Effectiveness of Blacklight-Chemosterilant Feeder and Trichogramma spp. in Reducing Egg Hatch of Heliothis spp. 1 in a Large Field Cage 3

1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Gentry ◽  
J. R. Young ◽  
R. L. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Large Field ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Heliothis Spp

Stem treatments to cotton with systemic insecticides against Heliothis zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (F.)

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-558
Author(s):  
R. L. Ridgway ◽  
L. A. Bariola ◽  
S. L. Jones ◽  
W. L. Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Systemic Action ◽  
American Cyanamid ◽  
Systemic Insecticides ◽  
Dimethyl Phosphate ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
Cotton Plants

Laboratory and field-cage studies were conducted in Texas in 1965 to evaluate treatments of the systemic insecticides, Azodrin (3-hydroxy-N-methyl-cis-crotonamide dimethyl phosphate), Bidrin (3-hydroxy-N, N dimethyl-cis-crotonamide dimethyl phosphate), American Cyanamid CL-47031 (cyclic ethylene (diethoxy-phosphinyl) dithioimidocarbonate) and Temik (2-methyl-2-(methylthio) propion-aldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl) oxime), applied incorporated in lanolin to the stems of cotton plants against Heliothis zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (F.). Reductions in numbers of developing larvae of H. zea were substantial on individual plants the stems of which had been treated with Azodrin or CL-47031 and which were artificially infested with eggs. When first-instar larvae of H. zea or H. virescens were caged on plants 3, 7 or 14 days after stem treatment with 2.5, 5.0 or 100 mg. Azodrin, Bidrin or CL-47031 per plant, net mortalities ranged from 21 to 80 per cent after three days. The mortality of adults of H. zea provided with sucrose solutions containing 1 p.p.m. of the systemic insecticides indicated that Azodrin and Bidrin were about equally toxic and much more so than CL-47031 and Temik, and that of adults caged on individual plants in flower that had been treated with Azodrin or CL-47031 suggested that the moths may be killed by the systemic action of these insecticides translocated to the nectar. When adults of H. virescens were released on plants each treated with Azodrin at 25 or 30 mg. in large field cages, reductions in the numbers of eggs deposited, attributed to the effect on the moths of the insecticide in the nectar, and in the numbers of developing larvae, were substantial. Azodrin was the most consistently effective of the four insecticides evaluated.

The Sterile Insect Release Method and the Importance of Thermal Conditioning Before Release - Field-Cage Experiments With Dacus-Tryoni in Spring Weather

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAC Fay ◽  
A Meats
Keyword(s):  
Target Population ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Mating Competitiveness ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Conditioned State ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sterile Insect Release ◽  
Release Method

We present a rationale for the strategy of suppressing the fertility and hence the rate of increase of target populations in spring by the release of sterile insects. Insects for mass release are normally reared in warm conditions and are potentially unsuitable for use in cold weather. A comparison was made of the effectiveness of warm- and cold-conditioned sterile flies in experiments in large field-cages during three successive spring seasons. Sterile males and females, and wild males and females were released into the cages in the ratio 2:2:1:1, respectively. Warm-conditioned sterile flies survived poorly between release and mating. Their mating competitiveness was inferior to that of the wild flies, and they were relatively ineffective in reducing their fertility. Sterile flies released in a cold-conditioned state (equal to that of the wild flies), survived as well as wild flies, and suppressed their fertility to an extent which indicates that their mating competitiveness can be equal to that of the wild flies, if the weather is not too severe. The concept of total competitiveness is introduced. If competitiveness is calculated by means of the ratio of sterile to wild flies that exists at release (rather than at mating), the resulting value is a measure of the potential of the sterile flies to survive to mating age, and to mate in competition with the wild flies. This value is especially pertinent to situations such as a puparial release, when there is a delay between release and mating. In such circumstances, it is needed for calculating the required ratio of sterile to wild insects to achieve the desired reduction of fertility (and thus rate of increase) in the target population.

Population control in the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, by the release of female-borne chemosterilant. II.* Sterilization under field cage conditions

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAC Beattie ◽  
FJD McDonald ◽  
MJ Whitten
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Oviposition Site ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Australian Sheep

Females of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann), topically treated with the chemosterilant N,N'-hexamethylene-bis(1-aziridinecarboxamide), were liberated into large field cages containing untreated flies to determine if sterilizing doses of chemosterilant were transferred to untreated flies. Full sterility was induced in cages carrying equal numbers of untreated males, untreated females and females treated with 300 or 600 µg of chemosterilant. In other cages, one female treated with 600 µg of chemosterilant for every five untreated flies of each sex had a similar effect but lower levels of sterility were obtained with higher ratios of untreated to treated flies. Transfer of chemosterilant appeared to occur through contact during mating, attempted matings, and between flies of both sexes at the oviposition site. ___________________ *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 25: 995 (1974).

Multicellular Rearing Methods for the Beet Armyworm, Soybean Looper, and Velvetbean Caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Velvetbean Caterpillar ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Heliothis Spp ◽  
Rearing Methods ◽  
Soybean Looper ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Methods used for rearing Heliothis spp. larvae in a multicellular container were modified for rearing beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), soybean looper (SBL), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and velvetbean caterpillar (VBC), Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner). Polyester-cotton cloth used for Heliothis oviposition was unsatisfactory for BAW, SBL, and VBC. A polyester-cotton cloth with a dimpled surface was discovered which was suitable for all three species. Beet armyworm eggs were removed from the oviposition cloth and disinfected with sodium hypochlorite. This procedure could not be used for SBL or VBC as it resulted in significant reduction in egg hatch. New methods were developed for placing BAW, SBL, and VBC eggs into a multicellular container. A separator and high volume blower used to harvest Heliothis pupae was also used to harvest BAW and VBC pupae. SBL pupae, because of webbing spun by the larvae prior to pupation, could not be harvested in this manner. A pupal harvest method was developed for SBL. A phosphoric-propionic acid mix incorporated into the larval diet controlled contaminants. These procedures have been used since 1986 at Stoneville and more than ¾ million pupae and 100 million eggs were reared in 1987 and 1988.

New Apparatuses and Rearing Techniques for the Study of Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Organic Soils of Southwestern Quebec

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lafrance
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Capillary Action ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Rearing Techniques

AbstractRearing techniques were developed and apparatuses built for biological studies on the Elateridae in the organic soils of southwestern Quebec. Adults attracted to heap-traps are normally mixed with a large quantity of hay trash which makes the recovery of beetles tedious and difficult. To facilitate this work, an insect sorting box was designed and built and proved quite satisfactory. A flight-trap was also designed for obtaining information on adult species concerning their period of emergence, peak and length of emergence, and height and direction of flight. Adequate techniques for the incubation of wireworm eggs and the rearing of larvae under constant supply of water through capillary action were developed. A large field cage was designed and built to study under natural conditions the complete life-cycle of the species of elaterids found in organic soils.

Field cage evaluation of the competitiveness of male Glossina morsitans orientalis Vanderplank sterilised with tepa or gamma irradiation

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. W. Dean ◽  
D. A. Dame ◽  
D. R. Birkenmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Glass Surface ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Small Field ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Expected Values

Laboratory and field cage trials were made with male Glossina morsitans orientalis Vanderplank treated with tepa or gamma irradiation to assess the ability of the sterile males to compete with untreated males for normal females when the ratios of treated males to untreated males to untreated females ranged from 4:1:5 to 5:2:5. Irradiation of the pupal and adult stages with 8000 and 15000 rad or 8000 and 12000 rad, respectively, reduced reproduction by 87–100% (mean, 95%). Contact for 60 min on a glass surface coated with 10 mg tepa/ft2 or exposure to 0·25 ml of 5% tepa in a wind tunnel usually produced complete sterility (mean, 99%) in 0- or 2-day-old male flies. Trials in the laboratory and in a small field cage (288 ft2) with chemosterilised flies generally reduced reproduction to near the expected values. Similar results were obtained with male flies emerging from irradiated puparia, but males treated as adults produced somewhat smaller reductions than expected. Unreplicated competitive trials with chemosterilised and irradiated males in a large field cage (8100 ft2) produced considerably smaller reductions in reproduction than expected, suggesting that treated males released in nature might not compete for normal females as readily as untreated males.

Sterilisation of the cabbage root fly (Erioischia brassicae (Bch.)) (Dipt., Anthomyiidae) with tepa: laboratory and field cage tests

1970 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Coaker ◽  
Jean L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Cabbage Root Fly

Adults of the cabbage root fly (Erioischia brassicae (Bch.)) fed on 0·1% tepa in 10% sucrose solution during the second and third days after emergence laid over 95% sterile eggs. Nearly complete sterility was also obtained from females fed on 0·l% tepa for two days between mating and oviposition. Tepa at 0·1% did not affect longevity of either sex or the competitiveness of treated males, although at higher concentrations longevity was reduced. When flies were enclosed in a large field cage and provided with food baits containing 0·1% tepa, sucrose and leucine along a hedgerow, 70% of the eggs laid were sterile.

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