scholarly journals Progesterone, the maternal immune system and the onset of parturition in the mouse†

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia F Edey ◽  
Hector Georgiou ◽  
Kieran P O’Dea ◽  
Sam Mesiano ◽  
Bronwen R Herbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Maternal Immune System

Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: A hypothetical view

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed RG
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Maternal Immune System ◽  
Perinatal Management ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The complications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its COVID-19 disease on mothers and their offspring are less known. Objective: The aim of this review was to determine the transmission, severity, complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pregnancy. This review showed the influence of COVID-19 disease on the neonatal neurogenesis. Owing to no specific vaccines or medicines that were reported for the treatment of COVID-19 disease, this review suggested some control strategies like treatments (medicinal plants, antiviral therapy, cellular therapy, and immunotherapy), nutrition uptake, prevention, and recommendations. Discussion: This overview showed in severely states that SARS-CoV-2 infection during the early stage of pregnancy might increase the risk of stress, panic, and anxiety. This disorder can disturb the maternal immune system, and thus causing a neurodevelopmental disturbance. This hypothesis may be depending on the severity and intensity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. However, vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from dams to their fetuses is absent until now. Conclusion: During this global pandemic disease, maintaining safety during pregnancy, vaginal delivery, and breastfeeding may play a vital role in a healthy life for the offspring. Thus, international and national corporations should be continuing for perinatal management, particularly during the next pandemic or disaster time.

Early Recognition of Pregnancy by the Maternal Immune System

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kelemen ◽  
Julia Szekeres-Bartho ◽  
A. Paldi ◽  
H. Tinneberg ◽  
A. Torok
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Maternal Immune System

scholarly journals Modulation of Helper T Cytokines in Thymus during Early Pregnancy in Ewes

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leying Zhang ◽  
Zimo Zhao ◽  
Hao Mi ◽  
Baoliang Liu ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Maternal Immune System ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Th1 And Th2

There is an immune tolerance in maternal immune system during pregnancy, and thymus is a main organ of the immune system. Helper T (Th)1 and Th2 cytokines are involved in the regulation of immune system, but the modulation of Th cytokines in the thymus during early pregnancy is unclear in ewes. Thymuses were collected on day 16 of the estrous cycle, and on days 13, 16, and 25 of pregnancy in ewes. qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the thymuses. There was a peak in the expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on day 16 of pregnancy, an upregulation of tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β), and a sustained expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4. Furthermore, there was a peak in the expression of IL-6 on day 13 of pregnancy, no expression of IL-6 on day 16 of the estrous cycle and day 25 of pregnancy, and an upregulation of IL-5 and IL-10 in the thymuses during early pregnancy. The immunohistochemistry results revealed that the IFN-γ and IL-6 proteins were limited to the stromal cells, capillaries, and thymic corpuscles. In conclusion, early pregnancy influenced the production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines of maternal thymus in sheep.

scholarly journals Role of Human Leukocyte Antigens at the Feto-Maternal Interface in Normal and Pathological Pregnancy: An Update

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4756
Author(s):  
Chiara Tersigni ◽  
Federica Meli ◽  
Caterina Neri ◽  
Azzurra Iacoangeli ◽  
Rita Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Maternal Immune System ◽  
Hla Class I Molecules ◽  
Classical Pattern ◽  
Hla Molecules

The successful maternal tolerance of the semi-allogeneic fetus provides an apparent immunologic paradox. Indeed, deep invasion of placental trophoblast cells into maternal uterine tissue and the following growth of the fetus have to be tolerated by a pregnant woman’s immune system. Among the various possible protective mechanisms that may be involved in human pregnancy, the expression of a non-classical pattern of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules and the complete lack of expression of HLA class II molecules in placental tissues seem to be the most relevant mechanisms of fetal escape from maternal immune recognition. The importance of HLA molecules in fetal toleration by the maternal immune system is highlighted by pregnancy complications occurring in cases of abnormal HLA molecule expression at the maternal–fetal interface. In this review, we summarize evidences about the role of placental HLA molecules in normal and pathological pregnancies.

scholarly journals Differential Dynamics of the Maternal Immune System in Healthy Pregnancy and Preeclampsia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyuan Han ◽  
Mohammad S. Ghaemi ◽  
Kazuo Ando ◽  
Laura S. Peterson ◽  
Edward A. Ganio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Immune System

scholarly journals Sensing sperm via maternal immune system: a potential mechanism for controlling microenvironment for fertility in the cow

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S88-S95
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali Marey ◽  
Mohamed Aboul Ezz ◽  
Ihshan Akthar ◽  
Mohamed Samy Yousef ◽  
Kazuhiko Imakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
System A ◽  
Maternal Immune System

scholarly journals European Patent in Immunoncology: From Immunological Principles of Implantation to Cancer Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska M. Würfel ◽  
Christoph Winterhalter ◽  
Peter Trenkwalder ◽  
Ralph M. Wirtz ◽  
Wolfgang Würfel
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Second Step ◽  
European Patent ◽  
Maternal Immune System ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Immunological Treatment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
In Pregnancy

The granted European patent EP 2 561 890 describes a procedure for an immunological treatment of cancer. It is based on the principles of the HLA-supported communication of implantation and pregnancy. These principles ensure that the embryo is not rejected by the mother. In pregnancy, the placenta, more specifically the trophoblast, creates an “interface” between the embryo/fetus and the maternal immune system. Trophoblasts do not express the “original” HLA identification of the embryo/fetus (HLA-A to -DQ), but instead show the non-classical HLA groups E, F, and G. During interaction with specific receptors of NK cells (e.g., killer-immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)) and lymphocytes (lymphocyte-immunoglobulin-like receptors (LIL-R)), the non-classical HLA groups inhibit these immunocompetent cells outside pregnancy. However, tumors are known to be able to express these non-classical HLA groups and thus make use of an immuno-communication as in pregnancies. If this occurs, the prognosis usually worsens. This patent describes, in a first step, the profiling of the non-classical HLA groups in primary tumor tissue as well as metastases and recurrent tumors. The second step comprises tailored antibody therapies, which is the subject of this patent. In this review, we analyze the underlying mechanisms and describe the currently known differences between HLA-supported communication of implantation and that of tumors.

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