scholarly journals Operating room air pollution: Influence of anaesthetic circuit, vapour concentration, gas flow and ventilation

1975 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mehta ◽  
W. J. Cole ◽  
J. Chaw ◽  
K. Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Vapour Concentration ◽  
Anaesthetic Circuit

Effects of gas flow management on postintubation end-tidal anesthetic concentration and operating room pollution

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Siker ◽  
Juraj Sprung ◽  
Eduardo Escorcia ◽  
Robert Koch ◽  
Milan Vukcevich
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Management ◽  
Anesthetic Concentration ◽  
End Tidal

Comparison of Cuffed and Uncuffed Endotracheal Tubes in Young Children during General Anesthesia

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry H. Khine ◽  
David H. Corddry ◽  
Robert G. Kettrick ◽  
Thalia M. Martin ◽  
John J. McCloskey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Young Children ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Cuffed Tube

Background Uncuffed endotracheal tubes are routinely used in young children. This study tests a formula for selecting appropriately sized cuffed endotracheal tubes and compares the use of cuffed versus uncuffed endotracheal tubes for patients whose lungs are mechanically ventilated during anesthesia. Methods Full-term newborns and children (n = 488) through 8 yr of age who required general anesthesia and tracheal intubation were assigned randomly to receive either a cuffed tube sized by a new formula [size(mm internal diameter) = (age/4) + 3], or an uncuffed tube sized by the modified Cole's formula [size(mm internal diameter) = (age/4) + 4]. The number of intubations required to achieve an appropriately sized tube, the need to use more than 21.min-1 fresh gas flow, the concentration of nitrous oxide in the operating room, and the incidence of croup were compared. Results Cuffed tubes selected by our formula were appropriate for 99% of patients. Uncuffed tubes selected by Cole's formula were appropriate for 77% of patients (P < 0.001). The lungs of patients with cuffed tubes were adequately ventilated with 2 1.min-1 fresh gas flow, whereas 11% of those with uncuffed tubes needed greater fresh gas flow (P < 0.001). Ambient nitrous oxide concentration exceeded 25 parts per million in 37% of cases with uncuffed tubes and in 0% of cases with cuffed tubes (P < 0.001). Three patients in each group were treated for croup symptoms (1.2% cuffed; 1.3% uncuffed). Conclusions Our formula for cuffed tube selection is appropriate for young children. Advantages of cuffed endotracheal tubes include avoidance of repeated laryngoscopy, use of low fresh gas flow, and reduction of the concentration of anesthetics detectable in the operating room. We conclude that cuffed endotracheal tubes may be used routinely during controlled ventilation in full-term newborns and children during anesthesia.

scholarly journals Dry filtration technology application with activated carbon media to remove odor ammonia emissions from production process feed mill industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012047
Author(s):  
N Harihastuti ◽  
S Djayanti ◽  
I R J Sari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Filtration Technology ◽  
Feed Mill

Abstract A pilot project research has been conducted to eliminate odor pollution from the feed mill industry. The feed industry in Indonesia has grown, especially in poultry feed production produced in modern feed mills equipped with pelleting technology. This industry is also having an environmental impact in the form of air pollution of its production activities. The laboratory analysis showed that ammonia has emitted, and it was the dominant parameter as the cause of odor in air pollution. This research aims to remove ammonia emissions using dry filtration technology with activated carbon as the filter media in the upright reactor. The reactor is designed from stainless steel material, consisting of 3 trays. The distance between trays is 300 mm, the dimensions of the tray are L.2430 mm, W.1815 mm, H.600 mm, the tray hole diameter is 3 mm. The average gas flow rate is 200-300 Nm3/min. Activated carbon used granules, size 6-8 mm, 200 mm thick in the tray. The results showed that the efficiency of ammonia removal was 81.96%-94.40% and had met the quality standards. This technology is feasible to control ammonia as an odor pollutant in the feed mill industry.

scholarly journals Vaporization of Isoflurane by Liquid Infusion

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Thorpe ◽  
R. R. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Closed Circuit ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
Direct Infusion ◽  
Anaesthetic Circuit ◽  
Complete Vaporization ◽  
Liquid Infusion

We investigated the vaporization of liquid isoflurane when infused directly into a circuit. Pooling of isoflurane occurred within the circuit tubing at infusion rates used during clinical practice when constant gas flows were used. Despite pooling, the concentration of isoflurane was linearly related to infusion rate. Cyclical gas flow, such as that seen in a circle system, increased vaporization so that pooling occurred only at the higher infusion rates used during the first five minutes of totally closed circuit anaesthesia. There were no major differences in pooling or the maximum concentration of isoflurane reached between 26 gauge needle and droplet administration of isoflurane: however the maximum concentration was reached more quickly by droplet administration. We conclude that direct infusion of liquid isoflurane into an anaesthetic circuit will result in complete vaporization during maintenance anaesthesia.

scholarly journals Wasted sampling gas of CO2 monitor is another source of air pollution in the operating room.

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Shuichi SHIRASAKI ◽  
Masao YAMASHITA ◽  
Akitomo MATSUKI ◽  
Tsutomu OYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Operating Room

scholarly journals Comfort and Safety in Eye Surgery under Local Anaesthesia

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Bosman ◽  
S. J. Krige ◽  
K. R. Edge ◽  
J. Newstead ◽  
P. W. Dutoit
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Local Anaesthesia ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Eye Surgery ◽  
Operating Room Staff

The study consisted of two parts: 1. The standard system in use at our hospital for gas delivery under the drapes during eye surgery under local anaesthesia was compared with one incorporating a venturi. 2. The oxygen concentration at the operation site was measured with three methods of draping using the two systems. Twenty-three patients and thirty-one volunteers from the operating room staff were subjected to operating conditions and gas concentrations and certain vital signs measured using both systems. The subjective response of the volunteers, none of whom had blocks or premedication, was noted. The burden of rebreathing seen with a significant proportion of cases using 6 l/min of fresh gas flow was not seen when the venturi system was used. The safety from fire hazard using 26% oxygen and diathermy was demonstrated with occlusive and free draping.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a scavenging system for use with inhalation anaesthesia techniques in rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Glen ◽  
G. S. Cliff ◽  
A. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Inhalation Anaesthesia ◽  
Arterial Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Vapour Concentration

A minimum fresh gas flow of 1 litre per minute per mask and an inspired concentration of 2-3% halothane was required to induce anaesthesia in rats in 1-2 min. Anaesthesia was maintained with an inspired concentration of 1·5-2% halothane. Arterial carbon dioxide concentration increased during anaesthesia and was not reduced by increasing the flow of fresh gas. Using the apparatus described here, halothane vapour concentration in the operator's breathing zone was 5 ppm. Prior to its introduction, levels of 250 ppm had been recorded in a poorly-ventilated animal room.

Effect of Central Vacuum Scavenger in Controlling Air Pollution in the Operating Room due to Halothane

1985 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Man Mo Yoon ◽  
Min Hae Yeh ◽  
Sun Haing Lee ◽  
Sung Kyung Cho ◽  
Bong II Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Operating Room
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