scholarly journals Genetic epidemiological studies of coronary heart disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Keavney
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies

Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1269-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob M. van Dam
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Coffee Intake

Numerous epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and various cancers. This paper briefly reviews the evidence for a relation between coffee consumption and these conditions, with particular attention to methodological issues. Several early studies suggested that coffee consumption could result in a marked increase in risk of coronary heart disease and several types of cancer. However, more recent prospective cohort studies that are less prone to selection and information bias have not confirmed these findings. High consumption of unfiltered types of coffee, such as French press and boiled coffee, has been shown to increase low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations. In addition, limiting caffeinated coffee intake during pregnancy seems a prudent choice. However, evidence has been accumulating that frequent consumption of coffee may reduce risk of type 2 diabetes and liver cancer. Further experimental studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and possibly identify the components in coffee that are responsible for these putative effects. In sum, the currently available evidence on coffee and risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer is largely reassuring, and suggests that, for the general population, addressing other health-related behaviors has priority for the prevention of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Local inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and fibrinolysis in coronary heart disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon D. O. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Tumour Necrosis Factor Α ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Arterial Inflammation ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Circulating Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Prospective epidemiological studies have shown associations of circulating inflammatory markers with risk of CHD (coronary heart disease); however, these associations are modest after adjustment for confounding by established risk factors, and do not add significantly to the predictive value of current clinical risk scores. In contrast, experimental human studies of local arterial inflammation, such as the brachial artery infusion of TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α) model reported in this issue of Clinical Science by Robinson and co-workers, are of value in elucidating the pathophysiology of atherothrombosis.

scholarly journals Type A Behaviours and Heart Disease: Epidemiological and Experimental Foundations

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bennett ◽  
Douglas Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Type A ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

This paper critically examines three strands of evidence that concern the relationship between type A behaviours and coronary heart disease; prospective epidemiological studies of healthy populations, studies of those at high risk for coronary heart disease, and angiographic studies of atherosclerosis. The first of these would seem to provide the strongest test. Methodological and conceptual issues mean that the results of studies using the other methods should be interpreted with care. It is concluded that there is relatively strong evidence of an association between Type A behaviour as measured by Structured Interview and coronary heart disease. Hostility and anger appear to be the most powerful determinants of CHD. However, it is likely that they interact with other type A behaviours and related environmental factors in determining risk.

scholarly journals Nuts and coronary heart disease: an epidemiological perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (S2) ◽  
pp. S61-S67 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Kelly ◽  
Joan Sabaté
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Iowa Women's Health Study ◽  
Heart Disease Risk ◽  
Reduced Risk

The epidemiological evidence for the cardio-protective effect of nut consumption is presented and reviewed. Four large prospective epidemiological studies of primary prevention of coronary heart disease are reviewed and discussed (Adventist Health Study, Iowa Women's Health Study, Nurses' Health Study and the Physicians' Health Study). Other studies of nuts and coronary heart disease risk are addressed. The combined evidence for a cardio-protective effect from nut consumption is summarized and presented graphically. The risk of coronary heart disease is 37 % lower for those consuming nuts more than four times per week compared to those who never or seldom consume nuts, with an average reduction of 8·3 % for each weekly serving of nuts. The evidence for a causal relationship between nut consumption and reduced risk of coronary heart disease is outlined using Hill's criteria for causality and is found to support a causal cardio-protective relationship.

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