scholarly journals Modulation of Helper T Cytokines in Thymus during Early Pregnancy in Ewes

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leying Zhang ◽  
Zimo Zhao ◽  
Hao Mi ◽  
Baoliang Liu ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Maternal Immune System ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Th1 And Th2

There is an immune tolerance in maternal immune system during pregnancy, and thymus is a main organ of the immune system. Helper T (Th)1 and Th2 cytokines are involved in the regulation of immune system, but the modulation of Th cytokines in the thymus during early pregnancy is unclear in ewes. Thymuses were collected on day 16 of the estrous cycle, and on days 13, 16, and 25 of pregnancy in ewes. qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the thymuses. There was a peak in the expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on day 16 of pregnancy, an upregulation of tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β), and a sustained expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4. Furthermore, there was a peak in the expression of IL-6 on day 13 of pregnancy, no expression of IL-6 on day 16 of the estrous cycle and day 25 of pregnancy, and an upregulation of IL-5 and IL-10 in the thymuses during early pregnancy. The immunohistochemistry results revealed that the IFN-γ and IL-6 proteins were limited to the stromal cells, capillaries, and thymic corpuscles. In conclusion, early pregnancy influenced the production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines of maternal thymus in sheep.

scholarly journals The Th1 and Th2 cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4 antagonize the inhibition of monocyte IL-1 receptor antagonist by glucocorticoids: involvement of IL-1

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2075-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damián Kovalovsky ◽  
Marcelo Páez Pereda ◽  
Joachim Sauer ◽  
Carolina Perez Castro ◽  
Victor E. Nahmod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Th1 And Th2

scholarly journals Role of Th1 and Th2 Cytokines in Immune Response to Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Torre ◽  
Filippo Speranza ◽  
Massimo Giola ◽  
Alberto Matteelli ◽  
Roberto Tambini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Th1 Cytokines ◽  
Th1 And Th2

ABSTRACT The relative balance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines appears crucial, since the role of cytokines has been evaluated in several studies by comparison of clinically heterogeneous groups of patients. The aim of this study is to determine the role of proinflammatory Th1 cytokines, interleukin-12 (IL-12) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, in a homogeneous group of patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Levels of IL-12, IFN-γ, Il-4, and IL-10 in serum for 20 adult patients and 15 healthy control subjects were determined by an immunoenzymatic assay. Serum levels of Th1 cytokines, IL-12 (8.6 ± 2.8 pg/ml; controls, 3.2 ± 0.7 pg/ml) and IFN-γ (39.2 ± 67.6 pg/ml; controls, 8.4 ± 6.3 pg/ml), were significantly increased at admission; 3 days later, levels of IL-12 in serum remained significantly high (8.8 ± 2.6 pg/ml), whereas IFN-γ levels returned to control values. The anti-inflammatory response of Th2 cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4) was distinct. Levels of IL-10 in serum were not significantly increased at day 0 and day 3 (306.6 ± 200.4 pg/ml and 56.6 ± 38.4 pg/ml, respectively; controls, 17.4 ± 9.0 pg/ml). In contrast, levels of IL-4 in serum were not increased on admission (3.4 ± 1.2 pg/ml; controls, 2.4 ± 0.8 pg/ml), but at day 3 a moderate and significant increase of IL-4 levels was observed (4.5 ± 1.7 pg/ml). In conclusion, the increase of Th1 cytokine IL-12 and IFN-γ levels during the acute phase of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria may reflect an early and effective immune response regulated by proinflammatory Th1 cytokines, and in particular IFN-γ may play a role in limiting progression from uncomplicated malaria to severe and life-threatening complications.

scholarly journals Circulating Th1 and Th2 cytokines in patients with hepatitis C virus infection

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. G. Fan ◽  
W. E. Liu ◽  
C. Z. Li ◽  
Z. C. Wang ◽  
L. X. Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Th1 Cytokine ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Th1 Cytokines ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Th1 And Th2

The imbalance of T-helper (Th) lymphocyte cytokine production may play an important role in immunopathogenes is of persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To know whether an imbalance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines is present in chronic HCV infection, serum levels of Th1 cytokines , interferon gamma (IFN-γ ) and interleukin (IL)-2, and Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, were measured using enzyme - linked immunosorbent as say in this study. Eighteen individuals with chronic HCV infection, 11 healthy subjects as normal controls and 10 chronic HBV infected patients as disease controls were observed. The results showed that the leve ls of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were significantly increased inchronic HCV infected patients compared with normal controls (IL-4: 30.49 ± 17.55 vs . 14.94 ± 13.73, pg/ml,p<0.025; IL-10: 50.30 ± 19.59 vs. 17.87 ± 9.49, pg/ml,p<0.001). Similarly, the levels of Th1 cytokine, IL-2, was also elevated in individuals with chronic HCV infection when compared with normal controls (IL-2: 118.53 ± 95.23 vs . 61.57 ± 28.70, pg/ml,p<0.05). However, Th1 cytokine IFN-γ level was not significantly changed during HCV infection (IFN-γ: 28.09 ± 15.65 vs . 24.10 ± 15.61, pg/ml,p>0.05). Further more, the elevated levels of Th2 cytokines are greater than Th1 cytokines in HCV infection. Thus , the study indicates that an enhanced Th2 responses are present during chronic HCV infection, which may partly be responsible for the persistence of HCV infection.

Comparison of Th1 and Th2 cytokines production in ovine lymph nodes during early pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Yang ◽  
Pengda Wang ◽  
Hao Mi ◽  
Wan Lv ◽  
Baoliang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Th1 And Th2

Changes in expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells during early pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling YANG ◽  
Yongxiang WANG ◽  
Xingshu MA ◽  
Songping WANG ◽  
Leying ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Th1 And Th2

Conceptus-derived signals are involved in the maternal systemic immune regulation through blood circulation and lymph circulation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in cattle. There exists a Th2-biased response in maternal uterus during early pregnancy in cattle. However, it is unclear that the changes in expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in PBMC during early pregnancy in cows. At present study, the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in PBMC were explored at day 18 non-pregnant cows, day 18 and day 30 pregnant cows. Our results showed that IFN-?, was attenuated in PBMC, but TNF-a and IL-4 in PBMC were up-regulated during early pregnancy in cows. However, the member of the Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13, was augmented in day 30 pregnant PBMC. In conclusion, there existed a Th2-biased response in PBMC during early pregnancy, which was essential for successful pregnancy in cattle.

Effects of β-Lapachone on the Production of Th1 and Th2 Cytokines in C57BL/6 Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myungwon Choi ◽  
Indal Park ◽  
Jaehyun Ju ◽  
Kun-Young Park ◽  
Kwang Hyuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Th1 And Th2

scholarly journals Effects of Th1 and Th2 cytokines on cytokine production and ICAM-1 expression on synovial fibroblasts.

1995 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 560-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Schlaak ◽  
A Schwarting ◽  
P Knolle ◽  
K H Meyer zum Buschenfelde ◽  
W Mayet
Keyword(s):  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Synovial Fibroblasts ◽  
Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Th1 And Th2
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