scholarly journals White Matter Alterations in Infants at Risk for Developmental Dyslexia

2015 ◽  
pp. bhv281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Langer ◽  
Barbara Peysakhovich ◽  
Jennifer Zuk ◽  
Marie Drottar ◽  
Danielle D. Sliva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia

Cognitive and White Matter Microstructure Development in Congenital Hypothyroidism and Familial Thyroid Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Perri ◽  
Letizia De Mori ◽  
Domenico Tortora ◽  
Maria Grazia Calevo ◽  
Anna E M Allegri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

Abstract Context Children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) are at risk for suboptimal neurodevelopment. Objectives To evaluate neurocognitive function and white matter microstructure in children with permanent or transient CH and to correlate these findings with disease severity. Design, participants and methods A retrospective and prospective observational study was conducted in 39 children with permanent or transient CH, and in 39 healthy children. Cognitive function was assessed by Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC-IV) and by other tests; the white matter microstructure was investigated by 3 Tesla magnetic resonance (MRI). Results Children with permanent CH have lower cognitive scores at a median age of 9.5 years than those with transient CH and controls. An IQ score between 71-84 was found in 28.6% of permanent CH and of <70 (p=0.06) in 10.7%. The Processing Speed Index (PSI, p=0.004), sustained visual attention (p=0.02), reading speed (p=0.0001), written calculations (p=0.002) and numerical knowledge (p=0.0001) were significantly lower than controls. Children born to mothers with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis have significantly lower IQ values (p=0.02), Working Memory Index (p=0.03) and PSI (p=0.02). Significantly lower IQ and Verbal Comprehension Index values were found in children with a family history of thyroid disorders (p=0.004; p=0.009), respectively. In children with permanent CH, significant correlations between abnormalities in white matter microstructural, clinical and cognitive measures were documented. Conclusions These findings indicate that children with CH are at risk of neurocognitive impairment and white matter abnormalities despite timely and adequate treatment. The association between offspring cognitive vulnerability and maternal thyroid disorders requires careful consideration.

Performance of 5-Year-Old Children on Seven Visual Perceptual Tasks in Relation to Neonatal Ultrasound Abnormalities

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
E Vandenbussche ◽  
P Stiers ◽  
M Haers ◽  
B M van den Hout ◽  
L S de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Visual Object Identification

We investigated whether neonatal brain damage can give rise to visual perceptual deficits, in addition to the well-documented impairments in visual acuity. To this end, forty-one children (age 5.02 to 5.89 years) were given four visual object identification tasks and three visuo-constructive tasks. These subjects were neonatal at risk owing to prematurity or birth asphyxia. From neonatal ultrasound scans, the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH, N = 17), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL, N = 15), and/or white matter damage due to either of these conditions (WMD, N = 9) was determined for each subject. Scans were normal in fourteen of them. The number of subjects performing at or below Pc10 of same-age normal children was significantly above 10% for each task (range 27% – 49%). This was still true when mental instead of chronological age was used for comparison, as shown by the results of nine subjects for which intelligence data were available. This high incidence of impairment is not attributable to loss of visual acuity, since grating acuity was reduced in only four subjects (14 – 19 cycles deg−1). The frequency of scores < Pc10 correlated significantly with WMD in six tasks, with PVL in 4 tasks, but not with ICH. We conclude that neonatal at risk children are more likely to develop impaired visual perceptual skills, independent of mental disability and visual acuity loss. On ultrasound permanent white matter abnormalities are most strongly associated with visual perceptual deficit, whereas intracranial hemorrhage is unrelated.

scholarly journals IC-P-156: DIET-RELATED ALTERATIONS IN WHITE MATTER MICROSTRUCTURE IN PARTICIPANTS AT RISK FOR AD

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. P125-P126
Author(s):  
Derek A. Kellar ◽  
Samuel N. Lockhart ◽  
Bryan J. Neth ◽  
Christopher T. Whitlow ◽  
Youngkyoo Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

Neonatal nucleated red blood cells are a marker for infants at risk for cerebral white matter injury

2004 ◽  
Vol 191 (6) ◽  
pp. S81
Author(s):  
Anadir Silva ◽  
Randi Smith ◽  
Christoph Lehmann ◽  
Cynthia Holcroft ◽  
Ernest Graham
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Nucleated Red Blood Cells

Altered hemispheric lateralization of white matter pathways in developmental dyslexia: Evidence from spherical deconvolution tractography

Cortex ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Zhao ◽  
Michel Thiebaut de Schotten ◽  
Irene Altarelli ◽  
Jessica Dubois ◽  
Franck Ramus
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Hemispheric Lateralization ◽  
Spherical Deconvolution

White matter abnormalities in children with and at risk for bipolar disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 799-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean A Frazier ◽  
Janis L Breeze ◽  
George Papadimitriou ◽  
David N Kennedy ◽  
Steven M Hodge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Abnormalities
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