scholarly journals 443 Impact of ergot alkaloids fed during gestation on fetal growth and subsequent postnatal growth in ewe lambs.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
J Britt ◽  
S Adams ◽  
M Miller ◽  
C Kojima ◽  
J Andrae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Ewe Lambs

scholarly journals Feeding Tall Fescue Seed during Mid and Late Gestation Influences Subsequent Postnatal Growth, Puberty, and Carcass Quality of Offspring

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1859
Author(s):  
Maslyn A. Greene ◽  
Jessica L. Britt ◽  
J. Keith Bertrand ◽  
James L. Klotz ◽  
William Bridges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Semimembranosus Muscle

Weaned lambs (n = 82), born to ewes fed endophyte-free (E−) or endophyte-infected (E+; 1.77 mg hd−1 d−1 ergovaline + ergovalinine) tall fescue seed from d 35 to 85 of gestation (MID) and/or d 86 of gestation to parturition (LATE), were used to examine how ergot alkaloid exposure during fetal development altered subsequent puberty attainment or carcass quality. Lambs were weaned at 75 d of age and separated by sex to assess puberty in ewe lambs (n = 39) and to evaluate growth, carcass and meat quality in wethers (n = 43). Data were analyzed with maternal fescue treatment, stage of gestation, and two-way interaction in the model. Age at puberty tended (P = 0.06) to be longer for ewe lambs born to dams fed E+ fescue during LATE gestation versus those fed E−. Post-weaning average daily gain tended to be higher (P = 0.07) for wether lambs born to dams fed E+ fescue seed during MID gestation compared to E−. Exposure to ergot alkaloids during fetal growth altered (P < 0.10) longissimus muscle weight and color, lipid deposition, fatty acid composition, and shear force values of semimembranosus muscle in wether lambs. These results indicate that exposure to ergot alkaloids in utero does alter subsequent post-weaning puberty attainment and body composition in offspring.

scholarly journals Swedish intrauterine growth reference ranges for estimated fetal weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Lindström ◽  
Mårten Ageheim ◽  
Ove Axelsson ◽  
Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb ◽  
Alkistis Skalkidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Hierarchical Regression Model ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Estimate Fetal Weight ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

AbstractFetal growth restriction is a strong risk factor for perinatal morbidity and mortality. Reliable standards are indispensable, both to assess fetal growth and to evaluate birthweight and early postnatal growth in infants born preterm. The aim of this study was to create updated Swedish reference ranges for estimated fetal weight (EFW) from gestational week 12–42. This prospective longitudinal multicentre study included 583 women without known conditions causing aberrant fetal growth. Each woman was assigned a randomly selected protocol of five ultrasound scans from gestational week 12 + 3 to 41 + 6. Hadlock’s 3rd formula was used to estimate fetal weight. A two-level hierarchical regression model was employed to calculate the expected median and variance, expressed in standard deviations and percentiles, for EFW. EFW was higher for males than females. The reference ranges were compared with the presently used Swedish, and international reference ranges. Our reference ranges had higher EFW than the presently used Swedish reference ranges from gestational week 33, and higher median, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles from gestational week 24 compared with INTERGROWTH-21st. The new reference ranges can be used both for assessment of intrauterine fetal weight and growth, and early postnatal growth in children born preterm.

scholarly journals The Presence of the d3-Growth Hormone Receptor Polymorphism Is Negatively Associated with Fetal Growth but Positively Associated with Postnatal Growth in Healthy Subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 2758-2763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke Beck Jensen ◽  
Signe Vielwerth ◽  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Gorm Greisen ◽  
Henrik Leffers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Ghr Gene

Abstract Context: A common polymorphism in the GH receptor (GHR) gene has been linked to increased growth response in GH-treated patients. No former study has focused on the association to prenatal growth. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the d3-GHR isoforms and spontaneous pre- and postnatal growth. Design: A prospective study was conducted on third-trimester fetal growth velocity (FGV), birth weight, birth length, and postnatal growth. Setting: The study was conducted at Copenhagen University Hospital. Participants: A total of 115 healthy adolescents were divided into those born small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age with or without intrauterine growth restriction. Main Outcome Measures: FGV was measured by serial ultrasonography, birth weight, birth length, and adolescent height. Isoforms of the d3-GHR gene (fl/fl, d3/fl, and d3/d3) were determined. Results: The prevalence of the d3-GHR isoforms was 50% but differed among the groups (P = 0.006), with a high prevalence (88%) in the group born SGA with verified intrauterine growth restriction. The d3-GRH allele were associated with decreased third-trimester FGV (P = 0.05) in SGA subjects. In the entire cohort, carriers of the d3-GHR allele had a significantly increased height (−0.10 vs. 0.34 sd score; P = 0.017) and change in height from birth to adolescence compared with carriers of the full-length GHR allele (0.57 vs. −0.02 sd score; P = 0.005). Conclusions: This study showed an increased spontaneous postnatal growth velocity in the carriers of the d3-GHR allele. Interestingly, we found the opposite effect on prenatal growth in the SGA group, with a decreased FGV in carriers of the d3-GHR allele.

159 EFFECTS OF EMBRYO TRANSFER IN A LARGER BREED ON POSTNATAL GROWTH AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN HORSES

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
P. Peugnet ◽  
A. Tarrade ◽  
C. Sandersen ◽  
M. Dahirel ◽  
D. Guillaume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Clearance

In equids, the size of the uterus determines fetal intrauterine development, which in turn affects postnatal insulin sensitivity and growth rate. We induced intrauterine growth enhancement through embryo transfer using Pony (P), Saddlebred (S), and Draft (D) horses and studied growth and insulin sensitivity in foals from birth to one year of age. Control pregnancies of S-in-S (n = 14) and P-in-P (n = 10) were obtained by AI. Enhanced fetal growth was obtained by transferring S (S-in-D, n = 7) and P embryos (P-in-D, n = 5) into D mares. From birth to weaning (180 days), each foal was kept with its surrogate P, S, or D dam. At 3, 140, and 380 days, glucose clearance and pancreatic beta cell response to exogenous glucose were assessed with an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). At 200 days, the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp method was used to determine the sensitivity and responsiveness of tissues to exogenous insulin. Plasma T3, T4, and IGF1 were assayed at 3 and 180 days. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. S-in-S were heavier and taller than P-in-P from birth to 380 days (P < 0.001). Before weaning, plasma concentrations of several hormones involved in growth were lower in S-in-S than P-in-P (at 3 and 180 days, respectively, T3: P = 0.08 and P = 0.02, T4: P < 0.001 and P = 0.06, IGF1: P = 0.04 and P < 0.001). No difference was found in glucose regulation between these groups. In contrast, post-weaning insulin resistance was observed in P-in-P at 200 days (P < 0.001) and confirmed at 380 days where they exhibited slower glucose clearance (P = 0.03) associated with higher fasting glucose (P < 0.001) than S-in-S. Fetal growth was not enhanced in S-in-D with no difference in height and weight at birth. Although S-in-D grew faster from 30 to 140 days, growth rates were not different from S-in-S after weaning, weaning coinciding with lower T3 (P < 0.001) in S-in-D than in S-in-S. Glucose regulation was not different between the two groups, but insulin remains to be assayed at 140 and 380 days. Fetal growth was enhanced in P-in-D: at birth, they were heavier (P = 0.01) and taller (P < 0.001) than P-in-P. Growth of P-in-D was faster until weaning. No more difference, however, was observed between P-in-D and P-in-P at 380 days. Plasma concentrations of T3 (P = 0.03) and those of T4 (P < 0.001) were lower at 3 days and T3 was still lower at 180 days (P < 0.001) in P-in-D compared with P-in-P. Moreover, P-in-D developed early insulin resistance: insulin secretion was higher in P-in-D compared with P-in-P (P = 0.002) after IVGTT at 3 days. At 200 days, however, P-in-D and P-in-P had the same sensitivity to insulin. There was no difference in glucose clearance rates at 380 days, but P-in-D had lower fasting glucose (P < 0.001) than P-in-P. Insulin assays at 140 and 380 days are pending. In conclusion, these data indicate that transfer of a small breed embryo into a large breed mare and subsequent suckling by the recipient mare can enhance fetal and postnatal growth and affect the foal’s glycaemia and sensitivity to insulin at birth and in subsequent months. Ongoing work includes analyses of milk samples and effects on general health.

scholarly journals The transition from fetal growth restriction to accelerated postnatal growth: a potential role for insulin signalling in skeletal muscle

2009 ◽  
Vol 587 (17) ◽  
pp. 4199-4211 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Muhlhausler ◽  
J. A. Duffield ◽  
S. E. Ozanne ◽  
C. Pilgrim ◽  
N. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Growth Restriction

scholarly journals Exposure to ergot alkaloids during gestation reduces fetal growth in sheep

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan K. Duckett ◽  
John G. Andrae ◽  
Scott L. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids

scholarly journals OC15.08: The association between fetal growth velocities and postnatal growth during the first five years after birth

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (S1) ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
M. Hendrix ◽  
M.E. Kuin ◽  
S. Kuijk ◽  
W.J. Gerver ◽  
F.J. Feron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Postnatal Growth

Child and adolescent growth

2011 ◽  
pp. 989-1006
Author(s):  
Gary Butler
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Maternal Size ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Endocrine Disturbances ◽  
Number Of Factors

The growth of a human being from a single cell to a fully mature individual is a remarkable process and something that is subject to a large number of influences across the whole growth period. Growth before birth is actually the most rapid and probably the least understood phase, but a detailed description of antenatal events is beyond this chapter. Size at birth, however, is dependent on a number of factors, primarily maternal, in particular the wellbeing of the fetoplacental unit and its level of functioning. This unit is markedly affected in maternal undernutrition, which translates into significant deleterious effects on fetal growth. Probably as important as placental function is maternal size. Small maternal size will constrain growth even when the fetus is potentially of a genetically large size. Lastly, fetal factors are important themselves. Genetic or endocrine disturbances may constrain fetal growth, but these are secondary to maternal effects. In paediatric practice we are concerned about postnatal growth. It is useful to think of growth in three separate phases: infancy, childhood, and puberty (1). The infancy phase is largely nutrition dependent and lasts for 1–2 years. After this, the childhood phase, which is predominantly growth hormone-driven takes over, and continues until the pubertal or adolescent phase. This final phase is under the influence of the sex steroids and the speed of this phase determines the timing and rate of acceleration of the pubertal growth spurt, and the cessation of growth. It is very helpful to consider the different influences on each phase when presented with the diagnostic challenge of a child with abnormal growth (2).

‘Postnatal growth during the first five years of life in SGA and AGA neonates with reduced fetal growth’

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 105199
Author(s):  
M.L.E. Hendrix ◽  
S.M.J. van Kuijk ◽  
S.E. El Bahaey ◽  
W.J.M. Gerver ◽  
F.J.M. Feron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Postnatal Growth
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