Consumption of jack-pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman, by the eastern chipping sparrow, Spizella passerina (Bechstein)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 817-821
Author(s):  
Gary A. Simmons ◽  
Norman F. Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Observation Cage ◽  
Spizella Passerina ◽  
Northern Michigan

Predation by the eastern chipping sparrow, Spizella passerina (Bechstein), on the jack-pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman, was investigated in northern Michigan. Singing-male counts and bird-banding records provided estimates of bird populations, budworm consumption rates were estimated from observation cage results, and budworm populations were estimated from branch sample counts. Average rate of consumption of all life forms of the budworm was 7.8/h per bird and remained nearly the same regardless of the number of life stages of the budworm available. Overall consumption was 3000/acre (7500/ha) for adults, 600/acre (1500/ha) for juveniles, and 300/acre (750/ha) for nestlings over a 22-day feeding period, resulting in 0.92% budworm mortality. Methods of estimating juvenile and nestling consumption of budworm are presented.

Relating jack pine budworm damage to stand inventory variables in northern Michigan

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2180-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah G. McCullough ◽  
Lyle J. Buss ◽  
Larry D. Marshall ◽  
Jari Kouki
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Lake States ◽  
Northern Michigan

Stand-level mortality and top kill from a 1991–1993 jack pine budworm (Choristoneurapinuspinus Freeman) outbreak were surveyed annually in the Raco Plains area of the Hiawatha National Forest in Michigan's Upper Peninsula from 1992 to 1994. Defoliation was visually estimated and percentage of trees killed or top killed was determined in 104 stands. In 1994, tree mortality attributable to the outbreak averaged 8% and 17% of trees had dead tops. Current stand inventory data, including age, site index, basal area, and size, were acquired from the Hiawatha Forest. Stands were grouped on the basis of inventory variables used for jack pine management in the Lake States region of the United States. Differences in tree mortality and top kill between groups, and associations between tree mortality and inventory variables, were evaluated. Tree mortality was greater in overmature stands and in overstocked stands, but stand size had little effect. Contrary to expectations, mortality was lower on poor sites with low site index values than on better sites with higher site index values. Mortality was not related to abundance of open-grown, full-canopied wolf trees or to abundance of trees infected with pine gall rust (Endocronartiumharknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka (=Peridermiumharknessii J.P. Moore)). Amount of top kill was related to defoliation severity and was higher in overmature and understocked stands. Top kill was not strongly associated with amount of tree mortality or with inventory variables.

The effects on small-mammal populations of aerial applications of Bacillus thuringiensis, fenitrothion, and Matacil® used against jack pine budworm in Ontario

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1318-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan G. L. Innes ◽  
James F. Bendell
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm

In late June 1985, both operational and experimental aerial spraying was conducted against an outbreak of jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus) in northern Ontario. We report the effects of the insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis, fenitrothion, and Matacil® on populations of rodents and shrews in young (20 years) and medium-aged (40 years) jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantations. Live, snap, and pitfall traps were used to monitor small-mammal populations from early June to late August on four sprayed plots and two control plots. We found no statistically significant differences in abundances that could be attributed to an insecticide. However, pitfall trapping suggested that the abundance of shrews was altered by the fenitrothion spray. Both the pattern and magnitude of shrew captures was different relative to a control and two other treatment plots. This difference may have resulted from the lack of available prey (arthropods) on the fenitrothion plot. With the exception of fenitrothion, our results agree with other studies which suggest that standard applications of insecticides to control forest insects have no detectable or only limited impact on small mammals.

Association of within-tree jack pine budworm feeding patterns with canopy level and within-needle variation of water, nutrient, and monoterpene concentrations

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly F Wallin ◽  
Kenneth F Raffa
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus Pinus ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Relative Differences

The possibility that uneven within-tree feeding patterns by jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus pinus Freeman) larvae could be related to underlying variation in host jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) foliar water, nutrient, and monoterpene contents was considered. Choristoneura pinus pinus feeds disproportionately in the upper portion of the canopy and almost exclusively on the basal portions of needles. Within needles, the distribution of water, several nutrients, and monoterpenes varied significantly between the distal and basal sections. Water, nitrogen, sulfur, manganese, and zinc levels occurred in higher concentrations in the distal section of the needle, which would not be predicted based on C. pinus pinus feeding patterns. Phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, and copper were significantly higher in the basal section. Although the latter differences might be predicted based on C. pinus pinus feeding patterns, they were not strong (ranging from 7.8% to 36.4% relative differences, as compared with 10.7%-50.0% relative differences in the former group). By contrast, concentrations of foliar monoterpenes were more strongly associated with known feeding patterns of C. pinus pinus. These relative differences ranged from myrcene (26.8%) to limonene (44.79%). Thus, foliar differences affecting within-needle feeding selection appear more associated with allelochemicals than nutrients or water. In contrast with the within-needle associations between larval feeding and foliar chemistry, no associations between upper and lower canopy foliage were observed. Water, nutrients, and monoterpenes were evenly distributed across the upper and lower canopy locations. Thus, differential feeding between canopy locations cannot be explained by foliar constituents. Rather, it is more likely explained by other environmental factors, such as proximity to and density of reproductive and vegetative shoots.

Infection of the Jack Pine Budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman, with a Nuclear Polyhidrosis Virus of the Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 906-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Stairs
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

A nuclear polyhedrosis virus has been isolated from the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Bergold, 1949; Bird, 1949; Bergold, 1951; Bird and Whalen, 1954; Bird, 1959), but no similar virus has been recovered from the jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus Freeman. Since these two species are very closely related (Smith, 1953) it was of interest to determine if C. pinus is susceptible to the C. fumiferana virus.

scholarly journals The ecological interaction of the mountain pine beetle and jack pine budworm in the boreal forest

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay J. Colgan ◽  
Nadir Erbilgin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus Pinus

As climate change facilitates the range and host expansion of insect species into new ecosystems, the development of newstrategies for managing and preventing biological invasion is receiving considerable interest. In recent years, the range ofthe mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) has expanded from lodgepole pine-dominated forests eastof the Rocky Mountains into lodgepole x jack pine hybrid forest of western Alberta, and may soon invade jack pine forestsof the boreal. Our understanding of factors contributing colonization of jack pine by mountain pine beetle is far fromcomplete and several factors may limit its spread in these forests, including tree resistance and competitors. Among these,the jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus pinus Freeman) is one of the most important insect enemies of jack pine andan outbreak defoliator that potentially weakens jack pine trees, which may make them more susceptible to MPB attacks.To develop effective management strategies in the face of the short-run impacts of climate change, we need an in-depthunderstanding of factors influencing establishment and survival of the beetle in jack pine forests.Key words: Choristoneura pinus pinus, Dendroctonus ponderosae, jack pine, range expansion, invasion biology, climatechange in the boreal forest, conifer-mediated interactions, tree induced defences, tripartite interactions

PARASITISM IN SUSTAINED AND COLLAPSING POPULATIONS OF THE JACK PINE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA PINUS PINUS FREE. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN ONTARIO, 1985–1987

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1065-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Nealis
Keyword(s):  
Population Studies ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus Pinus

AbstractSixteen species of parasitoids were found attacking outbreak and collapsing populations of the jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus pinus Free. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in several plots in northeastern and northwestern Ontario. The patterns of parasitism were similar among widely separated plots with only a few species consistently dominating the parasitoid fauna. The greatest difference in the pattern of parasitism was between sustained and collapsing infestations. Collapsing populations of jack pine bud-worm were associated with relatively high levels of parasitism by Meteorus trachynotus Vier. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Lypha setifacies (West.) (Diptera: Tachinidae) which attacked the late larval stages of the budworm. The results are discussed in comparison with other jack pine budworm studies and with spruce budworm population studies.

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