Controlling the Burden of COVID-19 by Manipulating Host Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Logan Miller ◽  
Engin Berber ◽  
Deepak Sumbria ◽  
Barry T. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Host Metabolism

scholarly journals Impacts of PBDE-47 exposure before, during and after pregnancy on the maternal gut microbiome and its association with host metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 112530
Author(s):  
Hui Gao ◽  
Xueyan Wan ◽  
Boya Xiao ◽  
Kaichao Yang ◽  
Yafei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Host Metabolism

scholarly journals A Time-Course Comparison of Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Alterations in Walker-256 Tumour-Bearing Rats at Different Stages of Life

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Gabriela de Matuoka e Chiocchetti ◽  
Leisa Lopes-Aguiar ◽  
Natália Angelo da Silva Miyaguti ◽  
Lais Rosa Viana ◽  
Carla de Moraes Salgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Tumour Bearing ◽  
Walker 256 Tumour ◽  
Walker 256 ◽  
Muscle Changes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Biomarker Research ◽  
Host Metabolism

Cancer cachexia is a severe wasting condition that needs further study to find ways to minimise the effects of damage and poor prognosis. Skeletal muscle is the most impacted tissue in cancer cachexia; thus, elucidation of its metabolic alterations could provide a direct clue for biomarker research and be applied to detect this syndrome earlier. In addition, concerning the significant changes in the host metabolism across life, this study aimed to compare the metabolic muscle changes in cachectic tumour-bearing hosts at different ages. We performed 1H-NMR metabolomics in the gastrocnemius muscle in weanling and young adult Walker-256 tumour-bearing rats at different stages of tumour evolution (initial, intermediate, and advanced). Among the 49 metabolites identified, 24 were significantly affected throughout tumour evolution and 21 were significantly affected regarding animal age. The altered metabolites were mainly related to increased amino acid levels and changed energetic metabolism in the skeletal muscle, suggesting an expressive catabolic process and diverted energy production, especially in advanced tumour stages in both groups. Moreover, these changes were more severe in weanling hosts throughout tumour evolution, suggesting the distinct impact of cancer cachexia regarding the host’s age, highlighting the need to adopting the right animal age when studying cancer cachexia.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism: From Proof of Concept to Therapeutic Intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1302
Author(s):  
Patrice D. Cani ◽  
Emilie Moens de Hase ◽  
Matthias Van Hul
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Science Area ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Host Metabolism

The field of the gut microbiota is still a relatively young science area, yet many studies have already highlighted the translational potential of microbiome research in the context of human health and disease. However, like in many new fields, discoveries are occurring at a fast pace and have provided new hope for the development of novel clinical applications in many different medical conditions, not in the least in metabolic disorders. This rapid progress has left the field vulnerable to premature claims, misconceptions and criticism, both from within and outside the sector. Tackling these issues requires a broad collaborative effort within the research field and is only possible by acknowledging the difficulties and challenges that are faced and that are currently hindering clinical implementation. These issues include: the primarily descriptive nature of evidence, methodological concerns, disagreements in analysis techniques, lack of causality, and a rather limited molecular-based understanding of underlying mechanisms. In this review, we discuss various studies and models that helped identifying the microbiota as an attractive tool or target for developing various translational applications. We also discuss some of the limitations and try to clarify some common misconceptions that are still prevalent in the field.

scholarly journals Insulin/IGF Axis in Breast Cancer: Clinical Evidence and Translational Insights

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Federica Biello ◽  
Francesca Platini ◽  
Francesca D’Avanzo ◽  
Carlo Cattrini ◽  
Alessia Mennitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Literature Evidence ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm in women. Many clinical and preclinical studies investigated the possible relationship between host metabolism and BC. Significant differences among BC subtypes have been reported for glucose metabolism. Insulin can promote tumorigenesis through a direct effect on epithelial tissues or indirectly by affecting the levels of other modulators, such as the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family of receptors, sex hormones, and adipokines. The potential anti-cancer activity of metformin is based on two principal effects: first, its capacity for lowering circulating insulin levels with indirect endocrine effects that may impact on tumor cell proliferation; second, its direct influence on many pro-cancer signaling pathways that are key drivers of BC aggressiveness. Methods: In the present review, the interaction between BC, host metabolism, and patients’ prognosis has been reviewed across available literature evidence. Conclusions: Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance are all involved in BC growth and could have a relevant impact on prognosis. All these factors act through a pro-inflammatory state, mediated by cytokines originated in fat tissue, and seem to be related to a higher risk of BC development and worse prognosis.

scholarly journals Transkingdom interactions between Lactobacilli and hepatic mitochondria attenuate western diet-induced diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Rodrigues ◽  
Manoj Gurung ◽  
Zhipeng Li ◽  
Manuel García-Jaramillo ◽  
Renee Greer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Harmful Effects

AbstractWestern diet (WD) is one of the major culprits of metabolic disease including type 2 diabetes (T2D) with gut microbiota playing an important role in modulating effects of the diet. Herein, we use a data-driven approach (Transkingdom Network analysis) to model host-microbiome interactions under WD to infer which members of microbiota contribute to the altered host metabolism. Interrogation of this network pointed to taxa with potential beneficial or harmful effects on host’s metabolism. We then validate the functional role of the predicted bacteria in regulating metabolism and show that they act via different host pathways. Our gene expression and electron microscopy studies show that two species from Lactobacillus genus act upon mitochondria in the liver leading to the improvement of lipid metabolism. Metabolomics analyses revealed that reduced glutathione may mediate these effects. Our study identifies potential probiotic strains for T2D and provides important insights into mechanisms of their action.

scholarly journals Salmonella Typhimurium reprograms macrophage metabolism via T3SS effector SopE2 to promote intracellular replication and virulence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyan Jiang ◽  
Peisheng Wang ◽  
Xiaorui Song ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Shuangshuang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Pathogenicity Island ◽  
Intracellular Replication ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
T3ss Effector ◽  
Glycolytic Intermediates ◽  
Bacterial Uptake ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Host Metabolism

AbstractSalmonella Typhimurium establishes systemic infection by replicating in host macrophages. Here we show that macrophages infected with S. Typhimurium exhibit upregulated glycolysis and decreased serine synthesis, leading to accumulation of glycolytic intermediates. The effects on serine synthesis are mediated by bacterial protein SopE2, a type III secretion system (T3SS) effector encoded in pathogenicity island SPI-1. The changes in host metabolism promote intracellular replication of S. Typhimurium via two mechanisms: decreased glucose levels lead to upregulated bacterial uptake of 2- and 3-phosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate (carbon sources), while increased pyruvate and lactate levels induce upregulation of another pathogenicity island, SPI-2, known to encode virulence factors. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of host glycolysis, activation of host serine synthesis, or deletion of either the bacterial transport or signal sensor systems for those host glycolytic intermediates impairs S. Typhimurium replication or virulence.

scholarly journals A Highly Conserved Bacterial D-Serine Uptake System Links Host Metabolism and Virulence

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e1005359 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. R. Connolly ◽  
Mads Gabrielsen ◽  
Robert J. Goldstone ◽  
Rhys Grinter ◽  
Dai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uptake System ◽  
Host Metabolism

Distal, not proximal, colonic acetate infusions promote fat oxidation and improve metabolic markers in overweight/obese men

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (22) ◽  
pp. 2073-2082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. van der Beek ◽  
Emanuel E. Canfora ◽  
Kaatje Lenaerts ◽  
Freddy J. Troost ◽  
Steven W.M. Olde Damink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Substrate Metabolism ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Anorexigenic Peptide ◽  
Host Metabolism

Microbial-derived acetate seems to be an important regulator of host metabolism. In the present study we show that distal, but not proximal, colonic acetate infusions beneficially affect whole-body substrate metabolism via an increase in fat oxidation and anorexigenic peptide YY (PYY) in overweight/obese men.

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