scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteraemia: results from the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program, 1999-2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1505-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. McCracken ◽  
A. Wong ◽  
R. Mitchell ◽  
D. Gravel ◽  
J. Conly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Infection Surveillance ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Canada: Results from the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program, 1999–2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Ofner-Agostini ◽  
B. Lynn Johnston ◽  
Andrew E. Simor ◽  
John Embil ◽  
Anne Matlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Infection Surveillance ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Surveillance for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in sentinel Canadian hospitals has been conducted since 1999. From 1999 to 2005, the rate of VRE detection increased from 0.37 to 1.32 cases per 1,000 patients admitted, and the rate of VRE infection increased from 0.02 to 0.05 cases per 1,000 patients admitted. Thirty-three percent of all patients with VRE detected that were reported during 1999-2005 were identified in 2005, with increases seen in all regions of Canada. Although the incidence rate of VRE carriage in Canada is increasing, it remains very low.

scholarly journals N-CDAD in Canada: Results of the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program 1997 N-CDAD Prevalence Surveillance Project

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meaghen Hyland ◽  
Marianna Ofner-Agostini ◽  
Mark Miller ◽  
Shirley Paton ◽  
Marie Gourdeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Infection Surveillance ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND:A 1996 preproject survey among Canadian Hospital Epidemiology Committee (CHEC) sites revealed variations in the prevention, detection, management and surveillance ofClostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). Facilities wanted to establish national rates of nosocomially acquired CDAD (N-CDAD) to understand the impact of control or prevention measures, and the burden of N-CDAD on health care resources. The CHEC, in collaboration with the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control (Health Canada) and under the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program, undertook a prevalence surveillance project among selected hospitals throughout Canada.OBJECTIVE:To establish national prevalence rates of N-CDAD.METHODS:For six weeks in 1997, selected CHEC sites tested all diarrheal stools from inpatients for eitherC difficiletoxin orC difficilebacteria with evidence of toxin production. Questionnaires were completed for patients with positive stool assays who met the case definitions.RESULTS:Nineteen health care facilities in eight provinces participated in the project. The overall prevalence of N-CDAD was 13.0% (95% CI 9.5% to 16.5%). The mean number of N-CDAD cases were 66.3 cases/100,000 patient days (95% CI

Predicting Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Bloodstream Infection Incidence Rates using Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jona Gjevori ◽  
Kahina Abdesselam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Infection Surveillance ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is among the most prevalent nosocomial pathogens globally, causing significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. MRSA bloodstream infection (BSI) incidence rates in Canadian hospitals have significantly risen by almost 60% and have a mortality of over 20% upon Intensive Care Unit admission. MRSA is believed to be spread through healthcare workers; thus, high hand hygiene compliancy in addition to environmental cleaning are the cornerstone countermeasures to disrupting its transmission. The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), in collaboration with the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP), conducts national, sentinel surveillance on healthcare-associated infections like MRSA. As a Student Epidemiologist, I developed a research proposal detailing two study objectives: 1) develop a regression model to predict all incident MRSA BSI rates among acute-care hospitals in Canada using CNISP MRSA BSI incident cases from 2000 to 2019, and 2) create a compartmental (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Deceased) model to determine the impact of various Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures on the risk of healthcare-associated MRSA BSI transmission specifically. This study hopes to demonstrate that proper IPC compliance is associated with lower incident MRSA BSI rates with the goal being to produce a manuscript draft by 2021. MRSA poses a serious threat to patient safety globally and is becoming a growing national public health concern in Canada; determining which IPC strategy is most effective at disrupting MRSA transmission is essential to reducing incidence and mortality rates.

Nosocomial Infection Surveillance in the United States: Historical Perspective

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 450-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Database ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Infection Control Program ◽  
Infection Surveillance

AbstractDuring the past 30 years, many important strides have been made in the prevention of nosocomial infections in the United States. Infection control programs have been established in hospitals throughout the country. Techniques for surveillance of nosocomial infections have been developed and utilized extensively. Results of the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC Project) and the experience with surveillance of surgical wound infections have documented the fact that surveillance is an integral component of an effective nosocomial infection control program. In recent years, a number of approaches to nosocomial infection surveillance have been proposed as alternatives to comprehensive or hospital-wide surveillance. In 1986, four surveillance components were introduced in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system to provide participating institutions the option to tailor their surveillance program to their local needs and priorities while continuing to provide information to the national database on nosocomial infections. Infection control practitioners currently face a challenge to develop more meaningful nosocomial infection rates to permit identification of new infection control priorities for their institution and to assess progress toward specific prevention objectives.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antimicrobial Use in a Network of Canadian Hospitals in 2002 and 2009

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Taylor ◽  
Denise Gravel ◽  
Lynora Saxinger ◽  
Kathryn Bush ◽  
Kimberley Simmonds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Infection Surveillance ◽  
Simultaneous Use

BACKGROUND: Increasing antimicrobial resistance has been identified as an important global health threat. Antimicrobial use is a major driver of resistance, especially in the hospital sector. Understanding the extent and type of antimicrobial use in Canadian hospitals will aid in developing national antimicrobial stewardship priorities.METHODS: In 2002 and 2009, as part of one-day prevalence surveys to quantify hospital-acquired infections in Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program hospitals, data were collected on the use of systemic antimicrobial agents in all patients in participating hospitals. Specific agents in use (other than antiviral and antiparasitic agents) on the survey day and patient demographic information were collected.RESULTS: In 2002, 2460 of 6747 patients (36.5%) in 28 hospitals were receiving antimicrobial therapy. In 2009, 3989 of 9953 (40.1%) patients in 44 hospitals were receiving antimicrobial therapy (P<0.001). Significantly increased use was observed in central Canada (37.4% to 40.8%) and western Canada (36.9% to 41.1%) but not in eastern Canada (32.9% to 34.1%). In 2009, antimicrobial use was most common on solid organ transplant units (71.0% of patients), intensive care units (68.3%) and hematology/oncology units (65.9%). Compared with 2002, there was a significant decrease in use of first-and second-generation cephalosporins, and significant increases in use of carbapenems, antifungal agents and vancomycin in 2009. Piperacillin-tazobactam, as a proportion of all penicillins, increased from 20% in 2002 to 42.8% in 2009 (P<0.001). There was a significant increase in simultaneous use of >1 agent, from 12.0% of patients in 2002 to 37.7% in 2009.CONCLUSION: From 2002 to 2009, the prevalence of antimicrobial agent use in Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program hospitals significantly increased; additionally, increased use of broad-spectrum agents and a marked increase in simultaneous use of multiple agents were observed.

Response to Alert on Possible Infections with Mycobacterium chimaera From Contaminated Heater-Cooler Devices in Hospitals Participating in the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Mertz ◽  
Jennifer Macri ◽  
Susy Hota ◽  
Kanchana Amaratunga ◽  
Ian Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Infect Control Hosp ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Infection Surveillance ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention

Canadian hospitals were made aware of the risk of Mycobacterium chimaera infection associated with heater-cooler units (HCUs) through alerts issued by the US food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In response, most hospitals conducted retrospective reviews for infections, informed exposed patients, and initiated a requirement for informed consent with HCU use.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:482–484

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