THE ACTIVITY OF DOSAGE INJECTION IN GENTAMICIN SULPHATE IN LIQUID INFUSION NaCl AND DEKSTROSA-NaCl ON BACTERIA Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 AND Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 2357

Objective: The aim of the present study was to know the activity of injection preparation of gentamicin sulfate in varied intravenous fluids (NaCl and Dextrose-NaCl) as well as variation of time of use against bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Methods: The research was a laboratory experiment with the following stages: 1.) mixing the sample performed in LAF, 2.) antibacterial activity test with time variation against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria, and 3.) analysis with ANOVA was needed to see if the infusion variation and time variation had a significant effect on gentamicin sulfate activity in killing Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria.Results: The mixing of gentamicin sulphate in both intravenous fluids for 2 h has a diameter of more than 20 mm inhibition. Gentamicin sulfate has decreased activity when mixed with intravenous fluids, both NaCl 0.9% and Dextrose 5%-NaCl 0.225%. In both samples, there was a decrease in the inhibitory zone diameter of each mixing time increase. The first minute of mixing time gave the best effect, and the infusion variation had a significant effect only on gentamicin sulphate activity against Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Intravenous fluids Dextrose-NaCl gave a better effect than infusion of NaCl.Conclusion: NaCl Infusion and Dextrose-NaCl had no effect on the activity of injection preparation of gentamicin sulfate against Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria, but had an effect on Bacillus subtilis. The time of mixed use of gentamicin sulfate injection with NaCl and Dextrose-NaCl infusion fluid gave effect to its activity on Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterias, where the longer mixing time gentamicin sulphate activity decreased.

Mechanical disfunction in the mucosal oedema formation of patients with nasal polyps

Background: Nasal polyposis (NP) is characterized by an anomalous tissue growth with oedema and a lack of extracellular matrix. In this study, we investigated whether a mechanical disfunction of the forces that act in oedema formation is present in NP. Methods: We compared the interstitial hydrostatic pressure behaviour during a saline solution infusion between healthy nasal mucosa (inferior and middle turbinate from 10 patients) and inflamed nasal mucosa from NP patients (inferior, middle turbinate and a nasal polyp from 6 patients). We used Controlled Disc Stimulation equipment to compare the curve Pressure/Volume created during the saline solution infusion. Results: The pressure at 0.2 ml infusion was lower in the middle turbinate of NP patients than in the middle turbinate of control patients. The lowest P/V mean assessed was in the polypoid tissue. Conclusions: The interstitial hydrostatic pressure showed different behaviour during liquid infusion in nasal mucosa from NP patients when compared with healthy nasal mucosa. This study allows us to cogitate on a new pathophysiological mechanism contributing to the development of the NP.

Hypothermia control in elderly surgical patients in the intraoperative period: evaluation of two nursing interventions

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of two different nursing interventions regarding control of body heat loss, using blankets during the intraoperative period of elderly patients. METHODS: This was an experimental, comparative, applied, longitudinal prospective study with a quantitative approach. Eighty-one elderly patients undergoing elective surgery with a surgical time frame of at least one hour were selected by systematic probability sampling into two Experimental and one Control Group. Informed consent was obtained from participants. Data was collected by biophysiological measurement, using a tympanic thermometer. RESULTS: After the homogeneity of variables - gender, surgical duration, age, BMR, anesthesia, room humidity and temperature, drugs and liquid infusion- had been demonstrated, the interventions were confronted. Incidence of hypothermia (59.3%) and body heat loss (E1=-0.6ºC , E2=-0.6oC and C=-0.7ºC) were not significantly different between the groups (p=0.85 and p=0.7 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Results show the need for associated extra body warming methods to maintain normothermia.

Vaporization of Isoflurane by Liquid Infusion

We investigated the vaporization of liquid isoflurane when infused directly into a circuit. Pooling of isoflurane occurred within the circuit tubing at infusion rates used during clinical practice when constant gas flows were used. Despite pooling, the concentration of isoflurane was linearly related to infusion rate. Cyclical gas flow, such as that seen in a circle system, increased vaporization so that pooling occurred only at the higher infusion rates used during the first five minutes of totally closed circuit anaesthesia. There were no major differences in pooling or the maximum concentration of isoflurane reached between 26 gauge needle and droplet administration of isoflurane: however the maximum concentration was reached more quickly by droplet administration. We conclude that direct infusion of liquid isoflurane into an anaesthetic circuit will result in complete vaporization during maintenance anaesthesia.