scholarly journals MUTAGEN SPECIFICITY IN THE INDUCTION OF CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS IN SOMATIC CELLS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
S Pimpinelli ◽  
D Pignone ◽  
G Santini ◽  
M Gatti ◽  
G Olivieri
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Aberration Frequency ◽  
Mutagen Specificity ◽  
Methane Sulphonate

ABSTRACT The distribution of chromosomal aberrations between and within chromosomes of male D. melanogaster somatic cells after treatment with UV has been analyzed.—Distribution of the breaks between chromosomes was largely nonrandom since we found a higher aberration frequency than that expected on the Y chromosome. Moreover, within the chromosomes the aberrations are clustered in the pericentromeric heterochromatic regions. The above distribution is compared with that of the breaks induced by X rays and methyl-methane-sulphonate (MMS) which were distributed in a different pattern.

scholarly journals Tests for an effect of the Y-chromosome on the mutagenic action of formaldehyde and X-rays in Drosophila melanogaster

1968 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winston E. Ratnayake
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Mutagenic Action ◽  
X Rays

An additional Y-chromosome in either male or female did not have an influence on the mutagenic action of formaldehyde–food. It is concluded that the lack of response of female germs cells to this treatment is not due to lack of a Y-chromosome, and that the specific response of spermatocytes among germ cells is probably not due to the striking activity of the Y in these cells.Kershner's (1949) observation that the sex-linked lethal frequency in X-rayed males was significantly reduced by an additional Y-chromosome could not be confirmed.

Timing of DNA replication of translocated Y chromosome sections in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster

Chromosoma ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlotta Halfer ◽  
L. Tiepolo ◽  
C. Barigozzi ◽  
M. Fraccaro
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Somatic Cells

scholarly journals THE FREQUENCY PATTERN OF Y-CHROMOSOME LOSS MOSAICS INDUCED BY X-RAYS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
E. INAGAKI ◽  
K. FUJIKAWA ◽  
T. MIYAMOTO ◽  
Y. TERANISHI ◽  
Y. NAKAO
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Loss ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Frequency Pattern

scholarly journals DUMPY MUTATIONS FOLLOWING X-IRRADIATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MATURE SPERM IN OXYGEN OR IN NITROGEN

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-794
Author(s):  
Tomio Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Mature Sperm ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Enhancement Pattern ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Oxygen Enhancement

ABSTRACT A comparison was made of the oxygen enhancement pattern among the different kinds of dumpy mutations (olv, ov, ol, lv, o and v types), yellow mutations on the scute-8 chromosome, white, miniature and forked mutations, and the marker losses in the doubly marked Y chromosome [BS Y sc  8 (y  +)], all of which were induced by X rays in mature sperm of Drosophila melanogaster. The results indicate that (1) an essential difference does not exist in the oxygen enhancement pattern between the different kinds of dumpy mutations, except for the ov exceptions. For these exceptions, relatively high enhancement by oxygen is elucidated; (2) a similarity exists in the oxygen enhancement pattern among the different kinds of dumpy mutations (except for the ov exceptions), yellow, miniature and forked mutations, and BS and y  + marker losses; and (3) the oxygen enhancement pattern elucidated for the ov exceptions is similar to that for the white mutations. These findings suggest that the nature of the different kinds of dumpy mutations is not different from one another, except for the ov exceptions, and that except for these ov exceptions and the white mutations, there seems to be some kind of similarity in the nature of mutation among the different kinds of mutations studied.

Transvection and Silencing of the Scr Homeotic Gene of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
pp. 733-746
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W Southworth ◽  
James A Kennison
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Polycomb Group ◽  
Homeotic Gene ◽  
Polycomb Group Proteins ◽  
Sex Combs Reduced ◽  
In Cis

Abstract The Sex combs reduced (Scr) gene specifies the identities of the labial and first thoracic segments in Drosophila melanogaster. In imaginal cells, some Scr mutations allow cis-regulatory elements on one chromosome to stimulate expression of the promoter on the homolog, a phenomenon that was named transvection by Ed Lewis in 1954. Transvection at the Scr gene is blocked by rearrangements that disrupt pairing, but is zeste independent. Silencing of the Scr gene in the second and third thoracic segments, which requires the Polycomb group proteins, is disrupted by most chromosomal aberrations within the Scr gene. Some chromosomal aberrations completely derepress Scr even in the presence of normal levels of all Polycomb group proteins. On the basis of the pattern of chromosomal aberrations that disrupt Scr gene silencing, we propose a model in which two cis-regulatory elements interact to stabilize silencing of any promoter or cis-regulatory element physically between them. This model also explains the anomalous behavior of the Scx allele of the flanking homeotic gene, Antennapedia. This allele, which is associated with an insertion near the Antennapedia P1 promoter, inactivates the Antennapedia P1 and P2 promoters in cis and derepresses the Scr promoters both in cis and on the homologous chromosome.

scholarly journals THE INTERCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF MUTATIONS INDUCED IN OOCYTES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER BY CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL MUTAGENS

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
H Traut
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Lethal Mutation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mutagenic Treatment ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Recessive Lethal ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
X Irradiation

ABSTRACT When females of Drosophila melanogaster are treated with chemical or physical mutagens, not only in one but also in both of the two homologous X chromosomes of a given oocyte, a recessive sex-linked lethal mutation may be induced. A method is described that discriminates between such "single" and "double mutations." A theory is developed to show how a comparison between the expected and the observed frequency of double mutations yields an indication of the intercellular distribution (random or nonrandom) of recessive lethal mutations induced by mutagenic agents in oocytes and, consequently, of the distribution (homogeneous or nonhomogeneous) of those agents.—Three agents were tested: FUdR (12.5, 50.0 and 81.0,μg/ml), mitomycin C (130.0 μg/ml) and X rays (2000 R, 150 kV). After FUdR feeding, no increase in the mutation frequency usually observed in D. melanogaster without mutagenic treatment was obtained (u=0.13%, namely three single mutations among 2332 chromosomes tested). After mitomycin C feeding, 104. single and three double mutations were obtained. All of the 50 mutations observed after X irradiation were single mutations. The results obtained in the mitomycin C and radiation experiments favor the assumption of a random intercellular distribution of recessive lethal mutations induced by these two agents in oocytes of D. melanogaster. Reasons are discussed why for other types of mutagenic agents nonrandom distributions may be observed with our technique.

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