scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ABO PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION ON RIBOSOMAL DNA INSTABILITIES IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-889
Author(s):  
Hallie M Krider ◽  
Barry Yedvobnick ◽  
Bryan I Levine
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Mutant Phenotype ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Homozygous Mutant ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Adult Drosophila

ABSTRACT The recessive maternal-effect mutation, abnormal oocyte (abo:2-38), reduces viability in the offspring of homozygous mutant females. Zygotes lacking specific heterochromatic segments of the X or Y chromosomes are most severely affected. We have shown that abo/abo lines can lose the capacity to express the mutant phenotype, and that elevated rDNA redundancies can be observed in such stocks (KRILIER and LEVINE 1975). In this study, we describe a microhybridization procedure that facilitates the measurement of rDNA redundancy, using a small number of adult Drosophila. We show that instability of the rDNA content persists in an abo/abo line after loss of the capacity to express the phenotype, and that changes in rDNA amounts occur between successive generations of the stock. Further, we show that the rDNA content of XO progeny from abo/abo females is elevated. The effect is directly correlated with the expression of the abo phenotype, and it is not observed in the XO progeny of abo heterozygous females or abo homozygotes from lines that do not show abo expression.

MATERNALLY INFLUENCED EMBRYONIC LETHALITY: ALLELE SPECIFIC GENETIC RESCUE AT A FEMALE FERTILITY LOCUS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Romans ◽  
R. B. Hodgetts ◽  
D. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genetic Rescue ◽  
Homozygous Mutant ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Normal Males

A new locus, mel(l)R1, with a maternal effect on embryonic development, has been mapped at about 0.5 on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster and localized cytologically between bands 2D6 and 3A1. Genotypically mutant embryos die if produced by homozygous mutant females but survive if produced by heterozygous females. Two mutant alleles have been isolated. One of these is genetically rescuable: when homozygous mutant females are mated to mutant males, all the embryos die, but when these females are mated to normal males, female offspring are produced. The other allele is not rescuable. Genetic rescue is dominant at this locus since females heterozygous for the two mutant alleles produce female offspring in crosses to normal males.

scholarly journals Chromosome damage and early developmental arrest caused by the Rex element of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
L G Robbins ◽  
S Pimpinelli
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Chromosome Damage ◽  
Specific Chromosome ◽  
Developmental Arrest ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Early Developmental

Abstract Rex (Ribosomal exchange) is a genetically identified repeated element within the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of Drosophila melanogaster. Rex has a semidominant maternal effect that promotes exchange between and within rDNA arrays in the first few embryonic mitoses. Several of Rex's genetic properties suggest that its primary effect is rDNA-specific chromosome breakage that is resolved by recombination. We report here that rDNA crossovers are only a small, surviving minority of Rex-induced events. Cytology of embryos produced by Rex-homozygous females reveals obvious chromosome damage in at least a quarter of the embryos within the first three mitotic divisions. More than half of the embryos produced by Rex females die, and the developmental arrest is among the earliest reported for any maternal-effect lethal. The striking lethal phenotype suggests that embryos with early chromosome damage could be particularly fruitful subjects for analysis of the cell biology of early embryos.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE MUTATION ABNORMAL OOCYTE AND ITS INTERACTION WITH THE RIBOSOMAL DNA OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-513
Author(s):  
Hallie M Krider ◽  
Bryan I Levine
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Functional Interaction ◽  
Ribosomal Cistrons

ABSTRACT Sandler (1970) suggested that mutation, abnormal oocyte (abo:2–38), may influence the function of the ribosomal RNA cistrons. We have examined the abo mutation and its interaction with the ribosomal DNA of Drosophila melanogaster. We observed that the expression of the abo phenotype is unstable under the appropriate conditions, a behavior which paralleled changes in the phenotypic expression of bobbed mutations during the magnification of the ribosomal DNA. The change in the expression of the abo phenotype is correlated with an increase in the redundancy of the ribosomal cistrons, further suggesting a functional interaction of the abo and bobbed regions.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Ribosomal DNA Spacers of Drosophila melanogaster: Different Patterns of Variation on X and Y Chromosomes

Genetics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
Scott M Williams ◽  
Glenn R Furnier ◽  
Eric Fuog ◽  
Curtis Strobeck
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Spacer Length ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
The World

ABSTRACT Length variation of the ribosomal gene spacers of Drosophila melanogaster was studied. Analysis of 47 X chromosomal and 47 Y chromosomal linked rDNA arrays collected from five continents indicates that the arrays on the two chromosomes differ qualitatively. The Y-linked arrays from around the world share little or no similarity for either their overall length or the organization of their spacers. Most of the X-linked arrays do, however, share a major length spacer of 5.1 kb. In addition, those X-linked arrays that have a major 5.1-kb band have similar spacer organization as demonstrated by genomic DNA digestions with several restriction enzymes. These data strongly support the hypothesis that spacer length patterns on only X-linked genes are maintained primarily by natural selection.

scholarly journals A NOTE ON THE MATERNAL EFFECT MUTANTS DAUGHTERLESS AND ABNORMAL OOCYTE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Arthur P Mange ◽  
L Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Dominant Marker ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chromosome Breakpoint ◽  
Special Region

ABSTRACT Two deficiencies for, and a dominant enhancer of, the second chromosome maternal effect mutant, "daughterless" (da), were induced with X-irradiation. Their properties were studied with respect to both da and the linked maternal effect mutant, "abnormal oocyte" (abo), with the following conclusions. (1) The most probable map positions of da and abo are: J–½–da–2½–abo, where J is a dominant marker located at 41 on the standard map. (2) The da locus is in bands 31CD-F on the polytene chromosome map; abo is to the right of 32A. (3) Because homozygous da individuals survive while individuals carrying da and a deficiency for da are lethal, it is concluded that da is hypomorphic. (4) From a weak da-like maternal effect in heterozygous da females induced by an "Enhancer of da," we have confirmed a previous report that (a) the amount of sex chromosome heterochromatin contributed by the father can influence the severity of the da maternal effect, and (b) the sex chromosome heterochromatin which influences the da effect is different from that which influences the abo effect. (5) The possibility that da and abo are in a special region of chromosome 2 concerned with the regulation of sex chromosome heterochromatin is strengthened by the observation that the Enhancer of da appears to rescue abnormal eggs produced by homozygous abo mothers. (6) The Enhancer of da is a translocation between chromosomes 2 and 3 with the second chromosome breakpoint in the basal heterochromatin; because the enhancing effect maps in this region of chromosome 2, it is possible that autosomal, as well as sex chromosomal, heterochromatin interacts with da and abo.

scholarly journals Reciprocal recombination and the evolution of the ribosomal gene family of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Williams ◽  
J A Kennison ◽  
L G Robbins ◽  
C Strobeck
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
Reciprocal Recombination ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Length Polymorphisms

Abstract The role of reciprocal recombination in the coevolution of the ribosomal RNA gene family on the X and Y chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster was assessed by determining the frequency and nature of such exchange. In order to detect exchange events within the ribosomal RNA gene family, both flanking markers and restriction fragment length polymorphisms within the tandemly repeated gene family were used. The vast majority of crossovers between flanking markers were within the ribosomal RNA gene region, indicating that this region is a hotspot for heterochromatic recombination. The frequency of crossovers within the ribosomal RNA gene region was approximately 10(-4) in both X/X and X/Y individuals. In conjunction with published X chromosome-specific and Y chromosome-specific sequences and restriction patterns, the data indicate that reciprocal recombination alone cannot be responsible for the observed variation in natural populations.

scholarly journals DIFFERENTIATION OF DROSOPHILA CELLS LACKING RIBOSOMAL DNA, IN VITRO

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434
Author(s):  
J James Donady ◽  
R L Seecof ◽  
M A Fox
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Drosophila Cells

ABSTRACT Drosophila melanogaster embryos that lacked ribosomal DNA were obtained from appropriate crosses. Cells were taken from such embryos before overt differentiation took place and were cultured in vitro. These cells differentiated into neurons and myocytes with the same success as did wild-type controls. Therefore, ribosomal RNA synthesis is not necessary for the differentiation of neurons and myocytes in vitro.

scholarly journals The Maternal Effect Mutation sésame Affects the Formation of the Male Pronucleus in Drosophila melanogaster

2000 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Loppin ◽  
Mylène Docquier ◽  
François Bonneton ◽  
Pierre Couble
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Male Pronucleus
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