Bed bug egg hatch rate and nymph survival using four commercially-available insecticides applied as direct sprays

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Richard Hinson
Keyword(s):  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Bed Bug

Egg Hatch Rate and Nymphal Survival of the Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) After Exposure to Insecticide Sprays

2016 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 2495-2499 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Hinson ◽  
E. P. Benson ◽  
P. A. Zungoli ◽  
W. C. Bridges ◽  
B. R. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Insecticide Sprays

A new male-killing parasitism:Spiroplasmabacteria infect the ladybird beetleAnisosticta novemdecimpunctata(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. TINSLEY ◽  
M. E. N. MAJERUS
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Male Killing ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Males And Females

Whilst most animals invest equally in males and females when they reproduce, a variety of vertically transmitted parasites has evolved the ability to distort the offspring sex ratios of their hosts. One such group of parasites are male-killing bacteria. Here we report the discovery of females of the ladybirdAnisosticta novemdecimpunctatathat produced highly female-biased offspring sex ratios associated with a 50% reduction in egg hatch rate. This trait was maternally transmitted with high efficiency, was antibiotic sensitive and was infectious following experimental haemolymph injection. We identified the cause as a male-killingSpiroplasmabacterium and phylogenetic analysis of rDNA revealed that it belongs to theSpiroplasma ixodetisclade in which other sex ratio distorters lie. We tested the potential for interspecific horizontal transfer by injection from an infectedA. novemdecimpunctataline into uninfected individuals of the two-spot ladybirdAdalia bipunctata. In this novel host, the bacterium was able to establish infection, transmit vertically and kill male embryos.

Changes in the hatch rate of Haemonchus contortus eggs between geographic regions

Parasitology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Le Jambre ◽  
J. H. Whitlock
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
New York State ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
York State ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
The Relationship

Vulvar phenotypes and the rate of development of eggs over a range of temperatures were used to compare Haemonchus contortus populations in New York State and Ohio. These parameters indicated that the westernmost boundary of the subspecies Haemonchus contortus cayugensis is the Chautauqua valley in New York. The Haemonchus ecotype in Ohio had a vulvar phenotype formula similar to that described for the subspecies Haemonchus contortus contortus. The relationship between slope and intercept of the regression of rate of egg hatch on temperature was different for morphs within ecotypes as well as between the New York and Ohio ecotypes. Linguiform-A appeared to be the cold-adapted morph in both ecotypes. Smooth was the warm-adapted morph in New York with linguiform-B filling that niche in Ohio.

scholarly journals Extending the Storage Time of Clanis bilineata tsingtauica (Lepidoptera; Sphingidae) Eggs through Variable-Temperature Cold Storage

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2820
Author(s):  
Chenxu Zhu ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Haibo Zhang ◽  
Fang Zhang ◽  
Yuzhou Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Important Pest

Clanis bilineata tsingtauica Mell, 1922 (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae), also known as “Doudan” in China, is an important pest in legume crops. As an edible insect, it is most commonly consumed in Jiangsu, Shandong, and Henan Provinces. Mass rearing requires access to large numbers of eggs. This stage, however, is of short duration and supplies are frequently not sufficient for insect production. Therefore, we identified the cold storage conditions for C. bilineata tsingtauica that can effectively prolong the storage time of the eggs, to make supplies more readily available. We found that when stored at 4 °C, only 7.5% of the eggs hatched after 7 days, while at 10 °C the hatch rate was 78.3%. At 15 °C, the egg hatch rate remained at this same level (77.8% even after 14–20 days). Considering various combinations, we found that optimal egg hatch occurred if eggs were stored at 15 °C for 11 days, and then held at 15–20 °C under dark conditions. Stored as described above, the egg hatch rate was not significantly different from the control group (at 28 °C). These conditions allow for easier mass rearing of C. bilineata tsingtauica by providing a stable supply of eggs.

scholarly journals Influence of Irradiation on the Biology of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys Stål)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Nam Nguyen ◽  
Lloyd Damien Stringer ◽  
Ki-Jeong Hong
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
F2 Generation

The irradiation biology of the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB, Halyomorpha halys Stål) treated at the nymphal stage was investigated to determine its application for sterile insect technique (SIT). Fifth instar males of BMSB were exposed to gamma-radiation 60Co at different doses of 12, 16, 20, 24 and 64 Gy. Irradiated males were mated with non-irradiated virgin females to assess the longevity of both sexes, female fecundity and fertility of their offspring until the egg stage of the F2 generation. The mortality of each of the developmental stages of the F1 and eggs of the F2 generation was observed to determine whether negative effects from exposure to radiation was inherited. The data indicated that irradiation significantly reduced the lifespan of male insects at doses above 20Gy. Irradiated males did not affect the longevity and fecundity of their female partners, nor either sex of their resulting progeny, but it did reduce the hatch rate of the eggs at all doses tested. The sterility rates of F1 eggs were 55.6%, 73.3%, 74.1% and 74.1% at doses of 12Gy, 16Gy, 20Gy and 24Gy respectively. Eggs were completely sterile (100%) at a dose of 64Gy with no egg hatch recorded. A low hatch rate of F2 eggs illustrated that negative effects from radiation was inherited by the subsequent generation. The results support the potential for the use of SIT for BMSB management by irradiating the fifth instar male nymphs at 16-64Gy.

Impact of feeding experiences on oviposition and sex allocation of Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Qiu Xie ◽  
Jia Le Lv ◽  
En Dong Wang ◽  
Xue Nong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Feeding Experience ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Offspring Sex

Feeding experiences of predators during immature and adult stages may impact females’ reproduction. In the present study, we investigated reproductive performances of Neoseiulus californicus when both parents had different feeding experiences on Tetranychus urticae and Frankliniella occidentalis. Female and male immatures fed on either prey species. Each newly emerged female adult individually mated with a male had either the same or different feeding experience. Prey for mated females were either same as or different from that consumed during their immature stages. Therefore, eight reproductive treatments were created. The highest cumulative fecundity (57.5±3.3 eggs/female) was observed when both female and male fed on T. urticae with the lowest fecundity (34.2±2.7 eggs/female) observed when the parents fed on F. occidentalis. Daily fecundity and oviposition duration were mainly affected by prey of mated females. Mated females preyed on T. urticae had 56.6% higher daily fecundity and 22.3% shorter oviposition duration than those preyed on F. occidentalis. No significant difference in offspring sex ratio and egg hatch rate was detected between treatments. About 88% of the first-laid eggs developed to males. Impact of prey species consumed by male immatures was only observed on pre-oviposition duration. The average pre-oviposition duration of females who mated with males fed on T. urticae in their immaturity was 33.0% shorter than those females who mated with males fed on F. occidentalis in their immaturity. Results of the present study are valuable in optimizing N. californicus field release strategies, and will help further investigations into the nutritional requirements of this species.

Influence of Substrate Age on Oviposition Behavior of a Specialist Carrion Colonizer, Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-690
Author(s):  
Zanthé Kotzé ◽  
Jeffery K Tomberlin
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Cochliomyia Macellaria ◽  
Influence Of Substrate ◽  
Ovipositional Response ◽  
Substrate Age ◽  
Colonization Status

Abstract The location and consumption of carrion by arthropods is a process that can be potentially distinguished temporally based on the makeup of the associated community. In fact, succession on carrion is a continuum of different generalist and specialist arthropods entering and leaving the system. Blow flies commonly associated with vertebrate remains are considered specialists due to their reliance on carrion as a source of food for offspring and protein for females. However, this specialization may come at a price; increased competition for resources and greater risk of local extinction. The present study examined the effects of the presence or absence of intraspecific colonization, carcass age, and exposure time on the colonization and oviposition responses of the specialist, primary colonizer, the secondary screw worm, Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Carcass age, exposure time, and colonization status significantly influenced the ovipositional response of C. macellaria. This species exhibited an oviposition preference for aged carcasses, with a tendency for higher oviposition after 8-h exposure time, but no preference between previously colonized or uncolonized carcasses. Mean egg hatch rate was also shown to be influenced by the aforementioned factors, with mean hatch rates varying between 81.26 and 90.97% across various treatments. These results provide insight into mechanisms driving succession on carrion, as well as highlight the variation observed in successional studies for the targeted species. Investigators relying on arthropod succession to indicate a time of colonization should proceed with caution in relying solely on the assumption primary colonizers only arrive and colonize fresh carrion.

scholarly journals Reduction in Egg Fertility of Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes in Greece Following Releases of Imported Sterile Males

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Georgios Balatsos ◽  
Arianna Puggioli ◽  
Vasileios Karras ◽  
Ioanna Lytra ◽  
George Mastronikolos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Sterile Male ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Invasive Mosquito ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Male Mosquitoes

Aedes albopictus, an invasive mosquito species, is currently well established in many European countries, posing high risks to human health. A preliminary trial using repetitive releases of irradiated sterile male mosquitoes was designed, implemented and evaluated for the first time in Greece. The main scope of this trial was to investigate the efficacy of sterile insect technique (SIT) on wild population egg hatch rate in Greece using mass-produced sterile male mosquitoes from another country (Italy). The study was conducted in Vravrona area, close to Athens International Airport (Attica Region). The number of eggs laid in ovitraps was similar in all intervention and control plots. However, a significant reduction in egg hatch rate was recorded in the SIT plot in comparison with both control plots starting two weeks after the first release. This trial validates the logistics (transportation, releases handling and monitoring) as a major step towards implementing efficient, environmentally safe control approaches as an additional tool against the invasive Aedes species in Greece and more widely in Europe.

scholarly journals Interspecific interactions within a vector-borne complex are influenced by a co-occurring pathosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina K. Cruzado-Gutiérrez ◽  
Rohollah Sadeghi ◽  
Sean M. Prager ◽  
Clare L. Casteel ◽  
Jessica Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Aphid Vectors ◽  
Vector Borne

AbstractPotato virus Y (PVY) and zebra chip (ZC) disease are major threats to solanaceous crop production in North America. PVY can be spread by aphid vectors and through vegetative propagation in potatoes. ZC is associated with “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” (Lso), which is transmitted by the tomato/potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli Šulc (Hemiptera: Triozidae). As these two pathosystems may co-occur, we studied whether the presence of one virus strain, PVY°, affected the host preference, oviposition, and egg hatch rate of Lso-free or Lso-carrying psyllids in tomato plants. We also examined whether PVY infection influenced Lso transmission success by psyllids, Lso titer and plant chemistry (amino acids, sugars, and phytohormones). Lso-carrying psyllids showed a preference toward healthy hosts, whereas the Lso-free psyllids preferentially settled on the PVY-infected tomatoes. Oviposition of the Lso-carrying psyllids was lower on PVY-infected than healthy tomatoes, but Lso transmission, titer, and psyllid egg hatch were not significantly affected by PVY. The induction of salicylic acid and its related responses, and not nutritional losses, may explain the reduced attractiveness of the PVY-infected host to the Lso-carrying psyllids. Although our study demonstrated that pre-existing PVY infection can reduce oviposition by the Lso-carrying vector, the preference of the Lso-carrying psyllids to settle on healthy hosts could contribute to Lso spread to healthy plants in the presence of PVY infection in a field.

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