 stands. In 1994, tree mortality attributable to the outbreak averaged 8% and 17% of trees had dead tops. Current stand inventory data, including age, site index, basal area, and size, were acquired from the Hiawatha Forest. Stands were grouped on the basis of inventory variables used for jack pine management in the Lake States region of the United States. Differences in tree mortality and top kill between groups, and associations between tree mortality and inventory variables, were evaluated. Tree mortality was greater in overmature stands and in overstocked stands, but stand size had little effect. Contrary to expectations, mortality was lower on poor sites with low site index values than on better sites with higher site index values. Mortality was not related to abundance of open-grown, full-canopied wolf trees or to abundance of trees infected with pine gall rust (Endocronartiumharknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka (=Peridermiumharknessii J.P. Moore)). Amount of top kill was related to defoliation severity and was higher in overmature and understocked stands. Top kill was not strongly associated with amount of tree mortality or with inventory variables.

The effects on small-mammal populations of aerial applications of Bacillus thuringiensis, fenitrothion, and Matacil® used against jack pine budworm in Ontario

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1318-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan G. L. Innes ◽  
James F. Bendell
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm

In late June 1985, both operational and experimental aerial spraying was conducted against an outbreak of jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus) in northern Ontario. We report the effects of the insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis, fenitrothion, and Matacil® on populations of rodents and shrews in young (20 years) and medium-aged (40 years) jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantations. Live, snap, and pitfall traps were used to monitor small-mammal populations from early June to late August on four sprayed plots and two control plots. We found no statistically significant differences in abundances that could be attributed to an insecticide. However, pitfall trapping suggested that the abundance of shrews was altered by the fenitrothion spray. Both the pattern and magnitude of shrew captures was different relative to a control and two other treatment plots. This difference may have resulted from the lack of available prey (arthropods) on the fenitrothion plot. With the exception of fenitrothion, our results agree with other studies which suggest that standard applications of insecticides to control forest insects have no detectable or only limited impact on small mammals.

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