scholarly journals Cognitive ocular motor deficits and white matter damage chronically after sports-related concussion

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia F Symons ◽  
Meaghan Clough ◽  
Steven Mutimer ◽  
Brendan P Major ◽  
William T O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Switch Cost ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
History Of

Abstract A history of concussion has been linked to long-term cognitive deficits; however, the neural underpinnings of these abnormalities are poorly understood. This study recruited 26 asymptomatic male Australian footballers with a remote history of concussion (i.e. at least six months since last concussion), and 23 non-collision sport athlete controls with no history of concussion. Participants completed three ocular motor tasks (prosaccade, antisaccade and a cognitively complex switch task) to assess processing speed, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, respectively. Diffusion tensor imaging data were acquired using a 3 T MRI scanner, and analysed using tract-based spatial statistics, to investigate white matter abnormalities and how they relate to ocular motor performance. Australian footballers had significantly slower adjusted antisaccade latencies compared to controls (P = 0.035). A significant switch cost (i.e. switch trial error > repeat trial error) was also found on the switch task, with Australian footballers performing increased magnitude of errors on prosaccade switch trials relative to prosaccade repeat trials (P = 0.023). Diffusion tensor imaging analysis found decreased fractional anisotropy, a marker of white matter damage, in major white matter tracts (i.e. corpus callosum, corticospinal tract) in Australian footballers relative to controls. Notably, a larger prosaccade switch cost was significantly related to reduced fractional anisotropy in anterior white matter regions found to connect to the prefrontal cortex (i.e. a key cortical ocular motor centre involved in executive functioning and task switching). Taken together, Australian footballers with a history of concussion have ocular motor deficits indicative of poorer cognitive processing speed and cognitive flexibility, which are related to reduce white matter integrity in regions projecting to important cognitive ocular motor structures. These findings provide novel insights into the neural mechanisms that may underly chronic cognitive impairments in individuals with a history of concussion.

White-Matter Damage in Clade C HIV-Positive Subjects: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Hoare ◽  
Jean-Paul Fouche ◽  
Bruce Spottiswoode ◽  
Katherine Sorsdahl ◽  
Marc Combrinck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
Clade C ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

scholarly journals Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness correlates with brain white matter damage in multiple sclerosis: A combined optical coherence tomography and diffusion tensor imaging study

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1904-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Scheel ◽  
Carsten Finke ◽  
Timm Oberwahrenbrock ◽  
Alina Freing ◽  
Luisa-Maria Pech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
Optic Radiation ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
Nerve Fibre Layer

We investigated the association of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL) with white matter damage assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Forty-four MS patients and 30 healthy subjects underwent optical coherence tomography. DTI was analysed with a voxel-based whole brain and region-based analysis of optic radiation, corpus callosum and further white matter. Correlations between RNFL, fractional anisotropy (FA) and other DTI-based parameters were assessed in patients and controls. RNFL correlated with optic radiation FA, but also with corpus callosum and remaining white matter FA. Our findings demonstrate that RNFL changes indicate white matter damage exceeding the visual pathway.

scholarly journals Diffusion tensor imaging with quantitative fibre tracking in HIV infection and alcoholism comorbidity: synergistic white matter damage

Brain ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pfefferbaum ◽  
M. J. Rosenbloom ◽  
E. Adalsteinsson ◽  
E. V. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
Fibre Tracking

scholarly journals Hockey Concussion Education Project, Part 3. White matter microstructure in ice hockey players with a history of concussion: a diffusion tensor imaging study

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 882-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Sasaki ◽  
Ofer Pasternak ◽  
Michael Mayinger ◽  
Marc Muehlmann ◽  
Peter Savadjiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Corona Radiata ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Object The aim of this study was to examine the brain's white matter microstructure by using MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in ice hockey players with a history of clinically symptomatic concussion compared with players without a history of concussion. Methods Sixteen players with a history of concussion (concussed group; mean age 21.7 ± 1.5 years; 6 female) and 18 players without a history of concussion (nonconcussed group; mean age 21.3 ± 1.8 years, 10 female) underwent 3-T DTI at the end of the 2011–2012 Canadian Interuniversity Sports ice hockey season. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to test for group differences in fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and the measure “trace,” or mean diffusivity. Cognitive evaluation was performed using the Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) and the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool–2 (SCAT2). Results TBSS revealed a significant increase in FA and AD, and a significant decrease in RD and trace in several brain regions in the concussed group, compared with the nonconcussed group (p < 0.05). The regions with increased FA and decreased RD and trace included the right posterior limb of the internal capsule, the right corona radiata, and the right temporal lobe. Increased AD was observed in a small area in the left corona radiata. The DTI measures correlated with neither the ImPACT nor the SCAT2 scores. Conclusions The results of the current study indicate that a history of concussion may result in alterations of the brain's white matter microstructure in ice hockey players. Increased FA based on decreased RD may reflect neuroinflammatory or neuroplastic processes of the brain responding to brain trauma. Future studies are needed that include a longitudinal analysis of the brain's structure and function following a concussion to elucidate further the complex time course of DTI changes and their clinical meaning.

End-Stage Renal Disease: In Vivo Diffusion-Tensor Imaging of Silent White Matter Damage

Radiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 252 (2) ◽  
pp. 518-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsyh-Jyi Hsieh ◽  
Jer-Ming Chang ◽  
Hung-Yi Chuang ◽  
Chih-Hung Ko ◽  
Miao-Ling Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

scholarly journals Fusing Functional MRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Measures of Brain Function and Structure to Predict Working Memory and Processing Speed Performance among Inter-episode Bipolar Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin S. McKenna ◽  
Rebecca J. Theilmann ◽  
Ashley N. Sutherland ◽  
Lisa T. Eyler
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Bipolar Patients

AbstractEvidence for abnormal brain function as measured with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and cognitive dysfunction have been observed in inter-episode bipolar disorder (BD) patients. We aimed to create a joint statistical model of white matter integrity and functional response measures in explaining differences in working memory and processing speed among BD patients. Medicated inter-episode BD (n=26; age=45.2±10.1 years) and healthy comparison (HC; n=36; age=46.3±11.5 years) participants completed 51-direction DTI and fMRI while performing a working memory task. Participants also completed a processing speed test. Tract-based spatial statistics identified common white matter tracts where fractional anisotropy was calculated from atlas-defined regions of interest. Brain responses within regions of interest activation clusters were also calculated. Least angle regression was used to fuse fMRI and DTI data to select the best joint neuroimaging predictors of cognitive performance for each group. While there was overlap between groups in which regions were most related to cognitive performance, some relationships differed between groups. For working memory accuracy, BD-specific predictors included bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from fMRI, splenium of the corpus callosum, left uncinate fasciculus, and bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculi from DTI. For processing speed, the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum and right superior longitudinal fasciculus from DTI were significant predictors of cognitive performance selectively for BD patients. BD patients demonstrated unique brain-cognition relationships compared to HC. These findings are a first step in discovering how interactions of structural and functional brain abnormalities contribute to cognitive impairments in BD. (JINS, 2015, 21, 330–341)

White matter damage on diffusion tensor imaging correlates with age-related cognitive decline

Neurology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Charlton ◽  
T. R. Barrick ◽  
D. J. McIntyre ◽  
Y. Shen ◽  
M. O'Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline
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