Food as Fuel: Performance Goals Increase the Consumption of High-Calorie Foods at the Expense of Good Nutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Cornil ◽  
Pierrick Gomez ◽  
Dimitri Vasiljevic
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Poor Nutrition ◽  
Control Failures ◽  
High Calorie

Abstract At work, at school, at the gym club, or even at home, consumers often face challenging situations in which they are motivated to perform their best. This research demonstrates that activating performance goals, whether in cognitive or physical domains, leads to an increase in the consumption of high-calorie foods at the expense of good nutrition. This effect derives from beliefs that the function of food is to provide energy for the body (food as fuel) coupled with poor nutrition literacy, leading consumers to overgeneralize the instrumental role of calories for performance. Indeed, nutrition experts choose very different foods (lower in calorie, higher in nutritional value) than lay consumers in response to performance goals. Also, performance goals no longer increase calorie intake when emphasizing the hedonic function of food (food for pleasure). Hence, while consumer research often interprets the overconsumption of pleasurable and unhealthy high-calorie foods as a consequence of hedonic goals and self-control failures, our research suggests that this overconsumption may also be explained by a maladaptive motivation to manage energy intake.

Red cell volume and blood volume in beef cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Springell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Confounding Effect ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Cell Volumes

Twenty-four steers, comprising British (Herefords and Hereford x Shorthorn crosses), Zebu (Africander), and Zebu cross (British x Brahman or Africander) breeds, were maintained either on pasture or yarded, and fed on diets of a low and a high nutritional value. Blood volumes were determined on five occasions at intervals of 3 months by the 51Cr labelling technique, plasma and red cell volumes being then derived from the venous haematocrit. The blood plasma, and red cell volumes are all very significantly, correlated with, and represent respectively 4.97, 3.27, and 1.70% of, the fasting body weight. To avoid the confounding effect of body weight, the parameters are expressed as "contents", i.e, in terms of volume per kilogram fasting body weight. In the grazing group breed differences were generally absent. This may in part be due to the fact that the Zebu crossbreds belonged mostly to the F2 and partly to the F3 generation. In the yarded group, where F1 crossbreds were compared with British steers, breed differences were more frequent. British steers tended to have higher plasma contents, but lower red cell contents and haematocrits. Nutrition had no effect on plasma contents, but good nutrition was generally associated with higher haematocrits, as well as with elevated blood and red cell contents. Seasonal differences were in evidence, and all parameters generally reached minimal values in winter or spring. The significance of these findings in relation to adaptation to a tropical environment is discussed. The haematocrit does not necessarily reflect changes in the red cell volume. There is also some indication that the water and plasma contents may be related. The possible usefulness of the red cell volume for predicting the body composition is discussed.

scholarly journals Molecular Functionality of Plant Proteins from Low- to High-Solid Systems with Ligand and Co-Solute

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilia Darma Paramita ◽  
Naksit Panyoyai ◽  
Stefan Kasapis
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
Food Retention

In the food industry, proteins are regarded as multifunctional systems whose bioactive hetero-polymeric properties are affected by physicochemical interactions with the surrounding components in formulations. Due to their nutritional value, plant proteins are increasingly considered by the new product developer to provide three-dimensional assemblies of required structure, texture, solubility and interfacial/bulk stability with physical, chemical or enzymatic treatment. This molecular flexibility allows them to form systems for the preservation of fresh food, retention of good nutrition and interaction with a range of microconstituents. While, animal- and milk-based proteins have been widely discussed in the literature, the role of plant proteins in the development of functional foods with enhanced nutritional profile and targeted physiological effects can be further explored. This review aims to look into the molecular functionality of plant proteins in relation to the transport of bioactive ingredients and interaction with other ligands and proteins. In doing so, it will consider preparations from low- to high-solids and the effect of structural transformation via gelation, phase separation and vitrification on protein functionality as a delivery vehicle or heterologous complex. Applications for the design of novel functional foods and nutraceuticals will also be discussed.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENDAPATAN, PENGETAHUAN GIZI IBU DENGAN KETERSEDIAAN IKAN TINGKAT RUMAH TANGGA DAERAH PERKOTAAN

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Indriana ◽  
Laksmi Widajanti
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Good Nutrition

ABSTRACT Background: The role of fish as nutrients source is very important because fish contains nutrients that to be required the body. Many markets in the city that prepare daily consumption should not become barrier for serving fish dish in family menu. Moreover Semarang city is harbour city; the fish is easy to be accessed in Semarang. But until this time role of fish in consumption of traditional food is rare because apart of population less recognize the advantage of fish. The objective of this study is to analize the relationship between income, mother's nutrition knowledge and fish stock at household level. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted to 75 mothers who be educated minimal the end of high school in Jagalan house of village-head, district of Center Semarang, Semarang city, taken by systematic random sampling. Data analyzing with Spearman correlation test. Result: Income/capita/month from mother/household ranged between Rp 99.000,00 until Rp 937.000,00. Stage of income/capita/month that more than equal with Regional Minimum Commision is 16%, less than Regional Minimum Commision is 84%. Score of mother's nutrition knowledge ranged between 50,0 until 100,0 with rate was 83,5. For category of good nutrition knowledge, the percentage is 66,7%, enough category 30,7% and less category 2,7%. For fish stock in household ranged between 0-1 times/day. For category of less stock as much as 29,3%, enough category 53,3% and good category 17,3%. Correlation coefficient for income/capita/month was 0,284 (ρ value 0,014). For mother's nutrition knowledge, correlation coefficient was 0,466 (ρ value 0,000). Conclusion: The higher mother’s Income/capita/month and nutrition knowledge, the higher fish stock in household. Keyword: Income, nutrition knowledge, mother, fish stock, household. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Peranan ikan sebagai bahan penyedia gizi sangatlah penting karena ikan mengandung zat-zat gizi yang sangat dibutuhkan tubuh. Banyaknya pasar di Kota Semarang yang menyediakan kebutuhan sehari-hari, seharusnya sudah bukan merupakan halangan untuk penyajian hidangan ikan dalam menu keluarga. Apalagi Kota Semarang merupakan kota pelabuhan, ikan mudah didapatkan. Namun sampai saat ini peran ikan dalam konsumsi pangan tradisional masih kecil karena sebagian penduduk kurang mengenal manfaat ikan. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis hubungan pendapatan, pengetahuan gizi ibu dengan ketersediaan ikan di tingkat rumah tangga. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian survei masyarakat, jenis penelitian analitik, pendekatan waktu cross sectional. Pelaksanaan penelitian bulan September-Oktober 2004. Analisis data dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Populasi adalah ibu yang berpendidikan minimal tamat SLTA di Kelurahan Jagalan, Kecamatan Semarang Tengah, Kota Semarang (305 orang) dengan sampel sebanyak 75 orang. Hasil: Pendapatan/kapita/bulan ibu/rumah tangga bervariasi dari Rp 99.000,00 - Rp 937.000,00. Tingkat pendapatan/kapita/bulan yang >UMR persentasenya 16%, yang <UMR 84%. Nilai pengetahuan gizi ibu tentang ikan berkisar antara 50,0-100,0 dengan nilai rata-rata 83,5. Untuk kategori pengetahuan gizi baik, persentasenya 66,7%, kategori cukup 30,7% dan kategori kurang 2,7%. Untuk ketersediaan ikan tingkat rumah tangga, berkisar antara 0-1 kali/hari. Untuk kategori ketersediaan kurang ada 29,3%, kategori cukup 53,3% dan kategori baik 17,3%. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman untuk pendapatan/kapita/bulan diperoleh nilai rs=0,284 (p=0,014). Untuk pengetahuan gizi ibu tentang ikan diperoleh nilai rs=0,466 (p=0,000). Simpulan: Semakin tinggi pendapatan/kapita/bulan dan pengetahuan gizi ibu tentang ikan akan makin tinggi ketersediaan ikan di rumah tangga Kata kunci: Pendapatan, pengetahuan gizi, ibu, ketersediaan ikan, rumah tanggaPermalink: http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jgi/article/view/3240

scholarly journals The dynamics of self-control: within-participant modeling of binary food choices and underlying decision processes as a function of restrained eating

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 1777-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Georgii ◽  
Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck ◽  
Anna Richard ◽  
Zoé Van Dyck ◽  
Jens Blechert
Keyword(s):  
Food Choice ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Restrained Eaters ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Independent Replication ◽  
High Calorie

Abstract Successful self-control during food choice might require inhibition of impulses to avoid indulging in tempting but calorie-dense foods, and this might particularly apply to individuals restraining their food intake. Adopting a novel within-participant modeling approach, we tested 62 females during a mouse-tracking based binary food choice task. Subsequent ratings of foods on palatability, healthiness, and calorie density were modeled as predictors for both decision outcome (choice) and decision process (measures of self-control conflict) while considering the moderating role of restrained eating. Results revealed that individuals higher on restrained eating were less likely to choose more high-calorie foods and showed less self-control conflict when choosing healthier foods. The latter finding is in contrast with the common assumption of self-control as requiring effortful and conscious inhibition of temptation impulses. Interestingly, restrained eaters rated healthy and low-calorie foods as more palatable than individuals with lower restrained eating scores, both in the main experiment and an independent replication study, hinting at an automatic and rather effortless mechanism of self-control (palatability shift) that obviates effortful inhibition of temptation impulses.

scholarly journals Nutrition and immunity: lessons for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Older People ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Poor Nutrition ◽  
Inflammatory Component

AbstractThe role of the immune system is to protect the individual against pathogenic organisms. Nutrition is one of multiple factors that determines the immune response and good nutrition is important in supporting the immune response. Immunity can be impaired in older people, particularly those who are frail, in those living with obesity, in those who are malnourished and in those with low intakes of micronutrients. The immune impairments associated with nutritional inadequacy increase susceptibility to infection and permit infections to become more severe, even fatal. The adverse impact of poor nutrition on the immune system, including its inflammatory component, may be one of the explanations for the higher risk of more severe outcomes from infection with SARS-CoV-2 seen in older people and in those living with obesity. Studies of individual micronutrients including vitamin D and zinc suggest roles in reducing severity of infection with SARS-CoV-2. Good nutrition is also important in promoting a diverse gut microbiota, which in turn supports the immune system. The importance of nutrition in supporting the immune response also applies to assuring robust responses to vaccination. There are many lessons from the study of nutrition and immunity that are relevant for the battle with SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Mangan Linjo “Kademangan Lingkungan Ijo” Upaya Menekan Angka Stunting dengan Budaya Konsumsi Sayur Organik di RW 04 RT 02 Kelurahan Kademangan Kota Probolinggo

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Veronica Sri Astuti N.
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Organic Vegetables ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Poor Nutrition

Communities in Kademangan Village precisely in RW 04 RT 02, are still among those who are less concerned about healthy eating patterns. They still ignore the importance of the intake of nutrients needed by the body. Poor nutrition can lead to various health problems, one of which is stunting Stunting is a condition of growth failure in children (body and brain growth) due to malnutrition for a long time. Thus, children are shorter than normal children their age and have a delay in thinking. Malnutrition in a long time that occurs from the fetus in the womb until the beginning of the child's life (First 1000 Days of Birth). For this reason, community service activities by Panca Marga University Probolinggo 2019 KKN students are realized by realizing the "Mangan Linjo" program, which is an abbreviation of the Ijo Kademangan Lingkungan. The "Mangan Linjo" program aims to help the community in Kademangan Village to build a green environment containing 180 organic polybags. The method used is to directly involve the local community during the activity, so that in addition to getting an appeal, this program physically facilitates the community to get organic vegetables easily and cheaply. With this program, the community is aware of the importance of good nutrition through the use of organic vegetables and makes this program a sustainable program after feeling the benefits Keywords: Kademangan Village, Diet, organic vegetable plants

scholarly journals The Multiple Causes of Obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indu Saxena ◽  
Suwarna Suman ◽  
Amar Preet Kaur ◽  
Abhilasha ◽  
Prasenjit Mitra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Calorie Expenditure

Obesity is known to cause physical and metabolic diseases. It is often assumed by people (including the healthcare workers) that the person with obesity lacks self-control in matters of diet and physical exercise, and is therefore responsible for his or her weight. Persons with obesity have to face sarcasm, barbs, and discrimination due to their condition. They often have difficulty in getting jobs or have to accept lower than standard pay for their work. Although weight gain requires calorie intake in excess of calorie expenditure, it is sometimes not easy for the person to restrict calories due to the underlying causes of obesity. The body resists losing weight, and attempts to hoard calories by reducing the metabolic rate. In this chapter we have explained and classified the causes of obesity into endogenous and exogenous. The endogenous causes include genetic and epigenetic causes, maternal factors, and hormonal causes, while exogenous causes include obesogenic environment, lifestyle, and weight-gain promoting medicines. It must be realized that losing weight and keeping it off is not easy for a person with obesity.

scholarly journals Changes in the nutritional structure of the population of Russia for 100 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Burlyaeva ◽  
A. O. Kambarov ◽  
D. B. Nikityuk
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Good Nutrition

Background. In recent years, great importance has been given to preserving and strengthening the health of the population, the role of disease prevention and formation of a healthy lifestyle, including the formation of a culture of healthy nutrition of the population. With the aim to study changes in nutrition of the Russian population over the past 100 years, we have conducted a nutrition assessment based on statistical data. The results obtained indicate significant changes in the quantitative composition of the main groups of products consumed by the population of Russia. The structure of the diet indicates significant deviations from the recommendations on rational food consumption standards that meet modern requirements for a healthy diet. There is a lack of consumption of potatoes, vegetables, fruits, milk and dairy products, eggs, which are a source of essential nutrients for the body proteins, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals. At the same time, over the past hundred years, there has been a significant, even excessive, increase in the consumption of meat products and sugar. Conclusion. Good nutrition largely determines the quality of life and health indicators of the nation.

Role of Vitamins in Biotransformation for Human Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Deniz Köse ◽  
Büsra Ak ◽  
Eylem Atak ◽  
Oguz Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regioselective Functionalization

Objective: Vitamins are nutraceutical groups involved in important processes that provide energy production, strengthening the immune system, fighting free radicals, the production of red blood cells. Biotransformation is a process involving the use of biological agents as catalysts to perform the transformation of chemical compounds. Biotransformation processes offer advantages as high regioselectivity, stereospecificity, and mild operating conditions when compared to chemical reactions. In most cases, the aim of using biotransformation is to introduce chirality into a molecule, to achieve a regioselective functionalization or to selectively convert a functional group among other groups with similar reactivity. The biotransformation of vitamins can be defined as the sum of the processes by which vitamins are altered by the biological reactions in the body. Biotransformation leading to a new way of synthesis of vitamins has recently been studied. In the literature, there are various studies about using vitamins as nutraceuticals. Methods: The role of vitamins in the biotransformation can be diversified. They can be a source or final product in the biotransformation. In the present study, various roles of vitamins in the biotransformation were explained. Results: When it is compared with traditional methods, obtained data showed that with biotransformation properties such as; activity of the vitamins, nutritional value of the food and productivity of the process were increased. Conclusion: Even though the biotransformation of vitamins has been studied, there is no review paper about the biotransformation of vitamins and their benefits. In this review, the biotransformation of vitamins and vitamins that are used in the biotransformation were mentioned.

scholarly journals Strategic ignorance of health risk: its causes and policy consequences

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONAS NORDSTRÖM ◽  
LINDA THUNSTRÖM ◽  
KLAAS VAN ’T VELD ◽  
JASON F. SHOGREN ◽  
MARIAH EHMKE
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Willful Ignorance ◽  
Calorie Content ◽  
Motivating Factor ◽  
High Calorie ◽  
Strategic Ignorance

Abstract We examine the causes and policy implications of strategic (willful) ignorance of risk as an excuse to over-engage in risky health behavior. In an experiment on Copenhagen adults, we allow subjects to choose whether to learn the calorie content of a meal before consuming it and then measure their subsequent calorie intake. Consistent with previous studies, we find strong evidence of strategic ignorance: 46% of subjects choose to ignore calorie information, and these subjects subsequently consume more calories on average than they would have had they been informed. While previous studies have focused on self-control as the motivating factor for strategic ignorance of calorie information, we find that ignorance in our study is instead motivated by optimal expectations – subjects choose ignorance so that they can downplay the probability of their preferred meal being high-calorie. We discuss how the motivation matters to policy. Further, we find that the prevalence of strategic ignorance largely negates the effects of calorie information provision: on average, subjects who have the option to ignore calorie information consume the same number of calories as subjects who are provided no information.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document