scholarly journals DUMPY MUTATIONS FOLLOWING X-IRRADIATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MATURE SPERM IN OXYGEN OR IN NITROGEN

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-794
Author(s):  
Tomio Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Mature Sperm ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Enhancement Pattern ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Oxygen Enhancement

ABSTRACT A comparison was made of the oxygen enhancement pattern among the different kinds of dumpy mutations (olv, ov, ol, lv, o and v types), yellow mutations on the scute-8 chromosome, white, miniature and forked mutations, and the marker losses in the doubly marked Y chromosome [BS Y sc  8 (y  +)], all of which were induced by X rays in mature sperm of Drosophila melanogaster. The results indicate that (1) an essential difference does not exist in the oxygen enhancement pattern between the different kinds of dumpy mutations, except for the ov exceptions. For these exceptions, relatively high enhancement by oxygen is elucidated; (2) a similarity exists in the oxygen enhancement pattern among the different kinds of dumpy mutations (except for the ov exceptions), yellow, miniature and forked mutations, and BS and y  + marker losses; and (3) the oxygen enhancement pattern elucidated for the ov exceptions is similar to that for the white mutations. These findings suggest that the nature of the different kinds of dumpy mutations is not different from one another, except for the ov exceptions, and that except for these ov exceptions and the white mutations, there seems to be some kind of similarity in the nature of mutation among the different kinds of mutations studied.

scholarly journals THE INTERCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF MUTATIONS INDUCED IN OOCYTES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER BY CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL MUTAGENS

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
H Traut
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Lethal Mutation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mutagenic Treatment ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Recessive Lethal ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
X Irradiation

ABSTRACT When females of Drosophila melanogaster are treated with chemical or physical mutagens, not only in one but also in both of the two homologous X chromosomes of a given oocyte, a recessive sex-linked lethal mutation may be induced. A method is described that discriminates between such "single" and "double mutations." A theory is developed to show how a comparison between the expected and the observed frequency of double mutations yields an indication of the intercellular distribution (random or nonrandom) of recessive lethal mutations induced by mutagenic agents in oocytes and, consequently, of the distribution (homogeneous or nonhomogeneous) of those agents.—Three agents were tested: FUdR (12.5, 50.0 and 81.0,μg/ml), mitomycin C (130.0 μg/ml) and X rays (2000 R, 150 kV). After FUdR feeding, no increase in the mutation frequency usually observed in D. melanogaster without mutagenic treatment was obtained (u=0.13%, namely three single mutations among 2332 chromosomes tested). After mitomycin C feeding, 104. single and three double mutations were obtained. All of the 50 mutations observed after X irradiation were single mutations. The results obtained in the mitomycin C and radiation experiments favor the assumption of a random intercellular distribution of recessive lethal mutations induced by these two agents in oocytes of D. melanogaster. Reasons are discussed why for other types of mutagenic agents nonrandom distributions may be observed with our technique.

scholarly journals Tests for an effect of the Y-chromosome on the mutagenic action of formaldehyde and X-rays in Drosophila melanogaster

1968 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winston E. Ratnayake
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Mutagenic Action ◽  
X Rays

An additional Y-chromosome in either male or female did not have an influence on the mutagenic action of formaldehyde–food. It is concluded that the lack of response of female germs cells to this treatment is not due to lack of a Y-chromosome, and that the specific response of spermatocytes among germ cells is probably not due to the striking activity of the Y in these cells.Kershner's (1949) observation that the sex-linked lethal frequency in X-rayed males was significantly reduced by an additional Y-chromosome could not be confirmed.

scholarly journals THE FREQUENCY PATTERN OF Y-CHROMOSOME LOSS MOSAICS INDUCED BY X-RAYS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
E. INAGAKI ◽  
K. FUJIKAWA ◽  
T. MIYAMOTO ◽  
Y. TERANISHI ◽  
Y. NAKAO
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Loss ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Frequency Pattern

scholarly journals MUTAGEN SPECIFICITY IN THE INDUCTION OF CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS IN SOMATIC CELLS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
S Pimpinelli ◽  
D Pignone ◽  
G Santini ◽  
M Gatti ◽  
G Olivieri
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Aberration Frequency ◽  
Mutagen Specificity ◽  
Methane Sulphonate

ABSTRACT The distribution of chromosomal aberrations between and within chromosomes of male D. melanogaster somatic cells after treatment with UV has been analyzed.—Distribution of the breaks between chromosomes was largely nonrandom since we found a higher aberration frequency than that expected on the Y chromosome. Moreover, within the chromosomes the aberrations are clustered in the pericentromeric heterochromatic regions. The above distribution is compared with that of the breaks induced by X rays and methyl-methane-sulphonate (MMS) which were distributed in a different pattern.

Eds Of Radioactive Particles By Self-Induced Fluorescence

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Finch ◽  
Richard G. Cuddihy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Reactor Accident ◽  
Internal Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
External Sources ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Individual Particles

The elemental composition of individual particles is commonly measured by using energydispersive spectroscopic microanalysis (EDS) of samples excited with electron beam irradiation. Similarly, several investigators have characterized particles by using external monochromatic X-irradiation rather than electrons. However, there is little available information describing measurements of particulate characteristic X rays produced not from external sources of radiation, but rather from internal radiation contained within the particle itself. Here, we describe the low-energy (< 20 KeV) characteristic X-ray spectra produced by internal radiation self-excitation of two general types of particulate samples; individual radioactive particles produced during the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident and radioactive fused aluminosilicate particles (FAP). In addition, we compare these spectra with those generated by conventional EDS.Approximately thirty radioactive particle samples from the Chernobyl accident were on a sample of wood that was near the reactor when the accident occurred. Individual particles still on the wood were microdissected from the bulk matrix after bulk autoradiography.

scholarly journals A NOTE ON THE MATERNAL EFFECT MUTANTS DAUGHTERLESS AND ABNORMAL OOCYTE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Arthur P Mange ◽  
L Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Dominant Marker ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chromosome Breakpoint ◽  
Special Region

ABSTRACT Two deficiencies for, and a dominant enhancer of, the second chromosome maternal effect mutant, "daughterless" (da), were induced with X-irradiation. Their properties were studied with respect to both da and the linked maternal effect mutant, "abnormal oocyte" (abo), with the following conclusions. (1) The most probable map positions of da and abo are: J–½–da–2½–abo, where J is a dominant marker located at 41 on the standard map. (2) The da locus is in bands 31CD-F on the polytene chromosome map; abo is to the right of 32A. (3) Because homozygous da individuals survive while individuals carrying da and a deficiency for da are lethal, it is concluded that da is hypomorphic. (4) From a weak da-like maternal effect in heterozygous da females induced by an "Enhancer of da," we have confirmed a previous report that (a) the amount of sex chromosome heterochromatin contributed by the father can influence the severity of the da maternal effect, and (b) the sex chromosome heterochromatin which influences the da effect is different from that which influences the abo effect. (5) The possibility that da and abo are in a special region of chromosome 2 concerned with the regulation of sex chromosome heterochromatin is strengthened by the observation that the Enhancer of da appears to rescue abnormal eggs produced by homozygous abo mothers. (6) The Enhancer of da is a translocation between chromosomes 2 and 3 with the second chromosome breakpoint in the basal heterochromatin; because the enhancing effect maps in this region of chromosome 2, it is possible that autosomal, as well as sex chromosomal, heterochromatin interacts with da and abo.

scholarly journals THE MECHANISM OF A BROODING EFFECT ASSOCIATED WITH SEGREGATION DISTORTION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-631
Author(s):  
D L Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Mature Sperm ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Short Time

ABSTRACT The recovery of the SD chromosome from a heterozygous SD male increases with brood. This is independent of the age of the female, occurs during the time the sperm are stored in the females, disappears when the segregation distortion is suppressed, and is temperature-sensitive-temperature shocks above or below 25°C applied to the mature sperm both tend to accelerate the increase in the recovery of SD. All this suggests the existence of a class of sperm affected by SD in which the sperm are able to fertilize eggs for a short time following ejaculation but become dysfunctional thereafter.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document