scholarly journals Neurotization Improves Contractile Forces of Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2813-2821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Dhawan ◽  
Ian F. Lytle ◽  
Douglas E. Dow ◽  
Yen-Chih Huang ◽  
David L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Contractile Forces

scholarly journals A DIC Based Technique to Measure the Contraction of a Skeletal Muscle Engineered Tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Rizzuto ◽  
Silvia Carosio ◽  
Martina Faraldi ◽  
Simona Pisu ◽  
Antonio Musarò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Spontaneous Contraction ◽  
Noninvasive Measurement ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Engineered Tissue ◽  
Contractile Forces

Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary science based on the application of engineering approaches to biologic tissue formation. Engineered tissue internal organization represents a key aspect to increase biofunctionality before transplant and, as regarding skeletal muscles, the potential of generating contractile forces is dependent on the internal fiber organization and is reflected by some macroscopic parameters, such as the spontaneous contraction. Here we propose the application of digital image correlation (DIC) as an independent tool for an accurate and noninvasive measurement of engineered muscle tissue spontaneous contraction. To validate the proposed technique we referred to the X-MET, a promising 3-dimensional model of skeletal muscle. The images acquired through a high speed camera were correlated with a custom-made algorithm and the longitudinal strain predictions were employed for measuring the spontaneous contraction. The spontaneous contraction reference values were obtained by studying the force response. The relative error between the spontaneous contraction frequencies computed in both ways was always lower than 0.15%. In conclusion, the use of a DIC based system allows for an accurate and noninvasive measurement of biological tissues’ spontaneous contraction, in addition to the measurement of tissue strain field on any desired region of interest during electrical stimulation.

scholarly journals The Blood and Muscle Expression Pattern of the Equine TCAP Gene during the Race Track Training of Arabian Horses

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier ◽  
Tomasz Szmatoła ◽  
Joanna Łątka ◽  
Bogusława Długosz ◽  
Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Muscle Plasticity ◽  
Race Track ◽  
Contractile Forces

Horse musculature has been shaped through evolution by environmental and human factors, which has resulted in several extraordinary adaptations to physical effort. Skeletal muscle plasticity results from the response to mechanical stimulation causing hypertrophy, where sarcomeres increase the muscle’s cross-sectional area under the influence of contractile forces. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of transcript abundance of the telethonin (TCAP) gene, which is a part of the sarcomere macromolecular mechanosensory complex in the gluteus medius muscle, and the whole blood of Arabian horses during flat race training. The analysis, performed by quantitative PCR, showed an increase of TCAP transcripts in skeletal muscle. However, in whole blood, the transcript abundance decreased after the first stage of training and further increased after the second phase. The obtained results indicate a lack of similarity of TCAP gene expression in both tissues.

scholarly journals Effects of a Glutamine Supplement on the Skeletal Muscle Contractile Force of Mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Waddell ◽  
Kim Fredricks
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Contractile Forces ◽  
And Control ◽  
Muscle Contractile ◽  
Abundant Amino Acid

L-glutamine is the most abundant amino acid found in human muscle and plays an important role in protein synthesis. It is, therefore, believed that by increasing L-glutamine levels, protein metabolism can be increased, resulting in skeletal muscle growth. The goal of this research was to determine if increased L-glutamine levels enhanced muscle growth in mice. Comparisons between the contractile force of the gastrocnemis muscles of a control group and a group that received the supplement through their water supply were intended to determine if muscle growth occurred. T-tests were used to compare the contractile forces of the experimental and control mice. There was a significant difference between the contractile forces of the experimental and control groups. This suggests that L-glutamine supplementation increased the muscle growth of the experimental mice.

scholarly journals Functional skeletal muscle constructs from transdifferentiated human fibroblasts

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Xu ◽  
Allison Siehr ◽  
Wei Shen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Myogenic Cells ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
Contractile Forces ◽  
Myod Expression

AbstractTransdifferentiation of human non-muscle cells directly into myogenic cells by forced expression of MyoD represents one route to obtain highly desirable human myogenic cells. However, functional properties of the tissue constructs derived from these transdifferentiated cells have been rarely studied. Here, we report that three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs engineered with iMyoD-hTERT-NHDFs, normal human dermal fibroblasts transduced with genes encoding human telomerase reverse transcriptase and doxycycline-inducible MyoD, generate detectable contractile forces in response to electrical stimuli upon MyoD expression. Withdrawal of doxycycline in the middle of 3D culture results in 3.05 and 2.28 times increases in twitch and tetanic forces, respectively, suggesting that temporally-controlled MyoD expression benefits functional myogenic differentiation of transdifferentiated myoblast-like cells. Treatment with CHIR99021, a Wnt activator, and DAPT, a Notch inhibitor, leads to further enhanced contractile forces. The ability of these abundant and potentially patient-specific and disease-specific cells to develop into functional skeletal muscle constructs makes them highly valuable for many applications, such as disease modeling.

Chronic β-blockade increases skeletal muscle β-adrenergicreceptor density and enhances contractile force

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
René J. L. Murphy ◽  
Phillip F. Gardiner ◽  
Guy Rousseau ◽  
Michel Bouvier ◽  
Louise Béliveau
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Receptor Density ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonist ◽  
Contractile Forces

Murphy, René J. L., Phillip F. Gardiner, Guy Rousseau, Michel Bouvier, and Louise Béliveau. Chronic β-blockade increases skeletal muscle β-adrenergic-receptor density and enhances contractile force. J. Appl. Physiol.83(2): 459–465, 1997.—The effects of a chronic 14-day administration of a selective β2-adrenergic-receptor antagonist (ICI-118551) on skeletal muscle were evaluated in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Chronic ICI-118551 treatment did not modify muscle mass, oxidative potential, or protein concentration of the medial gastrocnemius muscle, suggesting that maintenance of these skeletal muscle characteristics is not dependent on β2-adrenergic-receptor stimulation. However, the drug treatment increased β-adrenergic-receptor density of the lateral gastrocnemius (42%) and caused an increase in specific (g/g) isometric in situ contractile forces of the medial gastrocnemius [twitch, 56%; tetanic (200 Hz), 28%]. The elevated contractile forces observed after a chronic treatment with ICI-118551 were completely abolished when the β2-adrenergic antagonist was also administered acutely before measurement of contractile forces, suggesting that this response is β2-adrenergic-receptor dependent. Possible mechanisms for the increased forces were studied. Caffeine administration potentiated twitch forces but had little effect on tetanic force in control animals. Administration of dibutyryl adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate in control animals also resulted in small increases of twitch force but did not modify tetanic forces. We conclude that increases in β-adrenergic-receptor density and the stimulation of the receptors by endogenous catecholamines appear to be responsible for increased contractile forces but that the mechanism remains to be demonstrated.

Endotoxin Alteration of the Mucopolysaccharide Blood Vessel Coating in Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
D. E. Philpott ◽  
A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Brain

Two month, eight month and two year old rats were treated with 10 or 20 mg/kg of E. Coli endotoxin I. P. The eight month old rats proved most resistant to the endotoxin. During fixation the aorta, carotid artery, basil arartery of the brain, coronary vessels of the heart, inner surfaces of the heart chambers, heart and skeletal muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, retina, trachae, intestine, salivary gland, adrenal gland and gingiva were treated with ruthenium red or alcian blue to preserve the mucopolysaccharide (MPS) coating. Five, 8 and 24 hrs of endotoxin treatment produced increasingly marked capillary damage, disappearance of the MPS coating, edema, destruction of endothelial cells and damage to the basement membrane in the liver, kidney and lung.

Ultra-Rapid Freezing of Isolated Skeletal Muscle Fibers

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
Joachim R. Sommer ◽  
Nancy R. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Granular Material ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Frog Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electrical Isolation

After Howell (1) had shown that ruthenium red treatment of fixed frog skeletal muscle caused collapse of the intermediate cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), forming a pentalaminate structure by obi iterating the SR lumen, we demonstrated that the phenomenon involves the entire SR including the nuclear envelope and that it also occurs after treatment with other cations, including calcium (2,3,4).From these observations we have formulated a hypothesis which states that intracellular calcium taken up by the SR at the end of contraction causes the M rete to collapse at a certain threshold concentration as the first step in a subsequent centrifugal zippering of the free SR toward the junctional SR (JSR). This would cause a) bulk transport of SR contents, such as calcium and granular material (4) into the JSR and, b) electrical isolation of the free SR from the JSR.

Electron Probe Analysis of Muscle

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 398-401
Author(s):  
A. V. Somlyo ◽  
H. Shuman ◽  
A. P. Somlyo
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Frog Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electron Probe Analysis ◽  
Probe Analysis

Electron probe analysis of frozen dried cryosections of frog skeletal muscle, rabbit vascular smooth muscle and of isolated, hyperpermeab1 e rabbit cardiac myocytes has been used to determine the composition of the cytoplasm and organelles in the resting state as well as during contraction. The concentration of elements within the organelles reflects the permeabilities of the organelle membranes to the cytoplasmic ions as well as binding sites. The measurements of [Ca] in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and mitochondria at rest and during contraction, have direct bearing on their role as release and/or storage sites for Ca in situ.

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