scholarly journals Fetal growth, early postnatal growth and motor development in Pakistani infants

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
YB Cheung ◽  
PSF Yip ◽  
JPE Karlberg
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Postnatal Growth

scholarly journals Swedish intrauterine growth reference ranges for estimated fetal weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Lindström ◽  
Mårten Ageheim ◽  
Ove Axelsson ◽  
Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb ◽  
Alkistis Skalkidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Hierarchical Regression Model ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Estimate Fetal Weight ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

AbstractFetal growth restriction is a strong risk factor for perinatal morbidity and mortality. Reliable standards are indispensable, both to assess fetal growth and to evaluate birthweight and early postnatal growth in infants born preterm. The aim of this study was to create updated Swedish reference ranges for estimated fetal weight (EFW) from gestational week 12–42. This prospective longitudinal multicentre study included 583 women without known conditions causing aberrant fetal growth. Each woman was assigned a randomly selected protocol of five ultrasound scans from gestational week 12 + 3 to 41 + 6. Hadlock’s 3rd formula was used to estimate fetal weight. A two-level hierarchical regression model was employed to calculate the expected median and variance, expressed in standard deviations and percentiles, for EFW. EFW was higher for males than females. The reference ranges were compared with the presently used Swedish, and international reference ranges. Our reference ranges had higher EFW than the presently used Swedish reference ranges from gestational week 33, and higher median, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles from gestational week 24 compared with INTERGROWTH-21st. The new reference ranges can be used both for assessment of intrauterine fetal weight and growth, and early postnatal growth in children born preterm.

scholarly journals The Presence of the d3-Growth Hormone Receptor Polymorphism Is Negatively Associated with Fetal Growth but Positively Associated with Postnatal Growth in Healthy Subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 2758-2763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke Beck Jensen ◽  
Signe Vielwerth ◽  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Gorm Greisen ◽  
Henrik Leffers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Ghr Gene

Abstract Context: A common polymorphism in the GH receptor (GHR) gene has been linked to increased growth response in GH-treated patients. No former study has focused on the association to prenatal growth. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the d3-GHR isoforms and spontaneous pre- and postnatal growth. Design: A prospective study was conducted on third-trimester fetal growth velocity (FGV), birth weight, birth length, and postnatal growth. Setting: The study was conducted at Copenhagen University Hospital. Participants: A total of 115 healthy adolescents were divided into those born small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age with or without intrauterine growth restriction. Main Outcome Measures: FGV was measured by serial ultrasonography, birth weight, birth length, and adolescent height. Isoforms of the d3-GHR gene (fl/fl, d3/fl, and d3/d3) were determined. Results: The prevalence of the d3-GHR isoforms was 50% but differed among the groups (P = 0.006), with a high prevalence (88%) in the group born SGA with verified intrauterine growth restriction. The d3-GRH allele were associated with decreased third-trimester FGV (P = 0.05) in SGA subjects. In the entire cohort, carriers of the d3-GHR allele had a significantly increased height (−0.10 vs. 0.34 sd score; P = 0.017) and change in height from birth to adolescence compared with carriers of the full-length GHR allele (0.57 vs. −0.02 sd score; P = 0.005). Conclusions: This study showed an increased spontaneous postnatal growth velocity in the carriers of the d3-GHR allele. Interestingly, we found the opposite effect on prenatal growth in the SGA group, with a decreased FGV in carriers of the d3-GHR allele.

159 EFFECTS OF EMBRYO TRANSFER IN A LARGER BREED ON POSTNATAL GROWTH AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN HORSES

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
P. Peugnet ◽  
A. Tarrade ◽  
C. Sandersen ◽  
M. Dahirel ◽  
D. Guillaume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Clearance

In equids, the size of the uterus determines fetal intrauterine development, which in turn affects postnatal insulin sensitivity and growth rate. We induced intrauterine growth enhancement through embryo transfer using Pony (P), Saddlebred (S), and Draft (D) horses and studied growth and insulin sensitivity in foals from birth to one year of age. Control pregnancies of S-in-S (n = 14) and P-in-P (n = 10) were obtained by AI. Enhanced fetal growth was obtained by transferring S (S-in-D, n = 7) and P embryos (P-in-D, n = 5) into D mares. From birth to weaning (180 days), each foal was kept with its surrogate P, S, or D dam. At 3, 140, and 380 days, glucose clearance and pancreatic beta cell response to exogenous glucose were assessed with an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). At 200 days, the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp method was used to determine the sensitivity and responsiveness of tissues to exogenous insulin. Plasma T3, T4, and IGF1 were assayed at 3 and 180 days. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. S-in-S were heavier and taller than P-in-P from birth to 380 days (P < 0.001). Before weaning, plasma concentrations of several hormones involved in growth were lower in S-in-S than P-in-P (at 3 and 180 days, respectively, T3: P = 0.08 and P = 0.02, T4: P < 0.001 and P = 0.06, IGF1: P = 0.04 and P < 0.001). No difference was found in glucose regulation between these groups. In contrast, post-weaning insulin resistance was observed in P-in-P at 200 days (P < 0.001) and confirmed at 380 days where they exhibited slower glucose clearance (P = 0.03) associated with higher fasting glucose (P < 0.001) than S-in-S. Fetal growth was not enhanced in S-in-D with no difference in height and weight at birth. Although S-in-D grew faster from 30 to 140 days, growth rates were not different from S-in-S after weaning, weaning coinciding with lower T3 (P < 0.001) in S-in-D than in S-in-S. Glucose regulation was not different between the two groups, but insulin remains to be assayed at 140 and 380 days. Fetal growth was enhanced in P-in-D: at birth, they were heavier (P = 0.01) and taller (P < 0.001) than P-in-P. Growth of P-in-D was faster until weaning. No more difference, however, was observed between P-in-D and P-in-P at 380 days. Plasma concentrations of T3 (P = 0.03) and those of T4 (P < 0.001) were lower at 3 days and T3 was still lower at 180 days (P < 0.001) in P-in-D compared with P-in-P. Moreover, P-in-D developed early insulin resistance: insulin secretion was higher in P-in-D compared with P-in-P (P = 0.002) after IVGTT at 3 days. At 200 days, however, P-in-D and P-in-P had the same sensitivity to insulin. There was no difference in glucose clearance rates at 380 days, but P-in-D had lower fasting glucose (P < 0.001) than P-in-P. Insulin assays at 140 and 380 days are pending. In conclusion, these data indicate that transfer of a small breed embryo into a large breed mare and subsequent suckling by the recipient mare can enhance fetal and postnatal growth and affect the foal’s glycaemia and sensitivity to insulin at birth and in subsequent months. Ongoing work includes analyses of milk samples and effects on general health.

scholarly journals The transition from fetal growth restriction to accelerated postnatal growth: a potential role for insulin signalling in skeletal muscle

2009 ◽  
Vol 587 (17) ◽  
pp. 4199-4211 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Muhlhausler ◽  
J. A. Duffield ◽  
S. E. Ozanne ◽  
C. Pilgrim ◽  
N. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Growth Restriction

scholarly journals OC15.08: The association between fetal growth velocities and postnatal growth during the first five years after birth

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (S1) ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
M. Hendrix ◽  
M.E. Kuin ◽  
S. Kuijk ◽  
W.J. Gerver ◽  
F.J. Feron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Postnatal Growth

Child and adolescent growth

2011 ◽  
pp. 989-1006
Author(s):  
Gary Butler
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Maternal Size ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Endocrine Disturbances ◽  
Number Of Factors

The growth of a human being from a single cell to a fully mature individual is a remarkable process and something that is subject to a large number of influences across the whole growth period. Growth before birth is actually the most rapid and probably the least understood phase, but a detailed description of antenatal events is beyond this chapter. Size at birth, however, is dependent on a number of factors, primarily maternal, in particular the wellbeing of the fetoplacental unit and its level of functioning. This unit is markedly affected in maternal undernutrition, which translates into significant deleterious effects on fetal growth. Probably as important as placental function is maternal size. Small maternal size will constrain growth even when the fetus is potentially of a genetically large size. Lastly, fetal factors are important themselves. Genetic or endocrine disturbances may constrain fetal growth, but these are secondary to maternal effects. In paediatric practice we are concerned about postnatal growth. It is useful to think of growth in three separate phases: infancy, childhood, and puberty (1). The infancy phase is largely nutrition dependent and lasts for 1–2 years. After this, the childhood phase, which is predominantly growth hormone-driven takes over, and continues until the pubertal or adolescent phase. This final phase is under the influence of the sex steroids and the speed of this phase determines the timing and rate of acceleration of the pubertal growth spurt, and the cessation of growth. It is very helpful to consider the different influences on each phase when presented with the diagnostic challenge of a child with abnormal growth (2).

‘Postnatal growth during the first five years of life in SGA and AGA neonates with reduced fetal growth’

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 105199
Author(s):  
M.L.E. Hendrix ◽  
S.M.J. van Kuijk ◽  
S.E. El Bahaey ◽  
W.J.M. Gerver ◽  
F.J.M. Feron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Postnatal Growth

Fetal growth and postnatal growth failure in very-low-birthweight infants

2007 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyla-Anna Marks ◽  
Brian Reichman ◽  
Ayala Lusky ◽  
Ehud Zmora ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Very Low Birthweight ◽  
Very Low Birthweight Infants ◽  
Postnatal Growth Failure

The Birmingham Registry for Twin and Heritability Studies (BiRTHS)

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 907-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth E. Krone ◽  
Andrew K. Ewer ◽  
Timothy G. Barrett ◽  
Robert J. Moy ◽  
Shagaf Bakour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Prospective Study Design

AbstractIn this article we present the protocol of the Birmingham Registry for Twin Heritability Studies (BiRTHS), which aims to establish a long-term prospective twin registry with twins identified from the antenatal period and subjected to detailed follow-up. We plan to investigate the concordance in anthropo-metrics and early childhood phenotypes between 66 monozygotic and 154 dizygotic twin pairs in the first 2 years of recruitment. In this project we plan to determine the relative contributions of heritability and environment to fetal growth, birth size, growth in infancy and development up to 2 years of age in an ethnically mixed population. Twins will be assessed with the Griffitth's Mental Development Scales, which will enable us to obtain detailed information on development. As maternal depression may have an effect on the twins' neurodevelopment, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale will be used at various stages during pregnancy and after delivery to assess maternal depressive symptoms. The increasing prevalence of obesity in both adults and children has raised concerns about the effect of maternal obesity in pregnancy on fetal growth. The prospective study design gives us the opportunity to obtain data on maternal nutrition (reflected by body mass index) and ante- and postnatal growth and development of twins.

scholarly journals Fetal growth restriction shortens cardiac telomere length, but this is attenuated by exercise in early life

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 956-963
Author(s):  
S. A. Booth ◽  
G. D. Wadley ◽  
F. Z. Marques ◽  
M. E. Wlodek ◽  
F. J. Charchar
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Early Exercise

Background and aims: Fetal and postnatal growth restriction cause a predisposition to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. Telomeres are repetitive DNA-protein structures that protect chromosome ends, and the loss of these repeats (a reduction in telomere length) is associated with CVD. As exercise preserves telomere length and cardiovascular health, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of growth restriction and exercise training on cardiac telomere length and telomeric genes. Methods and results: Pregnant Wistar Kyoto rats underwent bilateral uterine vessel ligation to induce uteroplacental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction (“Restricted”). Sham-operated rats had either intact litters (“Control”) or their litters reduced to five pups with slowed postnatal growth (“Reduced”). Control, Restricted, and Reduced male rats were assigned to Sedentary, Early exercise (5–9 wk of age), or Late exercise (20–24 wk of age) groups. Hearts were excised at 24 wk of age for telomere length and gene expression measurements by quantitative PCR. Growth restriction shortened cardiac telomere length ( P < 0.001), but this was rescued by early exercise ( P < 0.001). Early and Late exercise increased cardiac weight index ( P < 0.001), but neither this nor telomere length was associated with expression of the telomeric genes Tert, Terc, Trf2, Pnuts, or Sirt1. Discussion and conclusions: Growth restriction shortens cardiac telomere length, reflecting the cardiac pathologies associated with low birth weight. Exercise in early life may offer long-term protective effects on cardiac telomere length, which could help prevent CVD in later life.

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