scholarly journals Characterization of Dental Epithelial Stem Cells from the Mouse Incisor with Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Platforms

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquella G. Chavez ◽  
Wenli Yu ◽  
Brian Biehs ◽  
Hidemitsu Harada ◽  
Malcolm L. Snead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Mouse Incisor

scholarly journals Derivation and Characterization of EGFP-Labeled Rabbit Limbal Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Potential for Research in Regenerative Ophthalmology

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1134
Author(s):  
Julia I. Khorolskaya ◽  
Daria A. Perepletchikova ◽  
Daniel V. Kachkin ◽  
Kirill E. Zhurenkov ◽  
Elga I. Alexander-Sinkler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Limbal Stem Cell ◽  
Green Fluorescent

The development of cell-based approaches to the treatment of various cornea pathologies, including limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), is an area of current interest in regenerative biomedicine. In this context, the shortage of donor material is urgent, and limbal mesenchymal stem cells (L-MSCs) may become a promising cell source for the development of these novel approaches, being established mainly within the rabbit model. In this study, we obtained and characterized rabbit L-MSCs and modified them with lentiviral transduction to express the green fluorescent protein EGFP (L-MSCs-EGFP). L-MSCs and L-MSCs-EGFP express not only stem cell markers specific for mesenchymal stem cells but also ABCG2, ABCB5, ALDH3A1, PAX6, and p63a specific for limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs), as well as various cytokeratins (3/12, 15, 19). L-MSCs-EGFP have been proven to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic directions, as well as to transdifferentiate into epithelial cells. The possibility of using L-MSCs-EGFP to study the biocompatibility of various scaffolds developed to treat corneal pathologies was demonstrated. L-MSCs-EGFP may become a useful tool for studying regenerative processes occurring during the treatment of various corneal pathologies, including LSCD, with the use of cell-based technologies.

All About Cells

Bioprinting ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Kenneth Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Outer Skin ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Selective Access

Abstract: This chapter takes the reader on an imaginary scuba diving tour of the watery world of the cell and its surroundings, pointing out features such as the cytoskeleton (that forms the equivalent of the bones and muscles of our cells), the cell membrane (the outer skin of the cell), and the cell membrane’s embedded proteins that provide selective access to the interior of the cell—organelles (elfin versions our own organs). The chapter stresses the tumultuous action that occurs non-stop within the cells as proteins are assembled for use within and outside the cells. The chapter discusses stem cells, including the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells. The chapter relates how cells differentiate to become dissimilar cell types, stresses the importance of three-dimensional study of cells (rather than two-dimensional study), and explains the different ways in which cells talk to each other.

scholarly journals Modeling Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infections in Human Central Nervous System Neuronal Cells Using Two- and Three-Dimensional Cultures Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo D’Aiuto ◽  
David C. Bloom ◽  
Jennifer N. Naciri ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Terri G. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Cns Neurons ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hsv 1

ABSTRACTHerpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establishes latency in both peripheral nerve ganglia and the central nervous system (CNS). The outcomes of acute and latent infections in these different anatomic sites appear to be distinct. It is becoming clear that many of the existing culture models using animal primary neurons to investigate HSV-1 infection of the CNS are limited and not ideal, and most do not recapitulate features of CNS neurons. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and neurons derived from them are documented as tools to study aspects of neuropathogenesis, but few have focused on modeling infections of the CNS. Here, we characterize functional two-dimensional (2D) CNS-like neuron cultures and three-dimensional (3D) brain organoids made from hiPSCs to model HSV-1–human–CNS interactions. Our results show that (i) hiPSC-derived CNS neurons are permissive for HSV-1 infection; (ii) a quiescent state exhibiting key landmarks of HSV-1 latency described in animal models can be established in hiPSC-derived CNS neurons; (iii) the complex laminar structure of the organoids can be efficiently infected with HSV, with virus being transported from the periphery to the central layers of the organoid; and (iv) the organoids support reactivation of HSV-1, albeit less efficiently than 2D cultures. Collectively, our results indicate that hiPSC-derived neuronal platforms, especially 3D organoids, offer an extraordinary opportunity for modeling the interaction of HSV-1 with the complex cellular and architectural structure of the human CNS.IMPORTANCEThis study employed human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to model acute and latent HSV-1 infections in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) CNS neuronal cultures. We successfully established acute HSV-1 infections and infections showing features of latency. HSV-1 infection of the 3D organoids was able to spread from the outer surface of the organoid and was transported to the interior lamina, providing a model to study HSV-1 trafficking through complex neuronal tissue structures. HSV-1 could be reactivated in both culture systems; though, in contrast to 2D cultures, it appeared to be more difficult to reactivate HSV-1 in 3D cultures, potentially paralleling the low efficiency of HSV-1 reactivation in the CNS of animal models. The reactivation events were accompanied by dramatic neuronal morphological changes and cell-cell fusion. Together, our results provide substantive evidence of the suitability of hiPSC-based neuronal platforms to model HSV-1–CNS interactions in a human context.

Notch signalling is required for the survival of epithelial stem cells in the continuously growing mouse incisor

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szabolcs Felszeghy ◽  
Marika Suomalainen ◽  
Irma Thesleff
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Notch Signalling ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Mouse Incisor

scholarly journals Characterization of the translocon of the outer envelope of chloroplasts

2003 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Schleiff ◽  
Jürgen Soll ◽  
Michael Küchler ◽  
Werner Kühlbrandt ◽  
Roswitha Harrer
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Interior Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Outer Envelope ◽  
Core Complex ◽  
The Core ◽  
Precursor Proteins ◽  
Stable Core

The protein translocon of the outer envelope of chloroplasts (Toc) consists of the core subunits Toc159, Toc75, and Toc34. To investigate the molecular structure, the core complex was purified. This core complex has an apparent molecular mass of ∼500 kD and a molecular stoichiometry of 1:4:4–5 between Toc159, Toc75, and Toc34. The isolated translocon recognizes both transit sequences and precursor proteins in a GTP-dependent manner, suggesting its functional integrity. The complex is embedded by the lipids phosphatidylcholine and digalactosyldiacylglyceride. Two-dimensional structural analysis by EM revealed roughly circular particles consistent with the formation of a stable core complex. The particles show a diameter of ∼130 Å with a solid ring and a less dense interior structure. A three-dimensional map obtained by random conical tilt reconstruction of electron micrographs suggests that a “finger”-like central region separates four curved translocation channels within one complex.

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