scholarly journals Comparison of phenotypic and WGS-derived antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from cases of diarrhoeal disease in England and Wales, 2015–16

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 883-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Painset ◽  
Martin Day ◽  
Michel Doumith ◽  
Jonathan Rigby ◽  
Claire Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Agar Dilution

Abstract Objectives To compare and evaluate phenotypic and genotypic methods for the detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in England and Wales. Methods WGS data from 528 isolates of Campylobacter spp. (452 C. jejuni and 76 C. coli) from human (494), food (21) and environmental (2) sources, collected between January 2015 and December 2016, and from the PHE culture collection (11) were mapped to genes known to be associated with phenotypic resistance to antimicrobials in the genus. Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility (erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin and streptomycin) testing using an in-agar dilution method was performed on all isolates. Results Concordance between phenotypic resistance and the presence of corresponding AMR determinants was 97.5% (515/528 isolates). Only 13 out of 528 isolates (10 C. jejuni and 3 C. coli) had discordant interpretations for at least one of the five antibiotics tested, equating to a total of 15 (0.6%) discrepancies out of 2640 isolate/antimicrobial combinations. Seven discrepant results were genotypically resistant but phenotypically susceptible (major errors) and eight discrepant results were genotypically susceptible but phenotypically resistant (very major errors). Conclusions The use of this bioinformatics approach for predicting AMR from WGS data for routine public health surveillance is a reliable method for real-time monitoring of changing AMR patterns in isolates of C. jejuni and C. coli.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Campylobacter Strains Isolated from Finnish Subjects Infected Domestically or from Those Infected Abroad

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilpi Rautelin ◽  
Antti Vierikko ◽  
Marja-Liisa Hänninen ◽  
Martti Vaara
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibilities ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Stool Samples

ABSTRACT The in vitro susceptibilities of 678 Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains isolated from stool samples of the same number of Finnish subjects were studied. A total of 523 patients, representing inhabitants from throughout Finland, had not traveled abroad within the 2 weeks prior to becoming ill, whereas 155 persons had presumably acquired their infections abroad. The antimicrobial agents studied were erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin, and moxifloxacin. The MICs of these antimicrobial agents were determined by the agar dilution method. The growth of all domestic isolates was inhibited by erythromycin at concentrations of 4 μg/ml, and for these isolates the fluoroquinolone MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (MIC90s) ranged from 0.06 to 0.5 μg/ml. For the foreign isolates, the erythromycin MIC90 was still low (4 μg/ml), but their susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones were clearly reduced (MIC90s, 8 to 64 μg/ml). Of the four different fluoroquinolones studied, ciprofloxacin was the least active (MIC90, 64 μg/ml).

Antibiotic Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolated from Hog, Beef, and Chicken Carcass Samples from Provincially Inspected Abattoirs in Ontario

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. LARKIN ◽  
C. van DONKERSGOED ◽  
A. MAHDI ◽  
P. JOHNSON ◽  
B. McNAB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of bacterial foodborne infection in the United States, and there are reports of resistance of Campylobacter spp. to antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of gastroenteritis. The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolated from hog, beef, and chicken carcasses from provincially inspected abattoirs in Ontario. The agar dilution method was performed to measure antimicrobial resistance of the isolates. Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates from hogs (n = 401), beef (n = 21), and chicken (n = 435) to ampicillin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and tetracycline was determined. Resistance of chicken, hog, and beef isolates was 14.3, 18.2, and 9.5% to ampicillin; 17.9, 67.3, and 38.1% to azithromycin; 0, 0.5, and 0% to chloramphenicol; 3.7, 1.2, and 0% to ciprofloxacin; 2.3, 46.6, and 4.8% to clindamycin; 6.7, 43.6, and 4.8% to erythromycin; 0.2, 0, and 0% to gentamicin; 5.1, 10.7, and 0% to nalidixic acid; 13.6, 57.4, and 4.8% to streptomycin; and 52.6, 44.1, 42.9% to tetracycline, respectively. The hog isolates had the greatest resistance to seven of the ten antimicrobials tested. Results of this study confirm the existence of antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter to various antimicrobial agents, especially ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, commonly used for treatment of campylobacteriosis in humans.

Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Isolated from Hog, Beef, and Chicken Carcass Samples from Provincially Inspected Abattoirs in Ontario

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. LARKIN ◽  
C. POPPE ◽  
B. MCNAB ◽  
B. MCEWEN ◽  
A. MAHDI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Chicken Carcass ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Microbroth Dilution ◽  
Good Agreement

The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella organisms, especially Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, has been reported in many countries, including the United States and Canada. The purposes of this study were to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella isolated from hog, beef, and chicken carcasses from provincially inspected abattoirs in Ontario and to determine the agreement between the agar dilution method and the microbroth dilution method for measurement of antimicrobial resistance of the isolates. Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from hogs (n = 71), beef (n = 24), and chicken (n = 295) to amikacin, ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole,and tetracycline was determined using the two methods. None of the 390 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin at levels of 0.125 μg/ml. All chicken and hog isolates were sensitive to amikacin, whereas all beef isolates were sensitive to both amikacin and gentamicin. Multiple antimicrobial resistance (resistance to more than one antimicrobial) was found in 29% of bovine isolates and 42% of porcine isolates using both methods for testing and in 42% by the agar dilution and 33% by the microbroth dilution methods in the chicken isolates. Overall, there was good agreement between the two test methods for resistance to most of the antimicrobials, with disagreement found in the results in 1.3% of the isolates for ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole, 8.2% for streptomycin, 5.6% for cephalothin, and 1.0% of the isolates for tetracycline. The lack of agreement between the two test methods was found mostly among the chicken isolates.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Garenoxacin (BMS-284756) against 170 Clinical Isolates of Nine Pasteurella Species

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 3068-3070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellie J. C. Goldstein ◽  
Diane M. Citron ◽  
C. Vreni Merriam ◽  
Yumi A. Warren ◽  
Kerin L. Tyrrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
American Type Culture Collection ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution

ABSTRACT The in vitro susceptibilities of 170 clinical isolates plus 12 American Type Culture Collection strains of Pasteurella species comprising nine species and three Pasteurella multocida subspecies were studied by an agar dilution method. Garenoxacin (BMS-284756), a new des-fluoro(6) quinolone, was active at ≤0.06 μg/ml against all isolates, including four β-lactamase-producing strains, with >90% of the strains susceptible to ≤0.008 μg/ml. Garenoxacin was generally 1 to 2 dilutions more active than levofloxacin and moxifloxacin and was the most active agent tested. Cefoxitin required 1 μg/ml for inhibition of 51 of 182 (29%) of strains, and 3 strains (also β-lactamase producers) were resistant to doxycycline.

scholarly journals The Russian gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility programme (RU-GASP) – national resistance prevalence in 2007 and 2008, and trends during 2005-2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kubanova ◽  
N Frigo ◽  
A Kubanov ◽  
S Sidorenko ◽  
I Lesnaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
First Line ◽  
Agar Dilution

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major problem worldwide. In the former Soviet countries including Russia, the knowledge regarding AMR has been highly limited. However, in 2004 the Russian gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility programme (RU-GASP) was initiated. The aims of this study were to examine and describe the prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae AMR in 2007 and 2008 in Russia, and reveal trends in the period from 2005 to 2008. Gonococcal isolates (660 in 2007 and 900 in 2008) from 36 surveillance sites were examined using agar dilution method. From 2005 to 2008, the proportion of isolates resistant to spectinomycin increased from 0% to 7.2%, and remained high for those resistant to ciprofloxacin (approximately 49%). The resistance to azithromycin was 2.3% and 0.4% in 2007 and 2008, respectively. All isolates between 2005 and 2008 were susceptible to ceftriaxone. In conclusion, the AMR of N. gonorrhoeae in Russia is high, as in most countries in the European Union, and ceftriaxone should be the first line for treatment. If there is no access to ceftriaxone or in the presence of severe beta-lactam antimicrobial allergy, spectinomycin should be used; however, the resistance to spectinomycin has increased. Regular, quality-assured national and international surveillance of AMR in N. gonorrhoeae is crucial globally for public health.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Detection of Genes for Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Agar Dilution

Background: Mycoplasma bovis (Gram-positive bacteria) belongs the class Mollicutes and to the family Mycoplasmataceae (Maunsell and Donovan, 2009). It is a cell wall-less bacterium and are instead enveloped by a complex plasma membrane. In cattle, M. bovis is widely known causes various diseases, such respiratory disease, mastitis, arthritis and otitis.Methods: The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and identify the genes for antimicrobial resistance of Mycoplasma bovis PG45, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. M. bovis PG45, S. aureus and E.coli were subjected to test for their sensitivity to various clinically important antibiotics (Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor Cefalexin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Amikacin, Ampicillin, Oxacilin, Amoxyclav, Rifampicin, Penicillin G and Tylosin). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each antimicrobial agent was determined by applying an agar dilution method. Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify specific DNA fragments and thus to determine the presence or absence of a target gene (VspA, tet k and tetA). Result: Showed the MIC values and the presence of VspA, tetK and tetA in M. bovis PG45, S. aureus and E. coli respectively.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Molecular Typing of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolates from Ducks in South Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (24) ◽  
pp. 7604-7610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai Wei ◽  
Se-Yeoun Cha ◽  
Min Kang ◽  
Jae-Hee Roh ◽  
Hye-Suk Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Production Animals ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

ABSTRACTCampylobacteris a food-borne zoonotic pathogen that causes human gastroenteritis worldwide.Campylobacterbacteria are commensal in the intestines of many food production animals, including ducks and chickens. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence ofCampylobacterspecies in domestic ducks, and the agar dilution method was used to determine resistance of the isolates to eight antibiotics. In addition, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed to determine the sequence types (STs) of selectedCampylobacterisolates. Between May and September 2012, 58 duck farms were analyzed, and 56 (96.6%) were positive forCampylobacter. Among the isolates, 82.1% wereCampylobacter jejuni, 16.1% wereC. coli, and one was unidentified by PCR. Of the 46C. jejuniisolates, 87.0%, 10.9%, and 21.7% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and azithromycin, respectively. Among theC. coliisolates, all 9 strains were resistant to ampicillin, and 77.8% and 33.3% were resistant to ciprofloxacin and azithromycin, respectively. The majority of theCampylobacterisolates were classified as multidrug resistant. Twenty-eight STs were identified, including 20 STs forC. jejuniand 8 STs forC. coli. The most common clonal complexes inC. jejuniwere the ST-21 complex and the ST-45 complex, while the ST-828 complex predominated inC. coli. The majority of isolates were of STs noted in ducks and humans from earlier studies, along with seven STs previously associated only with human disease. These STs overlapped between duck and human isolates, indicating thatCampylobacterisolates from ducks should be considered potential sources of human infection.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes and molecular subtypes of S. Enteritidis isolated from children in Shanghai

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (07) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xu ◽  
Xiujuan Zhou ◽  
Xuebin Xu ◽  
Karl R Matthews ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Gene Profiles ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella poses a key threat to public health worldwide. Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) (119 isolates) from children under 10 years old with diarrhea in Shanghai from 2010-2012 were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence gene profiles and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. Methodology: The minimum inhibitory concentration for the 119 S. Enteritidis isolates was determined using an agar dilution method. The presence of virulence genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All the isolates with antimicrobial resistance were subjected to PFGE analysis. Results: Among these isolates, 71.4% (85) were resistant to sulfafurazole, 59.7% (71) were resistant to ampicillin, 47.1% (56) were resistant to streptomycin, 7.6% (9) were resistant to ceftiofur and 3.4% (4) were resistant to ceftriaxone. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 63.9% (76) of the isolates; 23 resistance profiles were identified. All isolates harbored the ssaQ and sopE virulence genes in the 16 virulence profiles (VPs); VP1 accounted for 70.59% of the 119 isolates. There were 57 PFGE patterns among the 92 isolates tested, mainly grouped into five clusters (A to E). All of the 76 MDR isolates carried multiple virulence genes. Conclusions: Our study provides useful microbiological data for the successful treatment of S. Enteritidis infections in Shanghai. Although broad spectrum antimicrobials may be useful in the treatment of invasive S. Enteritidis infections, clinicians need to be aware of common microbiological traits, because of the high prevalence of MDR.

scholarly journals Determination of antimicrobial resistance profiles and mechanisms of Campylobacter jejuni using a Raman spectroscopy-based metabolomic approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyao Ma ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Keng C. Chou ◽  
Xiaonan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Raman Spectral ◽  
Metabolomic Approach

Rapid identification of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and mechanisms is critical for clinical management and drug development. However, the current AMR detection approaches take up to 48 h to obtain a result. Here we demonstrate a Raman spectroscopy-based metabolomic approach to rapidly determine the AMR profile of Campylobacter jejuni, a major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. C. jejuni isolates with susceptible and resistant traits to ampicillin and tetracycline were subjected to different antibiotic concentrations for 5 h, followed by Raman spectral collection and chemometric analysis [i.e., second-derivative transformation analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA)]. The MICs obtained by Raman-2nd derivative transformation agreed with the reference agar dilution method for all isolates. The AMR profile of C. jejuni was accurately classified by Raman-HCA after treating bacteria with antibiotics at clinical susceptible and resistant breakpoints. According to PCA loading plots, susceptible and resistant strains showed different Raman metabolomic patterns to antibiotics. Ampicillin-resistant isolates had distinctive Raman signatures of peptidoglycan that is related to cell wall synthesis. The ratio of saturated: unsaturated fatty acids in the lipid membrane layer of ampicillin-resistant isolates was higher than susceptible ones, indicating more rigid envelope structure under ampicillin treatment. In comparison, tetracycline-resistant isolates exhibited prominent Raman spectral features associated with proteins and nucleic acids, demonstrating more active protein synthesis than susceptible strains with the presence of tetracycline. Taken together, Raman spectroscopy is a powerful metabolic fingerprinting technique for simultaneously revealing the AMR profiles and mechanisms of foodborne pathogens. IMPORTANCE Metabolism plays the central role in bacteria to mediate the early response against antibiotics and demonstrate antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Understanding the whole cell metabolite profiles gives rise to a more complete AMR mechanism insight. In this study, we have applied Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics to achieve a rapid, accurate, and easy-to-operate investigation on bacterial AMR profiles and mechanisms. Raman spectroscopy reduced the analysis time by an order of magnitude to obtain the same results from traditional culture-based antimicrobial susceptibility approaches. It offers great benefits as a high-throughput screening method in food chain surveillance and clinical diagnostics. Meanwhile, the AMR mechanisms towards two representative antibiotic classes, namely ampicillin and tetracycline, were revealed by Raman spectroscopy at metabolome level. This approach is based on bacterial phenotypic responses to antibiotics, providing complementary information to the conventional genetic methods such as genome sequencing. The knowledge obtained from Raman metabolomic data can be used in drug discovery and pathogen intervention.

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