scholarly journals Co-Circulation of West Nile and Usutu Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes in Slovakia, 2018

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktória Čabanová ◽  
Silvie Šikutová ◽  
Petra Straková ◽  
Oldřich Šebesta ◽  
Bronislava Vichová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
First Time

Monitoring West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) activity now has the highest priority among mosquito-borne pathogenic viruses circulating in the European Union. This study documents a first time detection and the co-circulation of WNV lineage-2 (with the minimal prevalence of 0.46%) and USUV clade Europe 2 (with the minimal prevalence of 0.25%) in mosquitoes from the same habitat of south-western Slovakia and underlines necessity to perform rigorous surveillance in birds, mosquitoes, horses and humans in that country.

scholarly journals One Health approach for West Nile virus surveillance in the European Union: relevance of equine data for blood safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna J Young ◽  
Denis Coulombier ◽  
Dragoslav Domanović ◽  
Hervé Zeller ◽  
Céline M Gossner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Human Case ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Blood Safety ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Virus Surveillance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

West Nile virus (WNV) infection is notifiable in humans and equids in the European Union (EU). An area where a human case is detected is considered affected until the end of the mosquito transmission season (week 48) and blood safety measures have to be implemented. We used human and equine case notifications between 2013 and 2017 to define the WNV distribution in the EU and to investigate the relevance of using equine cases as a complementary trigger for blood safety measures. Adding areas with equine cases to the definition of an affected area would have a major impact on blood safety measures. Adding areas with equine cases where human cases have been reported in the past would increase the timeliness of blood safety measures with only a limited impact. Although the occurrence of human and/or equine cases confirms virus circulation in the EU, no evidence was found that occurrence of equine cases leads to human cases and vice versa. We conclude that information about equine data should contribute to raising awareness among public health experts and trigger enhanced surveillance. Further studies are required before extending the definition of affected areas to areas with human and/or equine cases.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Eurasian Magpies (Pica pica) for West Nile virus Surveillance in Non-Endemic and Endemic Situations

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Napp ◽  
Montalvo ◽  
Piñol-Baena ◽  
Gómez-Martín ◽  
Nicolás-Francisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pica Pica ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Virus Surveillance ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
First Time

: In September 2017, passive surveillance allowed the detection of West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 for the first time in northern Spain in a northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). However, a cross sectional study carried out in Eurasian magpies (Pica pica) in a nearby area evidenced that WNV had been circulating two months earlier. Therefore, active surveillance in Eurasian magpies proved its effectiveness for the early detection of WNV in a non-endemic area. Further surveys in 2018 and the beginning of 2019 using young magpies (i.e., born after 2017) showed the repeated circulation of WNV in the same region in the following transmission season. Therefore, active surveillance in Eurasian magpies as well proved to be useful for the detection of WNV circulation in areas that may be considered as endemic. In this manuscript we present the results of those studies and discuss reasons that make the Eurasian magpies an ideal species for the surveillance of WNV, both in endemic and non-endemic areas.

scholarly journals Evidence of enzootic circulation of West Nile virus (Nea Santa-Greece-2010, lineage 2), Greece, May to July 2011

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Chaskopoulou ◽  
C I Dovas ◽  
S C Chaintoutis ◽  
I Bouzalas ◽  
G Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
First Time

A West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance network including sentinel chickens was deployed in Thessaloniki county, Greece, from May to July 2011. For the first time in summer 2011, a chicken WNV isolate from 6 July was molecularly identified. The partial NS3 sequence was identical to that of the Nea Santa-Greece-2010 WNV lineage 2, detected in central Macedonia in 2010. This suggests that WNV is actively circulating in central Macedonia and that it may have overwintered in northern Greece.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of human West Nile virus infections in the European Union and European Union enlargement countries, 2010 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna J Young ◽  
Joana M Haussig ◽  
Stephan W Aberle ◽  
Danai Pervanidou ◽  
Flavia Riccardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
West Nile ◽  
European Union Enlargement ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities

Background West Nile virus (WNV) circulates in an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds; humans are accidental hosts. Aim We analysed human WNV infections reported between 2010 and 2018 to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control to better understand WNV epidemiology. Methods We describe probable and confirmed autochthonous human cases of WNV infection reported by European Union (EU) and EU enlargement countries. Cases with unknown clinical manifestation or with unknown place of infection at NUTS 3 or GAUL 1 level were excluded from analysis. Results From southern, eastern and western Europe, 3,849 WNV human infections and 379 deaths were reported. Most cases occurred between June and October. Two large outbreaks occurred, in 2010 (n = 391) and in 2018 (n = 1,993). The outbreak in 2018 was larger than in all previous years and the first cases were reported unusually early. The number of newly affected areas (n = 45) was higher in 2018 than in previous years suggesting wider spread of WNV. Conclusion Real-time surveillance of WNV infections is key to ensuring that clinicians and public health authorities receive early warning about the occurrence of cases and potential unusual seasonal patterns. Human cases may appear shortly after first detection of animal cases. Therefore, public health authorities should develop preparedness plans before the occurrence of human or animal WNV infections.

scholarly journals First Autochthonous West Nile Lineage 2 and Usutu Virus Infections in Humans, July to October 2018, Czech Republic

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Hana Zelená ◽  
Jana Kleinerová ◽  
Silvie Šikutová ◽  
Petra Straková ◽  
Hana Kocourková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
First Record ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Lineage 2

We present epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings of five Czech patients diagnosed with autochthonous mosquito-borne disease—four patients with confirmed West Nile virus (WNV) and one patient with Usutu virus (USUV) infections, from July to October 2018, including one fatal case due to WNV. This is the first documented human outbreak caused by WNV lineage 2 in the Czech Republic and the first record of a neuroinvasive human disease caused by USUV, which illustrates the simultaneous circulation of WNV and USUV in the country.

scholarly journals West Nile and Usutu Virus Infections and Challenges to Blood Safety in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragoslav Domanović ◽  
Celine M. Gossner ◽  
Ryanne Lieshout-Krikke ◽  
Wolfgang Mayr ◽  
Klara Baroti-Toth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Blood Safety ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Usutu Virus

scholarly journals West Nile virus infections in France, July to November 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Ramalli ◽  
G Grard ◽  
C Beck ◽  
P Gallian ◽  
G L’Ambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
West Nile ◽  
West Nile Virus Transmission ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
First Time ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Abstract In July 2018, one autochthonous case of West Nile virus (WNV) infection was identified in Nice, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (Paca). We investigated to determine the potential place of infection and the extent of viral circulation in the area, in order to guide control and preventive measures. In affected areas, we raised awareness of health professionals on WNV infections, substance of human origin safety relied on nucleic acid testing for WNV and on deferral of blood donors indicating minimum one night of stay in the areas for 28 days. Equine, wild bird and entomologic surveillance activities were reinforced. The human arboviruses national reference laboratory (NRL) retrospectively tested samples from hospitalized individuals from June 1st with meningitis and encephalitis around Nice. We tested negative suspected autochthonous cases of chikungunya and dengue infections notified since July in Paca and presenting WNV compatible symptoms. Measures were adapted along identification of additional cases. We identified 27 autochthonous cases, with onset of symptoms between July 7th and November 12th: 24 in Paca, 2 in Corsica and 1 in Occitanie. Seven cases presented neuroinvasives symptoms, 18 flu-like symptoms and 2 were asymptomatic. One blood donation and 2 organs tested positive for WNV. The animal NRL identified 13 equine cases (1 in Paca, 5 in Corsica and 7 in Occitanie) and 4 infected raptors with nervous symptoms (3 in Paca and 1 in Corsica). Genomic characterization of the virus identified a strain belonging to the lineage 2 among 2 raptors. No virus was found in mosquitoes captured in affected areas. Since 2000, six episodes of WNV transmission were reported in France but none with this extent. For the first time, the lineage 2, circulating in Italy and other European countries, was isolated in France which might be changing epidemiological situation. Therefore, surveillance activities should be revised in order to promptly secure blood products. Key messages We describe the most important episode of West Nile Virus transmission identified in humans in France. In 2018, West Nile virus lineage 2 was isolated for the first time in France which might change the epidemiological situation in the country.

scholarly journals Emerging Trends in the West Nile Virus Epidemiology in Croatia in the ‘One Health’ Context, 2011–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek ◽  
Vladimir Savic ◽  
Ana Klobucar ◽  
Thomas Ferenc ◽  
Maja Ilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
North West ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Serologic Evidence ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
The One ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
First Time

West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the most widely distributed (re-)emerging arboviruses. In Croatia, acute WNV infections as well as seropositivity were detected in humans, horses, birds and poultry. Although serologic evidence of WNV human infections dates back to the 1970s, no clinical cases were reported until 2012. WNV outbreaks, as well as sporadic infections, were continuously recorded in continental Croatian counties from 2012 to 2018. In addition, acute asymptomatic infections (IgM antibodies) in horses have been regularly notified in continental regions since 2012, while seropositive horses (seroprevalence rates 3.7–21.4%) were detected in both continental and coastal regions. Moreover, WNV seropositivity in poultry (1.8–22.9%) was reported from 2013 to 2020. During the largest WNV outbreak in 2018, WNV RNA was detected for the first time in two dead goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) from the same aviary in North-West Croatia, while WNV antibodies were found in one buzzard (Butteo butteo) from the same region. In addition, WNV RNA was detected in a dead blackbird (Turdus merula) at the Croatian littoral. The phylogenetic analysis of 11 strains detected in urine samples of patients with neuroinvasive disease and 1 strain detected in a goshawk showed circulation of WNV lineage 2. Thus far, WNV has not been detected in mosquitoes in Croatia.

scholarly journals Co‐Infections: Simultaneous Detections of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in Birds from Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Dianne Santos ◽  
Friederike Michel ◽  
Claudia Wylezich ◽  
Dirk Höper ◽  
Markus Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Usutu Virus
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