Effectiveness of Microbial Control of Heliothis spp. Developing on Early Season Wild Geraniums: Field and Field Cage Tests

1991 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion R. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Control ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Heliothis Spp

scholarly journals Assessing Feeding Damage from Two Leaffooted Bugs, Leptoglossus clypealis Heidemann and Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae), on Four Almond Varieties

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Joyce ◽  
Apurba K. Barman ◽  
David Doll ◽  
Bradley S. Higbee
Keyword(s):  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Kernel Necrosis

Leaffooted bugs (Leptoglossus spp; Hemiptera: Coreidae) are phytophagous insects native to the Western Hemisphere. In California, Leptoglossus clypealis and Leptoglossus zonatus are occasional pests on almonds. Early season feeding by L. clypealis and L. zonatus leads to almond drop, while late season feeding results in strikes on kernels, kernel necrosis, and shriveled kernels. A field cage study was conducted to assess feeding damage associated with L. clypealis and L. zonatus on four almond varieties, Nonpareil, Fritz, Monterey, and Carmel. The objectives were to determine whether leaffooted bugs caused significant almond drop, to pinpoint when the almond was vulnerable, and to determine the final damage at harvest. Branches with ~20 almonds were caged and used to compare almond drop and final damage in four treatments: (1) control branches, (2) mechanically punctured almonds, (3) adult Leptoglossus clypealis, and (4) adult Leptoglossus zonatus. Replicates were set up for eight weeks during two seasons. Early season feeding resulted in higher almond drop than late season, and L. zonatus resulted in greater drop than L. clypealis. The almond hull width of the four varieties in the study did not influence susceptibility to feeding damage. The final damage assessment at harvest found significant levels of kernel strikes, kernel necrosis, and shriveled almonds in bug feeding cages, with higher levels attributed to L. zonatus than L. clypealis. Further research is warranted to develop an Integrated Pest Management program with reduced risk controls for L. zonatus.

MICROBIAL CONTROL OF HELIOTHIS SPP. (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN COTTON: DOSAGE AND MANAGEMENT TRIALS1

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Bell ◽  
C. L. Romine
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Heliothis Spp ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), infested with relatively low populations (untreated range: 0.3 – 0.7 larva/plant) of Heliothis spp. larvae was treated with varying mixtures of the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses from Heliothis zea or Autographa California (dosages: 2.97 and 5.93 × 1011 polyhedral inclusion bodies/ha) and the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (dosages: 0.14 – 0.56 kg/ha of Thuricide®). The bacterium when mixed with a spray and adjuvant was as effective as a chemical standard in reducing plant damage and low populations of Heliothis. Applying mixtures of the viruses with the bacterium did not increase efficacy. In a commercial 16-ha field, four aerial applications of a microbial mixture of 150 g Elcar® and 560 g Thuricide plus 3.36 kg adjuvant resulted in a ca. 76% viral infection and sufficiently controlled the larval infestation and protected the fruit from damage. The Heliothis population in another 16-ha field was controlled using four applications of chemical insecticides. Natural viral disease prevalence was ca. 3%. Although Heliothis egg numbers ranged from ca. 20 – 80 eggs/100 plants in both fields during the test, boll damage in the microbially treated field was only 0.5% compared to 0.6% in the chemically treated field. Further, yields from both fields were ca. 3 × 103 kg/ha, indicated similar control.

The comparative study among the MRSAcin, Nisin A and vancomycin, on biofilm formation by Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food sources.

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (o3) ◽  
Author(s):  
¹Hind H. Muunim ◽  
Muna T Al-Mossawei ◽  
Mais Emad Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Food Preservatives

Biofilms formation by pathogens microbial Control considered important in medical research because it is the hazarded virulence factor leading to becoming difficult to treat because of its high resistance to antimicrobials. Glycopeptide antibiotic a (Vancomycin) and the commercial bacteriocin (Nisin A) were used to comparative with purification bacteriocin (MRSAcin) against MRSA biofilm. One hundred food samples were collected from Baghdad markets from July 2016 to September 2016, including (cheese, yogurt, raw milk, fried meat, grilled meat, and beef burger). All samples were cultures; S. aureus was confirmation by macroscopic culture and microscopic examination, in addition to biochemical tests. Methicillin resistance S. asureus (MRSA) were identification by antibiotic sensitivity test (AST), Vitek 2 system. The result shown the 60(60%) isolate were identified as S. aureus and 45(75%) gave positive result as MRSA isolate, M13 isolate was chosen as MRSA isolates highest biofilm formation for treatment with MRSAcin, Nisin A(bacteriocin) and Vancomycin (antibiotic) to compared the more antimicrobial have bacteriocidal effect. The sensitivity test uses to determine the effect of MRSAcin, Nisin A, and Vancomycin MIC on MRSA planktonic cell by (WDA). The new study shows the impacts of new kind Pure Bacteriocins (MRSAcin) from methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) highly effects then (Vancomycin and Nisin A) at different concentration. In a current study aimed to suggest new Bacteriocin is potent highly for the treatment of resistant bacteria biofilm infections in food preservatives

Early season weed control in onions

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 304-307
Author(s):  
J.J.C. Scheffer ◽  
G.J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Early Season

Molecular breeding of fragrant early-season hybrid rice using the BADH2 gene

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Sheng ◽  
Sajid Fiaz ◽  
Qianlong Li ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Xiangjin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Badh2 Gene
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