Management of the Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Disease-Resistant Dwarf and Semi-Dwarf Apple Trees

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Reissig ◽  
R. W. Weires ◽  
C. G. Forshey ◽  
W. L. Roelofs ◽  
R. C. Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Disease Resistant

A LOW-SPRAY APPLE-PEST-MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR SMALL ORCHARDS

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Prokopy
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Petroleum Oil

AbstractFrom 1981 to 1984, a low-spray management program was employed against injurious arthropods on the 40 disease-resistant apple trees in my experimental orchard in Massachusetts. The program consisted of an annual early-season application of petroleum oil followed by 2 applications of phosmet (1 at petal fall and another 10–14 days later). Visual traps were used to suppress Rhagoletis pomonella flies. For all years combined, a mean of 89.7% of fruit sampled at harvest in this orchard was free of insect injury compared with 0% uninjured fruit on neighboring unsprayed trees. Populations of foliar-feeding pests never reached injurious levels.

Effect of apple-orchard structure on interception of Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) flies by odor-baited traps

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Rull ◽  
Ronald J. Prokopy
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Large Trees

AbstractWe released marked mature male flies of the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), inside and outside of square blocks of apple trees, Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae), to test the effect of orchard structure on the interception of flies by odor-baited red-sphere traps. The blocks were composed of large trees planted at low density, medium-sized trees planted at medium density, or small trees planted at high density. The experiment was carried out in six commercial apple orchards during summer in 1997 and 1998. Released flies moving into blocks were intercepted in large proportions by baited perimeter traps, thus preventing fly penetration into sphere-protected blocks. In 1997, proportions of intercepted flies were higher for traps in blocks of small and medium-sized trees than for traps in blocks of large trees. In 1998, a year with an unusually low fruit load, interception remained high, but there were no differences in proportions of flies intercepted by perimeter traps among blocks of trees of different sizes. Overall we conclude that the tendency of apple growers in Massachusetts to replace large trees planted at low density with small or medium-sized trees planted at high or medium density will not adversely affect behavioral control programs for apple maggot flies. In fact, this practice may enhance the effectiveness of these programs through increased interception of immigrant adults.

STATUS OF PREDATORS OF THE ADULT APPLE MAGGOT, RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE), IN ONTARIO

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Monteith
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Southern Ontario

AbstractAdult apple maggots, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), were relatively free from attacks by predators in southern Ontario. The main reason for this was the flies’ alert avoidance of approaching objects. In addition to this protection from predators, the flies appeared to be avoided by hunting spiders. Adults of the cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cinqulata (Loew), were equally alert and apparently free from predation while they were in apple trees.

scholarly journals CAPTURE OF RELEASED APPLE MAGGOT FLIES, RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE), ON STICKY PANELS

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Reissig
Keyword(s):  
Test Area ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Release Point

AbstractIn 1975, 19.4% of 6950 marked apple maggot adults, Rhagoletis pomonella, which were released in the center of a 7 × 7 array of unsprayed apple trees were recaptured on Pherocon® AM traps. The distribution of the marked flies was not uniform as most of the flies were recaptured near the release point. The distribution of native flies which migrated into the test area from adjacent infested apple trees was also non-uniform.

ATTRACTION OF RHAGOLETIS FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) TO RED SPHERES OF DIFFERENT SIZES

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Prokopy
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Apple Trees

AbstractWhen different size sticky-coated red spheres were positioned within the foliage canopy of sour cherry or apple trees, more Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) flies were always captured on 7.5-cm-diam. ones than on 3.4 or 1.5 cm ones. Early in the season, 7.5 cm spheres attracted fewer or about as many R. pomonella as 23 cm spheres, but later on, 7.5 cm spheres always attracted more. R. fausta (Osten Sacken) and R. cingulata (Loew) flies were always more attracted to 7.5 cm spheres than to any other size tested. However, both these species showed a proportionately greater attraction to smaller spheres than did R. pomonella. The phenomena of super-normal stimuli and learning are proposed as possible explanations of certain of these findings.

BIRD DROPPINGS COMPETE WITH BAIT SPRAYS FOR RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (WALSH) FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Prokopy ◽  
Sylvia S. Cooley ◽  
Luis Galarza ◽  
Christopher Bergweiler ◽  
Carol R. Lauzon
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Bird Droppings ◽  
Barn Swallows ◽  
Insecticide Sprays

AbstractPublished studies have shown inconsistent effects of proteinaceous bait sprays against apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh). Explanations of inconsistency could involve the presence of natural food such as bird droppings competing with bait sprays for attraction of flies. Under field, semi-field, or laboratory conditions, we found that: (1) aqueous solutions of 10% proteinaceous bait (Nulure) were significantly more attractive than water to protein-denied but not to protein-provided apple maggot flies; (2) addition of 2% toxicant (malathion 50 EC) did not affect attractiveness of Nulure droplets but did significantly deter feeding by arriving protein-provided flies (though not protein-denied flies); (3) droppings collected from barn swallows, chickens, and unidentified birds on apple trees were significantly more attractive than solutions or droplets of Nulure to protein-denied flies; (4) droppings that were freshly deposited or fresh from cold storage were significantly less attractive than droppings held under ambient conditions for 1 or 2 days; (5) droppings allowed to dry for 1 day at 25 °C, 60% RH were no less attractive than droppings that received water to simulate dew or rainfall; and (6) droppings treated with antibiotics were significantly less attractive than droppings not treated with antibiotics, indicating that bacteria may be involved in generating attractive volatiles. Together, these findings suggest that in situations where natural sources of protein such as bird droppings or insect honeydew are abundant, apple maggot flies may be relatively unaffected by addition of proteinaceous bait to insecticide sprays.

Insect Management in Disease-resistant Dwarf and Semi-Dwarf Apple Trees

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1201-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Reissig ◽  
R. W. Weires ◽  
G. C. Forshey ◽  
W. L. Roelofs ◽  
R. C. Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apple Trees ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Disease Resistant
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