scholarly journals Another case of obstruction to an anaesthetic circuit

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Ward ◽  
S.J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Anaesthetic Circuit

scholarly journals Loose adhesive in anaesthetic circuit

Anaesthesia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-74
Author(s):  
M. P. P. Fernandes ◽  
K. F. Barker ◽  
C. Magee
Keyword(s):  
Anaesthetic Circuit

scholarly journals Leakage and absorption of isoflurane by different types of anaesthetic circuit and monitoring tubing

Anaesthesia ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 686-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Smith ◽  
C. Flynn ◽  
G. Wardall ◽  
I. J. Broome
Keyword(s):  
Different Types ◽  
Anaesthetic Circuit

A New Anaesthetic Circuit

1975 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
J. A. Bain ◽  
W. E. Spoerel
Keyword(s):  
Anaesthetic Circuit

Mistaken connector in the anaesthetic circuit

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (eLetters Supplement) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshal Wagh
Keyword(s):  
Anaesthetic Circuit

scholarly journals Vaporization of Isoflurane by Liquid Infusion

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Thorpe ◽  
R. R. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Closed Circuit ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
Direct Infusion ◽  
Anaesthetic Circuit ◽  
Complete Vaporization ◽  
Liquid Infusion

We investigated the vaporization of liquid isoflurane when infused directly into a circuit. Pooling of isoflurane occurred within the circuit tubing at infusion rates used during clinical practice when constant gas flows were used. Despite pooling, the concentration of isoflurane was linearly related to infusion rate. Cyclical gas flow, such as that seen in a circle system, increased vaporization so that pooling occurred only at the higher infusion rates used during the first five minutes of totally closed circuit anaesthesia. There were no major differences in pooling or the maximum concentration of isoflurane reached between 26 gauge needle and droplet administration of isoflurane: however the maximum concentration was reached more quickly by droplet administration. We conclude that direct infusion of liquid isoflurane into an anaesthetic circuit will result in complete vaporization during maintenance anaesthesia.

scholarly journals The Capnograph: Applications and Limitations —An Analysis of 2000 Incident Reports

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Williamson ◽  
R. K. Webb ◽  
J. Cookings ◽  
C. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Breathing Circuit ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Power Failure ◽  
Anaesthetic Circuit ◽  
Detection Mode ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Patient Circuit ◽  
Sampling Problems

The first 2000 incidents reported to the Australian Incident Monitoring Study were analysed with respect to the role of the capnograph. One hundred and fifty-seven (8%) were first detected by a capnograph and there were a further 18 (1%) in which capnography was contributory. Of the 1256 incidents which occurred in association with general anaesthesia 48% were “human detected” and 52% “monitor detected”. The capnograph was ranked second and detected 24% of these monitor detected incidents; this figure would have been nearly 30% if a correctly checked, calibrated capnograph had always been used. The capnograph is a “front-line” monitor for oesophageal intubation, failure of ventilation, anaesthetic circuit faults, gas embolism, sudden circulatory collapse and malignant hyperthermia. It is a valuable “back-up” monitor when other monitors (e.g. low pressure alarm, pulse oximeter) are not in use, are being used incorrectly or fail. Such situations, in order of frequency of detection were: circuit-leak, overpressure of the breathing circuit, bronchospasm, leak of ventilator-driving-gas into the patient circuit, aspiration and/or regurgitation and hypoventilation. There were 20 reports of “failure”, over two-thirds of which would not have occurred with appropriate checking and calibration. Seven were due to gas sampling problems and 6 to apnoea alarm failure. Two circuit leaks and 2 faulty unidirectional valves were not detected; on 3 occasions problems occurred due to power failure, calibration problems, or misinterpretation of an alarm. In a theoretical analysis of the 1256 general anaesthesia incidents it was considered that the capnograph, used on its own, would have detected 55% of these incidents, had they been allowed to evolve (43% before any potential for organ damage). It is highly recommended that a suitable, correctly checked, calibrated capnograph be used on all intubated and/or ventilated patients from the moment of intubation until extubation; capnography is also useful in the “apnoea” detection mode for patients breathing spontaneously on a mask.

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