Wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Species Composition and Management in Sweet Potato Grown in North Florida Using Chemical Insecticides and Entomopathogenic Nematodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1415-1426
Author(s):  
Dakshina R Seal ◽  
Anil B Baniya ◽  
Ruhiyyih Dyrdahl-Young ◽  
Robert C Hochmuth ◽  
Norman C Leppla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
Soil Insects ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Wireworm Damage

Abstract Wireworms are immature stages of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) and are considered a serious threat to sweet potato production in the southern United States. The major wireworm species collected in North Florida sweet potato fields in 2017 and 2018 were Conoderus scissus, C. rudis, C. amplicollis, and C. falli. These species vary in their behavior and biology. During a 2-yr study period, we conducted two insecticide field trials using eleven insecticides belonging to organophosphates, neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, and botanical classes, and three field trials using entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species to control wireworms. In 2017, all insecticide treatments significantly reduced new feeding holes and total holes (old + new + other) as compared to the untreated control. In 2018, the result was similar with a few variations. In both years, all insecticides showed a percentage reduction in wireworm damage holes (2017: 34.88–96.19%; 2018: 12.38–97.02%) with the highest by Regent. In the EPN field study, one application of EPN near planting significantly reduced soil insects. In a laboratory study conducted at the Tropical Research and Education Center, UF-IFAS, chlorpyrifos caused higher percentage mortality of C. rudis (55.5%) than C. scissus (22.2%). At the present experiment rates, none of the insecticides caused the mortality of C. amplicollis. Heterorhabditids strain ‘FL-2122’ was more susceptible to chlorpyrifos than other strains of EPN.

scholarly journals Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) for the control of Diabrotica speciosa germar (coleoptera: chrysomelidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Santos ◽  
Alcides Moino Junior ◽  
Vanessa Andaló ◽  
Camila Costa Moreira ◽  
Ricardo Alves de Olinda
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Steinernema Glaseri ◽  
Soil Insects ◽  
Diabrotica Speciosa ◽  
Pupal Mortality

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are used in biological control of soil insects and show promise in the control of D. speciosa. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of native and exotic entomopathogenic nematode isolates in the control of D. speciosa under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Results showed that all of EPNs caused larval mortality. The most virulent were Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 (94%), Steinernema glaseri (84%), Heterorhabditis sp. JPM04 (82%) and Heterorhabditis amazonensis RSC05 (78%). There was no effect of the Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 and S. glaseri isolates on eggs. The maximum mortality of D. speciosa larvae by Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 was observed at a concentration of 300 IJ/ insect, while by S. glaseri observed the highest mortality at the concentration of 200 IJ/ insect. The Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 isolate caused over 80% pupal mortality at a concentration of 250 IJ/insect. The virulence of Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 and S. glaseri was affected by temperature. The Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 isolate caused reduction in larva survival under greenhouse conditions at all of the tested concentrations and there was no difference in mortality among different concentrations of infectid juveniles.

scholarly journals Reduced Emergence of Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Sweet Potato Roots by Heterorhabditis indica

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1129-1133
Author(s):  
Roxana Y Myers ◽  
Charmaine D Sylva ◽  
Cathy L Mello ◽  
Kirsten A Snook
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Heterorhabditis Indica ◽  
Cylas Formicarius ◽  
Virgin Land ◽  
Cylas Formicarius Elegantulus ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Abstract Okinawan sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas, is an important food staple and export crop for the Island of Hawaii. Cylas formicarius elegantulus, sweet potato weevil, is a major quarantine pest that causes severe destruction to the crop. Root malformation and a bitter taste occur when larvae feed and tunnel within the storage root. Off-grade roots are often left in the field after harvest and serve as a reservoir for the weevils. Current management involves the unsustainable practice of moving to virgin land for the next cropping cycle. Strains of Heterorhabditis indica isolated from the Hawaiian Islands were tested for their efficacy at causing mortality of C. formicarius and reducing the emergence of adults from infested roots. In well plate assays, H. indica caused mortality of 88% larvae, 96% pupae, and 4% adults after 48 h. When applied to infested roots, the nematodes caused an average mortality of 78% larvae, 66% pupae, and 32% adults. Greater mortality was observed at the highest inoculum levels (10,000 infective juveniles per storage tuber) but a reduction of 90% inoculum density was still effective at weevil management. In simulated field trials, infestation of storage roots was reduced by 42–99.6% when planted among infested roots that had been inoculated with H. indica. Rates of 2.5 billion IJs/hectare were just as effective as 5 billion IJs/hectare. Application of local H. indica strains in sweet potato production has the potential to manage C. formicarius populations and allow for consecutive cropping seasons.

scholarly journals [IN1339] Managing Wireworms in Florida Sweet Potatoes

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hochmuth ◽  
Dakshina Seal ◽  
Norman Leppla ◽  
Daniel Fenneman ◽  
Rhoda Broughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
New Research ◽  
Adequate Management

This publication describes current methods for managing wireworms in sweet potato. Wireworms, the larvae of click beetles, are the most damaging insect pests of those that infest the foliage and roots. Soil tillage and crop rotation can suppress populations of these root pests but adequate management requires diligent surveillance and the use of insecticides. Describes new research on managing wireworms with alternative insecticide active ingredients and entomopathogenic nematodes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biological and Chemical Applications for Control of Iris Borer

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
Stanton A. Gill ◽  
Michael J. Raupp
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Systemic Insecticide ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Research And Education

Abstract Two species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and two synthetic chemicals, Dimetheoate and Imidachloprid, were evaluated for suppression of the iris borer, Macronoctua onusta, on bearded iris. Field trials were conducted in prepared planting beds of bearded iris established at the Central Maryland Research and Education Center in Ellicott City, MD. Examination of larval galleries in the rhizome and number of live larvae found were used to evaluate the effectiveness of each treatment. The applications of all rates of entomopathogenic nematodes and the systemic insecticide, Imidachloprid, gave control equal to that of Dimethoate. All treatments gave significant control of iris borer compared to the control. Imidachloprid reduced borer larvae by 87% reduction; S. carpocapsae (all rates and aerated and none aerated) provided 100% control; H. bacteriophora provided 87% control; as did Dimetheoate.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Seedling Grow-Out Experiments Do Not Support Seed Transmission of Sweet Potato Leaf Curl Virus in Sweet Potato

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Andreason ◽  
Omotola G. Olaniyi ◽  
Andrea C. Gilliard ◽  
Phillip A. Wadl ◽  
Livy H. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Vector Transmission ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Potato Seedlings ◽  
Leaf Curl

Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) threatens global sweet potato production. SPLCV is transmitted by Bemisia tabaci or via infected vegetative planting materials; however, SPLCV was suggested to be seed transmissible, which is a characteristic that is disputed for geminiviruses. The objective of this study was to revisit the validity of seed transmission of SPLCV in sweet potato. Using large-scale grow-out of sweet potato seedlings from SPLCV-contaminated seeds over 4 consecutive years, approximately 23,034 sweet potato seedlings of 118 genotype entries were evaluated. All seedlings germinating in a greenhouse under insect-proof conditions or in a growth chamber were free of SPLCV; however, a few seedlings grown in an open bench greenhouse lacking insect exclusion tested positive for SPLCV. Inspection of these seedlings revealed that B. tabaci had infiltrated the greenhouse. Therefore, transmission experiments were conducted using B. tabaci MEAM1, demonstrating successful vector transmission of SPLCV to sweet potato. Additionally, tests on contaminated seed coats and germinating cotyledons demonstrated that SPLCV contaminated a high percentage of seed coats collected from infected maternal plants, but SPLCV was never detected in emerging cotyledons. Based on the results of grow-out experiments, seed coat and cotyledon tests, and vector transmission experiments, we conclude that SPLCV is not seed transmitted in sweet potato.

scholarly journals Food Security and Income through Sweet Potato Production in Teso, Uganda

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
William Faustine Epeju ◽  
Peter Milton Rukundo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Adequate Food

Two relevant studies on food security are referred to in the article. Food insecurity from time to time threatens in Teso sub region which houses a viable Teso agricultural system. One study was done during 2001-2003 in Teso on sweet potato production with 650 persons participating and the second one was done in one disaster affected area of Bududa District nearby during 2012-2016 when 1,142 persons participated. Kiryandongo District where Bududa landslide survivors were resettled in Uganda was included in that study. Participatory methods such as focus group discussions, farm observations, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires were used. Both studies used qualitative and quantitative methods for data analysis. The sweet potato stands second after cassava as the crop for famine and disaster periods in Teso to meet the human right to adequate food to complement the well dried cereals & grain legumes that stored longer. Livestock especially was also one of the prime determinants of food security and income in Teso. Free from cyanides with a good content of affordable Vitamin A from orange fleshed varieties, sweet potatoes in Teso contributed about 61% to the yearly food per capita of the population thus a recommendable crop for sustainable food security and some income in Teso and beyond. 

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF SWEET POTATO SOIL INSECTS, 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Smith ◽  
J. M. Beuzelin ◽  
T. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Soil Insects

scholarly journals Yield and soil insect resistance in sweet potato clones

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane da Silva Nóbrega ◽  
José Ricardo Peixoto ◽  
Michelle Souza Vilela ◽  
Anne Kelly da Silva Nóbrega ◽  
Elaine Caetano Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Soil Insects

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a rustic horticultural crop with high production potential. However, the crop is susceptible to many pests and diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate 10 genotypes of sweet potato regarding their yield and resistance to soil insects, under Brazilian cerrado soil conditions. Genotypes were selected from the Sweet Potato Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Hortaliças. The experiment was conducted at Água Limpa Farm, belonging to University of Brasilia (UnB), and consisted of a randomized block design, with 10 treatments (genotypes), 10 plants per plot, and four replications. The following traits were analyzed: number of perforations per root, incidence of roots injured by insects, plant resistance degree, root shape, total and marketable root yields, root peel color, root pulp color, pulp total soluble solids, pulp titratable acidity, pulp TSS/TA ratio, pulp moisture, and pulp starch yield. Genotype CNPH 53 (26.78 t ha-1) presented total root yield greater than the commercial variety Brazlândia Rosada (17.54 t ha-1). Genotype Santa Sofia (11.77 t ha-1) and Brazlândia (13.5 t ha-1) had similar marketable root yields. CNPH 53 showed the best agronomic performance, exhibiting moderate susceptibility to soil insects and root shape meeting the market standards. It also had low pulp TA (2.53%); high pulp TSS (12.25 °Brix) and pulp TSS/AT ratio (4.24); pulp moisture content close to 70%; and the highest pulp starch content (11.98%). The traits number of perforations per root, root shape, and pulp TA presented heritability values close to 70%. Marketable root yield, pulp moisture, and pulp starch content demonstrated heritability values greater than 90% and CVG/CVE greater than 1.

scholarly journals The use of humic acid urea fertilizer for increasing yield and utilization of nitrogen in sweet potato  

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Xiaoguang ◽  
Kou Meng ◽  
Tang Zhonghou ◽  
Zhang Aijun ◽  
Li Hongmin
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Nitrogen Absorption ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Urea Fertilizer

Humic acid urea fertilizer (HA-N) is a new type of slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer that can enhance utilization rate of urea, and consequently increases crop yield. However, there were few researches about the effect of HA-N on the nitrogen absorption and utilization in sweet potato production. Hence, the effect of HA-N on nitrogen accumulation and distribution, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and yield of sweet potato was studied in the field using the <sup>15</sup>N tracer technique. Results showed that HA-N significantly increased the number of storage roots per plant and the average fresh weight per storage root, as well as the yield increased by 29.6% compared with urea fertilizer. Furthermore, nitrogen accumulation of total plant was higher under the HA-N. In addition, HA-N significantly increased nitrogen production efficiency of fertilizer and nitrogen production efficiency. Results of a <sup>15</sup>N tracer experiment revealed that the percentage of nitrogen absorbed by plant from fertilizer increased from 31.1% to 38.7% and NUE increased from 33.5% to 44.8% with application of HA-N when compared with single N treatment, respectively. HA-N significantly increased sweet potato storage root yield, nitrogen absorption and NUE, as well as it reduced the loss of nitrogen fertilizer.  

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