Effects of Temperature on Growth and Development of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lang Yang ◽  
Li-Fei Huang ◽  
Wei-Li Wang ◽  
En-Hai Chen ◽  
Hong-Song Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Survival

Abstract The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is one of the most serious and destructive pests of rice in Asia. Climate warming in tropical regions and extreme-high- or low-temperature events may become limiting factors affecting the survival and distribution of N. lugens. The effects of continuous high temperature (CHT), discontinuous high temperature (DHT), and abnormal low temperature in summer (ALT) on the growth and development of N. lugens were studied under lab conditions. High temperatures and ALT decreased the survival rate of nymphs (in fourth-instar nymphs, CHT, DHT, ALT, and control survival was 46.67% ± 1.67, 31.67% ± 1.67, 48.33% ± 4.41, and 60.00% ± 2.89, respectively, P < 0.05). ALT also prolonged the development of N. lugens nymphs (in fourth-instar nymphs, ALT and control survival was 6.09 ± 0.193 d and 5.39 ± 0.082 d, respectively, P < 0.05). In fifth-instar nymphs, CHT (2.36 ± 0.064 d, P < 0.05) and DHT (2.34 ± 0.048 d, P < 0.05) had little influence on nymphal development compared with the control (2.25 ± 0.012 d, P < 0.05). The three temperature treatments (CHT, DHT, and ALT) decreased the number of eggs produced (61.33 ± 0.067, 62.67 ± 0.882, and 34.00 ± 0.577, respectively, P < 0.05) compared with the control (68.00 ± 1.000, P < 0.05). The female sex ratio decreased after nymphs were subjected to CHT (65.82% ± 0.771, P < 0.05, in fifth-instar nymphs) and ALT (76.01% ± 1.362, P < 0.05) compared with the control (81.63% ± 1.007, P < 0.05). Adults in CHT (25.30 ± 0.182, P < 0.05) and DHT (14.64 ± 0.238, P < 0.05) consumed significantly more food than the control (11.54 ± 0.181, P < 0.05), but adults in ALT (6.54 ± 0.196, P < 0.05) fed significantly less than the control (11.54 ± 0.181, P < 0.05). Hatching rates of eggs under the three temperature treatments (CHT, DHT, and ALT were 69.57% ± 0.215, 71.29% ± 0.529, and 43.13% ± 0.508, respectively, and were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the control (78.95% ± 1.000, P < 0.05). These experiments revealed that extreme temperatures can influence the growth and development of N. lugens and may affect its distribution. As such, N. lugens remains a serious pest of rice.

scholarly journals Compatibility Between Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) and Neem Extract against Brown Plant-Hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Nova Laili Wisuda ◽  
Tri Harjaka ◽  
Indah Dwi Prasetyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽  
And Control

Beauveria bassiana fungi and neem extract as botanical insecticide can be combined to get the synergizing effect to control brown planthopper (BPH). This study was conducted to determine the best combination between the spore density of B. bassiana and concentration of neem extract to control BPH effectively. The two factorial treatment consisted concentration of B. bassiana (106  Colony Forming Unit (CFU) and 107 CFU) and concentration of neem extract (5%, 10%, 15%), and control.  The treatments were assigned in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and  LSD at 5%. The test was conducted in vitro and bio assay of testing insects, BPH, was conducted using dipping method.  B. bassiana was suitable with neem extract with T value ranged from 78.58- 90.38. The mortality of BPH occurred on day 5 after application. The highest mortality (91.67%) occurred on the treatment with B. bassiana 107 CFU + neem extract 10%. The shortest LT50 was found at the treatment of B. bassiana 106 CFU+  neem extract 15%  (2.74 days) but not significantly different from B. bassiana 107 CFU + neem extract 15% (2.76 days). B. bassiana spores combined with neem extract are assumed to speed up the mortality of BPH by increasing the concentration.

scholarly journals The Effect of Antibiotic Treatment on the Bacterial Community of the Brown Planthopper and Its Correlation with Rice Virulence

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2327
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Xu ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Hantao Zhou ◽  
Ming Tang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

The prevention and control of planthoppers represent important issues for rice production. Current long-term control methods rely on pesticides, which raise concerns about environmental pollution. Recently, evidence has suggested that bacterial symbionts are important factors influencing the formation of Hemiptera insect biotypes and the selection of host plants for insects, which suggesting that targeting bacterial communities may be an effective alternative method for planthopper control. In this study, we perturbed the bacterial communities of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, by feeding antibiotic-treated rice and used RNA-seq to examine the transcriptome of normal rice fed with perturbed BPHs by RNA-seq. Our results showed that the composition of the bacterial communities significantly changed after the perturbation, which was accompanied by changes in distinct biological processes of rice, especially the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, compared with the effect of the BPH feeding on rice without bacterial communities perturbation. Our work establishes a protocol for bacterial communities perturbation in BPH, demonstrating the link between bacterial community and the responses to BPH feeding and providing new insights into the interaction between BPH and rice.

High Temperature Modifies Resistance Performances of Rice Varieties to Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

Rice Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-ju WANG ◽  
Hong-xing XU ◽  
Xu-song ZHENG ◽  
Qiang FU ◽  
Zhong-xian LU
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

scholarly journals Effects of ambient temperature on body size and organ development in broilers

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Qiao Yingying ◽  
Oleksandr Kyselov ◽  
Liu Changzhong
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Temperature Group

The current study investigated the effect of poultry house temperature change on the growth and development of both broiler chickens themselves and the development of their individual organs. Following 42 days of rearing, results showed that the body oblique length, chest width, chest depth, chest angle, keel length, pelvic width, and tibial length of broilers in the low temperature group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05), while the breast depth of broiler chickens in the high-temperature group was significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, low temperatures significantly increased the function of the heart, liver, spleen and pancreas of broiler chickens (P<0.05). After 7 days of rearing, the bursal index of broilers in the high temperature group was significantly higher than in the control group as well as in the low temperature group (P<0.05). Previous research has established that high and low temperatures significantly affect the growth and development as well as the immunity of broiler chickens, namely that low environmental temperatures have a more adverse effect on broiler chickens than high temperatures. Consequently, using and maintaining high temperatures early in rearing helps to improve the immunity of broilers and improve their performance. The results of our study provides an opportunity to provide both a theoretical and a practical basis for accurate temperature setting in poultry houses for effective breeding of broiler chickens, which will make it possible to increase the productivity of broiler chickens and increase the economic efficiency of the poultry house. Key words: temperature, breeding, body weight, organ development, broilers chickens.

Trap Crops: How Far We Are From Using Them in Cereal Crops?

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamika Sharma ◽  
Govinda Shrestha ◽  
Gadi V P Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Insect Behavior ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Trap Crops

Abstract Trap crops are plants grown along with the main crop in order to manipulate insect behavior to manage the insect pests and are used as a cultural management strategy in several crops. Trap crops also provide habitat to natural enemies and can reduce the need for insecticides and hence reduce the development of insecticide resistance. The attractiveness of the trap crop, the timing of planting, and the space it occupies are major factors to consider before selecting and using a trap crop. The addition of semiochemicals and incorporation of ‘stimulo-deterrent diversion’ can increase the efficiency of trap crops. The important insect pests of cereal crops reported to managed by using trap crops include the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), on wheat and the stem borers Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and Busseola fusca (Fuller) on maize and sorghum. Other insect pests such as soil-dwelling wireworms [Agriotes obscurus L., Limonius californicus (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Elateridae)] on potatoes and the aphids Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and Rhopalosiphum padi L. on wheat and the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) on rice are also possible to manage by using trap crops. Cereal crops such as maize and wheat are sometimes themselves used as trap crops, yet there have been only a handful of attempts made to use trap crops in cereal crops. The major limiting factors in using trap crops in cereal crops are environmental conditions, variation in landscape and cultivation practices. Nonetheless, trap crops remain an important tool of integrated pest management, and future studies should work to improve the efficacy, cost efficiency, and availability of alternative trap crops for use in cereal cultivation.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON DEVELOPMENTAL RATE AND FECUNDITY OF THE PEAR PSYLLA, PSYLLA PYRICOLA (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLIDAE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. McMullen ◽  
C. Jong
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Pear Psylla ◽  
And Control

AbstractAt constant temperatures between 10.0° and 32.2°C with 16 h photoperiod development of eggs and nymphs was slowest at 10.0° (61.8 days av.) and most rapid at 26.7°C (27.0 days av.). Mortality of eggs and nymphs was moderate (43.7%) at 10.0°, least (24.2%) at 21.1°, and 100% at 32.2°C. Between 15.6° and 35.0°C, 16 h photoperiod, fecundity of winter form adults was greatest (486.3 eggs av) at 15.6° and lowest (0.0 eggs) at 35.0°C. For summer form adults fecundity was moderate (212.4 eggs av.) at 15.6°, maximum (444.9 and 447.3 eggs av., respectively) at 21.1° and 26.7°C, and least (2.8 eggs av.) at 35.0°C. Longevity of male and female winter and summer forms was greatest at the low temperature and least at the high temperature. These data are discussed with relation to field observations of natural pear psylla populations and control programs.

scholarly journals Development of thermotolerant isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. with ethyl methanesulfonate

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanisa Wongwanich ◽  
Payorm Cobelli ◽  
Duangkamon Boonchuay ◽  
Teerada Wangsomboondee
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractBeauveria bassianais an entomopathogenic fungus that is widely used in Thailand to control pest insects. However, the increasing temperature has influenced the insect control efficiency of the fungus. Therefore, determination of thermotolerant isolates ofB. bassianathat can grow and remain pathogenic at higher temperatures than its current optimum temperature may be a better way to control pest insects in a high temperature environment. Three isolates ofB. bassianaobtained from the Rice Department, Thailand were selected for mutagenesis using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) with subsequent screening at high temperatures (33 and 35°C). In addition, the recovery of fungal growth after exposure to a high temperature for a period of time (5–15 days) and then transferring to 25°C was evaluated. No isolates were found that grew at 35°C but one mutant isolate (BCNT002MT) produced larger diameter colonies and more spores than the corresponding wild type (WT) at 33°C. Growth and spore production of the BCNT002MT isolate were greater than its WT when incubated at 25°C for 14 days following exposure to 33°C for 7 days. In addition, the spore germination level (%) of BCNT002MT was significantly higher than its WT during culture at 25°C after prior exposure to 33°C for 5, 10 and 15 days. The pathogenicity against the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens(Stål), of this mutant isolate was also prominent.

scholarly journals Evolutionary history of the C-repeat binding factor/dehydration-responsive element-binding 1 (CBF/DREB1) protein family in 43 plant species and characterization of CBF/DREB1 proteins in Solanum tuberosum

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Li ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Minghui Ye ◽  
Haibin Lu ◽  
Dongdong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Temperature Stresses ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Responsive Element

Abstract Background Plants are easily affected by temperature variations, and high temperature (heat stress) and low temperature (cold stress) will lead to poor plant development and reduce crop yields. Therefore, it is very important to identify resistance genes for improving the ability of plants to resist heat stress or cold stress by using modern biotechnology. Members of the C-repeat binding factor/Dehydration responsive element-binding 1 (CBF/DREB1) protein family are related to the stress resistance of many plant species. These proteins affect the growth and development of plants and play vital roles during environmental stress (cold, heat, drought, salt, etc.). In this study, we identified CBF/DREB1 genes from 43 plant species (including algae, moss, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms) by using bioinformatic methods to clarify the characteristics of the CBF/DREB1 protein family members and their functions in potato under heat and cold stresses. Results In this study, we identified 292 CBF/DREB1 proteins from 43 plant species. However, no CBF/DREB1 protein was found in algae, moss, ferns, or gymnosperms; members of this protein family exist only in angiosperms. Phylogenetic analysis of all the CBF/DREB1 proteins revealed five independent groups. Among them, the genes of group I do not exist in eudicots and are found only in monocots, indicating that these genes have a special effect on monocots. The analysis of motifs, gene duplication events, and the expression data from the PGSC website revealed the gene structures, evolutionary relationships, and expression patterns of the CBF/DREB1 proteins. In addition, analysis of the transcript levels of the 8 CBF/DREB1 genes in potato (Solanum tuberosum) under low-temperature and high-temperature stresses showed that these genes were related to temperature stresses. In particular, the expression levels of StCBF3 and StCBF4 in the leaves, stems, and roots significantly increased under high-temperature conditions, which suggested that StCBF3 and StCBF4 may be closely related to heat tolerance in potato. Conclusion Overall, members of the CBF/DREB1 protein family exist only in angiosperms and plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. In addition, the CBF/DREB1 protein family is related to the heat and cold resistance of potato. Our research revealed the evolution of the CBF/DREB1 family, and is useful for studying the precise functions of the CBF/DREB1 proteins when the plants are developing and are under temperature stress.

scholarly journals Menguji Tingkat Serangan Wereng Batang Coklat Nilaparvata lugens Stal (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pada Varietas Padi Asal Pasaman di Rumah Kaca

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Eva Zulaikha ◽  
Arneti Arneti ◽  
Munzir Busniah
Keyword(s):  
Attack Rate ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽  
And Control

Brown planthopper (BPH) is a major pest on rice plants that can cause hopperburn and crop failure. The study aimed to determine the level of BPH attack on several local rice varieties in the Pasaman Regency. This research was conducted in a greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, using a completely randomized design (CRD), with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were four different rice varieties from Pasaman and control (Siganteng, Pulau Batu, Mundam Kuning, Mundam Putih, IR 42). BPH was infested when the rice was five days after sowing. Observation parameters were the percentage and the intensity of the attacks. Observations were done until 15 days after infestation; after the IR 42 variety died 90%. The results showed that the attack rate of BPH on rice varieties from Pasaman was moderate. The lowest percentage of attack occurred in the Mundam Putih variety (94%), while the intensity of the attack was not significantly different from other varieties.

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