scholarly journals The effect of supplementing glycine and serine to a low crude protein diet on growth and skin collagen abundance of nursery pigs1

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla E Silva ◽  
Wilfredo D Mansilla ◽  
Anna K Shoveller ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
John P Cant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
N Retention ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Skin Collagen ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract A total of 96 newly weaned barrows (initial body weight [BW]: 6.3 ± 0.5 kg) were used to determine the effect of a low crude protein (CP) diet supplemented with Gly and Ser on growth and skin collagen abundance. Barrows were assigned to one of three experimental diets in a three-phase feeding program fed for 35 days (n = 8; pen was the experimental unit): 1) corn–soybean meal diet (CON; 20.3% to 23.1% CP; as-fed, analyzed contents); 2) low CP diet (14.8% to 21.4% CP) supplemented with Gly and Ser (G + S) to the same concentrations as CON; 3) low CP diet supplemented with Glu to maintain the same CP concentration as the G + S diet (GLU; 15.0% to 22.1% CP). On days 21 and 35, eight pigs per treatment were euthanized for the determination of physical and chemical body composition and skin collagen abundance. Pigs fed the CON diet had greater overall ADG and final BW compared to pigs fed GLU and G + S (P < 0.01). Over the entire 35-day experimental period, ADFI was not influenced by dietary treatment but G:F tended to be greater for pigs fed CON than G + S (P = 0.084), while intermediate values were observed for GLU. Carcass weights on days 21 and 35 were greater for pigs fed CON than G + S or GLU (P < 0.01). Viscera weights on day 21 were greater for CON than G + S and GLU (P < 0.05) and on day 35 were greater for CON than G + S (P < 0.05) with intermediate values observed for GLU. The N intake (g/d) between days 0 and 35 was greater for CON than G + S or GLU (P < 0.05) and N retention in combined carcass and viscera was greater for CON than G + S (P < 0.01) with intermediate values observed for GLU. No treatment effects were observed for efficiency of N utilization. Between days 0 and 21 however, the efficiency of using dietary N for N retention in carcass and viscera tended to be less for pigs fed CON vs. GLU (73.8% vs. 91.6%), while intermediate values were observed for G + S (84.3%; P = 0.095). Pigs fed CON and G + S diets had greater skin collagen abundance than pigs fed GLU on days 21 and 35 (P < 0.01). Supplementing low CP diets with Glu or with Gly and Ser at the levels used in the current study did not maintain ADG or combined carcass and viscera N retention and only the G + S diet supported skin collagen abundance not different from pigs fed CON. The importance of meeting essential AA requirements for growth are well accepted, but supplementing specific NEAA may be needed when feeding reduced CP diets to newly weaned pigs to support secondary indicators of AA status, such as skin collagen abundance.

scholarly journals PSIV-22 Effect of dietary glycine on growth performance and skin collagen abundance of nursery pigs fed low crude protein diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 191-192
Author(s):  
Kayla E Silva ◽  
Wilfredo Mansilla ◽  
Anna Kate Shoveller ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
John Cant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Skin Collagen ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Ninety-six barrows (initial BW: 6.41 ± 0.61kg) were used to determine the effect of low crude protein (CP) diets supplemented with glycine and serine (G+S) on growth performance and skin collagen abundance. Barrows were randomly assigned to 24 pens and fed 1 of 3 dietary treatments ad-libitum in a 3-phase-feeding program: 1) corn-soybean meal diet (CON; 23.6– 20.5% CP); 2) low-CP diet (19.7–14.8% CP) supplemented with G+S to achieve the same concentration of G+S as CON; 3) similar to diet 2 but supplemented with glutamate instead of G+S to maintain the same CP concentration (GLU); diets were fed for 6 weeks. Individual BW and pen feed disappearance were measured weekly. On d 35, 1 pig/pen was sacrificed for determination of body composition and N retention, and skin samples were collected for collagen analysis. Final BW and overall ADG were greater for pigs fed CON versus GLU (P < 0.05) while G+S were intermediate; feed efficiency was not influenced by diet. Carcass weights on day 35 were greater for pigs fed CON (22.4kg) versus G+S (19.0kg) or GLU (20.4 kg; P < 0.05). Viscera weights on day 35 were greater for CON (3373g) versus G+S (2912g; P < 0.05); GLU were intermediate (3186g). Overall, whole-body N retention and N intake were greater for CON (11.98, 38.3 g/d for N retention and N intake, respectively) than G+S (9.02, 27.5 g/d) and GLU (9.52, 29.1g/d; P < 0.05). On day 35, pigs fed G+S and CON had greater skin collagen abundance (72.8%,and 72.0% for G+S and CON, respectively) versus GLU (67.2%;P < 0.05). Supplementing low-CP diets with G+S maintained BW and overall ADG (versus CON), but both G+S and GLU had reduced N retention; only G+S had skin collagen abundance not different from CON. Supplementing specific non-essential amino acids as well as measures beyond growth performance should be considered when formulating low-CP diets.

Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Meats of the Indonesian Indigenous Crossbred Chickens Fed Fermented Mixture of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Leaf and Seed Meal

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The objective of this present study was to investigate the effect of feeding fermented mixture of papaya leaf and seed meal (FERM) on the physical and chemical characteristics of meats of the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chicken (IICC). The study was carried out with 300 day-old IICC. The chicks were randomly distributed to five treatment groups, i.e., CONT (control diet based on corn-soybean- diet), FERMA (diet containing 1% FERM), FERMB (2.5% FERM), FERMC (5% FERM) and FERMD (7.5% FERM). Each treatment group consisted of 6 replicates with 10 IICC in each. At week 8, one chick from each replicate was randomly taken and slaughtered. After being de-feathered and eviscerated, samples from breast and thigh meats were obtained. Results showed that the increased levels of FERM was followed by the increased (P<0.05) pH values, moisture and crude protein content of breast meats of the IICC. Dietary incorporation of FERM especially at the level of 2.5% increased (P<0.05) the content of fat in the breast meat of IICC, while further increased levels of FERM did not alter (P>0.05) the fat content of the IICC breast meat. Dietary treatment did not have any effect (P>0.05) on the lightness (L*) values of breast meat of the IICC. The redness (a*) values were higher (P<0.05) in FERMD breast meat than other. FERM diet resulted in lower (P<0.05) yellowness (b*) values in the IICC breast meat. The pH values and moisture content of thigh meat increased (P<0.05) with the increased level of FERM. The WHC decreased (P<0.05) with the elevated levels of FERM in the diets. There was an increase (P<0.05) in crude protein concentration in FERMA as compared to the other meats. Crude fat and ash concentrations in thigh meat were affected (P<0.05) by the treatments. Dietary treatments had no impact (P>0.05) on L* values of thigh meats. Feeding FERM at 7.5% from diets increased (P<0.05) and decreased (P<0.05) the redness and yellowness of meats. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of FERM especially at the level of 7.5% from diets improved the physical and chemical characteristics of the IICC meats.

scholarly journals PSVI-1 Dietary protease supplementation on growth performance and post-weaning diarrhea of nursery pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 191-192
Author(s):  
Jorge Y Perez-Palencia ◽  
David A Clizer ◽  
Christian Ramirez-Camba ◽  
Ryan S Samuel ◽  
Crystal L Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract This experiment evaluated the effect of dietary protease supplementation on pig’s growth performance and post-weaning diarrhea in a 43-d trial. A total of 936 weaned pigs [21 d of age, initial BW 5.87 ± 0.31 kg] were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design (2 nutritional levels × 2 protease levels). The nutritional levels corresponded to a standard feeding program and a reduced feeding program (15% lower SID Lys) and without or with protease supplementation (0.0125% inclusion). Piglets were distributed in 36 pens with 26 pigs per pen and 9 replicates per dietary treatment. Pigs received a common Phase 1 diet and experimental diets in Phase 2, 3, and 4, (0.91, 3.4, 4.5, and 24.0 kg/pig, respectively). Phytase was included at 2,500 U in Phase 2 – 4, all diets met energy and AA:Lys requirements for nursery pigs. Feed intake and body weight were determined every 2 weeks. A pen fecal score assessment was performed at d7, 10, and 14. Performance data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure and fecal score data using the PROC FREQ procedure (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC). No significant interactions (P &gt; 0.05) were observed between dietary treatments. From d15 to 43 and during overall experimental period, pigs fed standard diets had greater BW, ADG, and G:F (P &lt; 0.05) than pigs fed deficient diets (Table 1). On d7, pigs fed deficient diet had more (X2 &lt; 0.05) soft and watery feces, and consequently less normal feces compared to pigs fed standard diets (Figure 1). On d7, 10, and 14, pigs fed diets with protease supplementation had more (X2 &lt; 0.05) normal feces compared to control pigs. Overall, effects of dietary protease supplementation on growth performance were not expressive under the conditions of this study but protease addition benefited intestinal health of nursery pigs.

195 Does Feeding a Protease and Probiotic (Bacillus Subtilis) Combination (Syncra® SWI) Result in Improved Growth Performance and Mortality in a Commercial Wean-to-finish Swine Feeding Program?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
Trey A Kellner ◽  
Josh Ellingson ◽  
Ana L P de Souza ◽  
Janet C Remus
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Combined Feed

Abstract The response to probiotics and enzymes is often documented in research facilities with a high degree of control and via pigs with no insults to health or feed intake. However, in commercial conditions, the response to feed additives promoting advanced gut health and improved digestion must be consistent and defined over a wide range of health statuses, stocking densities, feed intakes, environments, and diet formulations. The objective of this experiment was to determine if a combined feed protease and probiotic system (Syncra® SWI 201, DuPont, Wilmington, DE) would improve growth performance and mortality under commercial conditions. A total of 127,092 pigs (6.0 ± 0.1 kg; PIC 337 sired, Hendersonville, TN) from a sow farm producing porcine reproductive and respiratory virus and rotavirus positive weaned pigs were placed in 53 2,400-head commercial wean-to-finish barns that were alternated to 1 of 2 treatments (a control treatment without Syncra® SWI (SSWI) or with SSWI included at 72.6 g/ton of finished feed from 22.7 kg of BW to harvest) in a rolling allotment over a 12-month period. Pigs were on the experiment for an average of 162 ± 1.0 days (until harvest). Throughout the 12-month experimental period, diets (outside of the SSWI inclusion) could change in order to maximize return over feed costs. Data were analyzed using Proc MIXED (SAS 9.4; Cary, NC) with treatment as the main effect and barn as the experimental unit. Compared to the control, adding SSWI improved mortality by 1.9% and percent grade 1 marketed pigs by 2.2% (P ≤ 0.025). Compared to the control, SSWI did not improve ADG (control = 0.75 vs. SSWI = 0.78 kg) or gain:feed (control = 0.401 vs. SSWI = 0.396). In conclusion, the inclusion of the SSWI combined feed protease and probiotic system can improve mortality and grade 1 marketed pigs, but not growth performance under commercial conditions.

scholarly journals PSXI-33 Milk replacer formulation for dairy calves: substitution of some dairy protein by yeast-protein

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 409-410
Author(s):  
Christine JULIEN ◽  
Dana Kumprechtová ◽  
Björn Tönepöhl ◽  
Filip Jančík ◽  
Petr Homolka
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Yeast Protein ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Yeast Product ◽  
Dairy Protein ◽  
Milk Replacers

Abstract Eighty dairy calves from birth (d1) to weaning (d64) were reared in individual pens. One feeding program was tested with 4 different milk replacers (MR), 3 included some yeast products (Table 1). The content of crude protein (22 %), crude fat (18 %) and concentration (140 g MR per liter milk feed) was similar for all MR. Calves were divided into 4 groups at 5-d of age: (i) Control, (ii) MR1, (iii) MR2 and (iv) MR3 milk replacers. Volume distributed per calf and per meal varied with age but did not differ between groups. All calves received water and a starter concentrate (19.0% CP) ad libitum. Diarrhea scoring per calf (0 to 4), individual MR and starter intake were recorded daily whereas BW was determined every two weeks. Data were evaluated by the MIXED procedure of SAS with group, breed and sex used as fixed effects. Quality (% brix) and intake of colostrum over d1 did not differ between groups. Growth performances are altered by treatment (P = 0.05): ADG over all the experimental period was significantly lower for MR2 (0.59 kg/d) whereas it resulted similar between the 3 other groups (0.67 kg/d on average). Starter feed intake over 64d did not differ significantly between groups: 526, 501, 475 and 555 g/d on average for Control, MR1, MR2 and MR3, respectively. The MR intake over 64d was lower for MR2 (5.48 L/d) compared to Control, MR1 and MR3 (5.64 L/d, on average). There was no difference regarding diarrhea score (0.26 on average) between groups. Globally, both MR1 and MR3 led to performances similar to control MR used as reference whereas MR2 resulted more challenging for calves. Therefore, using yeast product as part of protein source for MR formulation is achievable without compromising growth performances but type of product needs to be considered.

scholarly journals Dried Rumen Digesta Pellet Can Enhance Nitrogen Utilization in Thai Native, Wagyu-Crossbred Cattle Fed Rice Straw Based Diets

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Anuthida Seankamsorn ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Ruminal Microorganisms ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Nitrogen Intake

The goal of the current research was to study the effects of a diet of dried rumen digesta pellets (DRDP) on diet utilization, ruminal microorganisms, and ruminal microbes in Thai native, Wagyu-crossbred cattle. Four Thai native, Wagyu-crossbred, beef cattle were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to supplement DRDP levels at 0, 50, 100, and 150 g/d, respectively. Rice straw intake, total intake, and estimated energy intake varied significantly among the different DRDP levels. Nitrogen intake, apparent N absorption, and apparent N retention were significantly enhanced when compared to the 0 g/d DRDP. DRDP supplementation at 150 g/d produced the greatest apparent digestibility of crude protein compared to the group that was not fed DRDP. Supplementation of DRDP did not alter the population of protozoa, whereas the addition of 150 g DRDP significantly increased the fungal zoospore. Supplementation of DRDP at various levels did not change the concentration of volatile fatty acid (VFA) or the VFA profiles. Thus, DRDP could be an alternative strategic supplement for Thai-native, Wagyu-crossbred cattle in order to enhance N utilization and fungal zoospores.

scholarly journals Evaluating dietary acidifiers as alternatives for conventional feed-based antibiotics in nursery pig diets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payton L Dahmer ◽  
Cassandra K Jones
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nursery Pig

Abstract A total of 360 weanling pigs (DNA 200 × 400; initially 9.7 ± 0.23 kg BW) were used in a 21-d experiment with 6 pigs/pen, 10 replicate pens/treatment, and 2 separate nursery rooms, each with 30 pens. Pigs were weighed and allotted to pens based on BW in a completely randomized block design to one of 6 treatment diets: 1) Negative control (no organic acids or antibiotics) and the control with 2) 0.25% Acidifier A; 3) 0.3% Acidifier B; 4) 0.5% Acidifier C); 5) 50 g/t Carbadox; 6) 400 g/t Chlortetracycline. Upon weaning, a common diet with no antibiotics or additives was fed for 21 d (phases 1 and 2; d -21 to d 0), followed by a 21 d experimental period (phase 3; d 0 to d 21) where treatment diets were fed. Pigs and feeders were individually weighed on a weekly basis to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed efficiency (G:F). Data were analyzed using the PROC GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (v 9.4, SAS Inst., Cary, NC) with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as a fixed effect and room as a random effect. Dietary treatment had a significant impact (P &lt; 0.05) on ADG, ADFI and G:F each week and for the overall experimental period (d 0 to 21). Specifically, from d 0 to 7, pigs fed CTC had increased (P = 0.001) ADG compared to those fed Acidifier B, Acidifier C and Carbadox, while pigs fed the negative control and Acidifier A diets were intermediate. Additionally, pigs fed the CTC diet had improved (P = 0.0002) ADFI when compared to all other treatments. From d 7 to 14 and d 14 to 21, pigs fed the Carbadox diet had decreased (P &lt; 0.0001) ADG compared to all other treatments. During the overall period (d 0 to 21), pigs fed diets containing Carbadox had reduced ADG and ADFI (P &lt; 0.0001), while pigs fed CTC had improved (P &lt; 0.0001) ADG compared to all other treatments. Additionally, blood parameters, fecal consistency and fecal microbial populations were analyzed on a subset of pigs (n = 5 pigs/treatment). Dietary treatment significantly impacted (P &lt; 0.05) concentrations of protein, globulin, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase in the blood. Treatment also significantly impacted (P = 0.0005) fecal score but did not affect (P = 0.59) fecal microbial growth from d 0 to 21. In summary, CTC continues to be a valuable additive to improve performance in the nursery. Further investigation surrounding the efficacy of dietary acidifiers as antibiotic alternatives is warranted given inconclusive evidence in this study.

scholarly journals Effect of protected methionine supplementation on milk production and reproduction in first calf heifers

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
H. H. Titi ◽  
S. I. Azzam ◽  
M. A. Alnimer
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Methionine Supplementation

Abstract. Sixty Holstein heifers (30 days in milk) were used to examine the effects of protected methionine on milk production, milk composition and reproduction performance up to 100 days post-partum. Heifers were randomly divided into two dietary treatment groups (30 each) receiving either 14 or 16 % crude protein. Heifers of each treatment group were assigned into three subgroups with a daily supplementation of 0, 15 or 25 g/hd/d of rumen protected methionine. Diet fed was a total mixed ration consisting of fresh alfalfa, corn silage and a concentrate mixture. In addition, alfalfa hay was offered ad libitum during the whole experimental period.

139 Does Feeding an Increased Level of Narasin (Skycis) Result in Improved Growth Performance and Mortality in a Commercial Wean-to-finish Swine Feeding Program?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 70-70
Author(s):  
Trey A Kellner ◽  
Josh Ellingson ◽  
Paul Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
High Degree

Abstract The response to narasin (Skycis 100, Elanco, Greenfield, IN) to date has been documented in research facilities with a high degree of control and via pigs with no insults to health or feed intake. Furthermore, these studies are always conducted on a single subset of pigs and diets. However, in commercial conditions, the response to narasin must be consistent and defined over a wide range of health statuses, stocking densities, feed intakes, environments, and diet formulations. The objective of this experiment was to determine which inclusion level of narasin (13.6 or 18.1 g/ton) would provide the greatest response under commercial conditions. A total of 197,629 weaned barrows and gilts (6.0 ± 0.1 kg; PIC 337 sired, Hendersonville, TN) were placed in 73 2,400-head commercial wean-to-finish barns that were alternated to 1 of 2 treatments (13.6 or 18.1 g of narasin/ton) in a rolling allotment over an 18-month period. Pigs were on the experiment for an average of 163 ± 1.6 days (until harvest). Throughout the 18-month experimental period, diets (outside of the narasin inclusion) were allowed to change to maximize return over feed costs. Data were analyzed using Proc MIXED (SAS 9.4; Cary, NC) with treatment as the main effect and barn as the experimental unit. Compared to 13.6 g/ton, the increased level of narasin (18.1 g/ton) improved ADG (13.6 g/ton = 0.76 versus 18.1 g/ton = 0.78 kg/d; P = 0.035), gain:feed (13.6 g/ton = 0.389 versus 18.1 g/ton = 0.401; P = 0.042), and mortality from wean to harvest (13.6 g/ton = 7.2% versus 18.1 g/ton = 5.3%; P = 0.084). In summary, feeding an increased level of narasin (18.1 g/ton) during an ever-changing (diet formulation, environment, and health status) commercial experimental conditions resulted in greater growth performance and reduced mortality.

30 The Effect of Creep Feed Composition and Form on Pre- and Post-weaning Growth Performance of Pigs and the Utilization of Low-quality Nursery Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 21-22
Author(s):  
Brenda Christensen ◽  
Lee-Anne Huber
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Creep Feeding ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Main Protein ◽  
Liquid Milk ◽  
Feeding Regimen

Abstract Fifty-six litters standardized to 12 piglets from first-parity sows were used to determine the effects of creep and nursery diet compositions on pre- and post-weaning pig growth performance. At three days of age, litters (initial BW 2.31±0.61kg) were assigned to one of four creep feeding regimens (n=14): [1] commercial creep feed (COM), [2] liquid milk replacer (LMR), [3] pelleted milk replacer (PMR), or [4] no creep feed (NO); creep feeds contained 1.0% brilliant blue as a fecal marker. Fecal swabs were collected every 3±1 days to identify piglets that regularly consumed creep feed. At weaning (18±1 days of age), six pigs per litter that consumed creep feed were placed on either a HIGH- (contained highly digestible animal proteins) or LOW- (contained corn and soybean meal as the main protein sources) quality nursery diet (n = 7) in a three-phase feeding program over 38 days. The LMR disappeared at the greatest rate (37.7 g/pig/d; DM-basis) versus COM and PMR (10.8±1.5 g/pig/d; P &lt; 0.001). Litters that received LMR had the greatest proportion of pigs with blue fecal swabs between study days 4 and 15 (85.0 vs 59.0±0.4%; P &lt; 0.05) and LMR piglets had greater BW at weaning versus all other treatments (6.32, 6.02, 5.92, 5.67±0.14 kg, for LMR, COM, NO, and PMR, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). Over the entire nursery period, pigs that received LOW diets had reduced ADG (399 vs 485±42 g; P &lt; 0.001), ADFI (520 vs 595±37 g; P&lt; 0.001), G:F (0.77 vs 0.82±0.03; P &lt; 0.01), and BW at the end of the nursery period (21.2 vs 24.4±1.6 kg; P &lt; 0.001), with no carryover effects of creep feeding regimen. Providing supplemental nutrition during the suckling period via LMR improved pig body weight at weaning, but did not improve post-weaning growth performance, regardless of nursery diet quality.

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