Antibiotic Susceptibility of Non-Cholera Vibrios Isolated from Farmed and Wild Marine Fish (Argyrosomus japonicus), Implications for Public Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1296-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Fri ◽  
Roland Ndip Ndip ◽  
Henry Akum Njom ◽  
Anna Maria Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility

scholarly journals Parasite fauna of Lutjanus synagris commercialized in the fish market from Bragança-PA, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalino da Costa Sousa ◽  
Daiana Silva Dos Santos ◽  
Silmara Rosa Silva ◽  
Alexandre Vaz Da Silva ◽  
Jucimauro de Araújo P. Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
Relative Dominance ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

Studies about the parasite fauna of marine fish highlights as an important problem for public health with zoonotic parasites or affecting the fish quality. Thus, this study evaluated the parasite fauna of Lutjanus synagris commercialized in the fish market from Bragança-PA. In laboratory, 58 fish were measured, weighted and conducted to parasitological analysis to determine parasitological indexes and relative dominance. Every parasite was fixed and identified until to the lowest taxonomic level. Through the parasitological analysis, it found Cymothoidae, Digenea, Cucullanus sp. and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp., with total prevalence 67.24%. Digenea showed the highest prevalence and mean intensity values. For nematode, Cucullanus sp. obtained the greater prevalence and relative dominance, while Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. showed the greater mean intensity and abundance. Cymothoidae showed the lowest prevalence and mean intensity values. As conclusion, the parasite fauna of L. synagris has been noted with low diversity, reporting the nematode occurrence Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus).

Creation of State Antibiogram and Subsequent Launch of Public Health–Coordinated Antibiotic Stewardship in New Hampshire

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492199577
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Leeman ◽  
Benjamin P. Chan ◽  
Carly R. Zimmermann ◽  
Elizabeth A. Talbot ◽  
Michael S. Calderwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Antibiotic Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Tract Infections

Background An antibiogram is a summary of antibiotic susceptibility patterns for selected bacterial pathogens and antibiotics. The New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services’ Division of Public Health Services (DPHS) sought to create an annual state antibiogram to monitor statewide antibiotic resistance trends, guide appropriate empiric antibiotic prescribing, and inform future statewide antibiotic stewardship. Methods Through legislative authority, DPHS required hospital laboratories to report antibiogram data annually. DPHS convened an advisory group of infectious disease and pharmacy stakeholders and experts to develop a standardized reporting form for bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility, which was disseminated to all 26 hospitals in New Hampshire. We combined the reported data into a statewide antibiogram, and we created clinical messaging to highlight findings and promote rational antibiotic prescribing among health care providers. Results All hospital laboratories in New Hampshire submitted annual antibiogram data for 2016 and 2017, including more than 30 000 and 20 000 bacterial isolates recovered from urine and nonurine cultures, respectively, each year. The advisory group created clinical messages for appropriate treatment of common infectious syndromes, including uncomplicated urinary tract infections, community-acquired pneumonia, skin and soft-tissue infections, intra-abdominal infections, and health care–associated gram-negative aerobic infections. The statewide antibiograms and clinical messaging were widely disseminated. Conclusions The small size of New Hampshire, a centralized public health structure, and close working relationships with hospitals and clinical partners allowed for efficient creation and dissemination of an annual statewide antibiogram, which has fostered public health–clinical partnerships and built a foundation for future state-coordinated antibiotic stewardship. This process serves as a model for other jurisdictions that are considering antibiogram development.

scholarly journals Bacterial pathogens isolated from currency notes circulating amongst live-bird marketers in Damaturu and Potiskum, Yobe State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Klebsiella Spp ◽  
Live Bird ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus

Bacterial contamination of currency notes is of veterinary and public health importance because contaminated notes could serve as vector for the spread of pathogenic and perhaps multidrug resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial contaminants found in various denominations of the Nigerian currency circulating among live-bird vendors in Yobe State, Nigeria. Three hundred and twenty (320) currency notes of all denominations were collected from the marketers for investigation. All samples were screened for bacterial pathogens according to standard techniques. The disc diffusion method was used to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of each of the isolated bacterial species against twelve antimicrobial drugs. The result showed that the higher denominations (N1000 - N100) were contaminated by Bacillus spp, (48.2 %), Eischerchiia coli ((13.5 %), Klebsiella spp (6.4 %) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.0%), Salmonella spp (0.7%), Coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus (17.0%), and Streptococcus spp (9.2%) while the lower denominations (N50 - N5) were contaminated by Bacillus spp (37.1%), coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus (19.1%,), E. coli (14.6 %), Klebsiella spp (5.1 %), P. aeruginosa (6.7%), Salmonella spp (7.3%) and Streptococcus spp (10.1%). All the isolated bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, oxacillin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline. Ciprofloxacin had the greatest activity followed by nitrofurantoin, neomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin. The present study revealed that Naira notes circulating among live-bird marketers were contaminated by pathogenic bacteria. It is recommended that live-bird traders should observe strict personal and environmental hygiene while engaging in their daily transaction to forestall any public health threat that may arise from transmission of disease pathogens from the legal tender of transaction in the market.

scholarly journals Distribution of Enterobacteria in Ready-to-Eat Food in Cafeterias and Retail Food Outlets in Benin City: Public Health Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-94
Author(s):  
I.H. Igbinosa ◽  
A. Beshiru ◽  
N.E. Egharevba ◽  
E.O. Igbinosa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Isolation And Identification

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of enterobacteria isolated from ready-to-eat foods within Benin metropolis, Nigeria.Methods: This was a descriptive study of 210 ready-to-eat food samples comprising fried rice, jollof rice, moi-moi, salad, oil beans, non-oil beans, and African salad obtained from roadside food vendors between January and June 2017. Isolation and identification of enterobacteria isolates were carried out using standard bacteriological and molecular methods. Antibiotic susceptibility profile was carried out using the disc diffusion method.Results: The mean mesophilic bacterial count expressed in log10 CFU/g from the ready-to-eat foods ranged from oil beans (4.3±0.52) to African salad (7.2±1.38). Escherichia coli count ranged between oil beans (1.8±0.16) and African salad (4.1±0.10). Salmonella species count ranged from non-oil beans (2.3±0.17) to African salad (5.2±0.09). Significant differences were observed from the population count of the ready-to-eat foods (p < 0.05). Bacterial isolates recovered from the ready-to-eat foods include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca. The highest occurrence of the bacterial isolates was Escherichia coli 23(41.07%) while the least was Citrobacter freundii 3(5.36%) and Enterobacter cloacae 3(5.36%). The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the bacterial isolates revealed that all bacterial isolates were 100% resistant to cefepime, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ertapenem, and meropenem; with considerable sensitivity to kanamycin and gentamycin.Conclusion: The occurrence of these bacterial isolates in the foods constitutes public health risk to consumers as these pathogens have been associated with foodborne infections. Keywords: Antibiotic-resistant; Enterobacteria; Foodborne pathogens; Microbial quality; Public health; Street foods

scholarly journals Comparison of Nasal Colonization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in HIV-Infected and Non-HIV Patients Attending the National Public Health Laboratory of Central Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalash Neupane ◽  
Binod Rayamajhee ◽  
Jyoti Acharya ◽  
Nisha Rijal ◽  
Dipendra Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
National Public Health

Background. Staphylococcus aureus is a cardinal source of community- and hospital-acquired infection. HIV infection is a well-recognized risk factor for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) carriage and infection. Intrinsically developed antibiotic resistance has sharply increased the burden of MRSA which is often associated with morbidity and mortality of the patients. Moreover, nasal carriage of S. aureus plays a significant role in spread of community-associated (CA) S. aureus infections. Methods. This study was conducted from June 2016 to December 2016 at National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Kathmandu, with an aim to assess the rate of S. aureus nasal carriage and MRSA carriage among HIV-infected and non-HIV patients. A total of 600 nonrepeated nasal swabs were analyzed following standard microbiological procedures, where 300 swabs were from HIV-infected patients while remaining 300 were from non-HIV patients. The isolates were identified on the basis of colony characteristics and a series of biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) was performed by the modified Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Inducible clindamycin resistance in isolates was confirmed by the D-test method. Results. Overall, out of 600 nasal swabs of patients tested, 125 (20.8%) were S. aureus nasal carriers which included 80 out of 300 (26.66%) among HIV-infected patients and 45 (15%) out of 300 among non-HIV patients, and the result was statistically significant (p=0.0043). Among the isolated S. aureus, 11 (13.8%) MRSA were confirmed in HIV-infected while 3 (6.7%) MRSA were detected from non-HIV patients. A higher number of S. aureus carriers was detected among HIV-infected males 40 (26.49%), whereas MRSA carriage was more prevalent among HIV-infected females 7 (5.1%). Among the HIV-infected, patients of age group 31–40 years were the ones with highest carriage rate 36 (45%), while in non-HIV patients, the highest rate 13 (28.9%) of carriage was detected among the patients of age group 21–30 years. Statistically significant difference was found between S. aureus carriage and HIV infection in patients (p<0.05). Higher rate 2/3 (66.7%) of inducible clindamycin resistance in MRSA was detected from non-HIV patients in comparison to HIV-infected patients 7/11 (63.63%) while the result was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). All the MRSA isolates (100%) were resistant against co-trimoxazole while ciprofloxacin showed high rate of sensitivity towards both MSSA and MRSA. None of the isolates were detected as VRSA. The major factors associated with nasal colonization of S. aureus were close personal contact, current smoking habit, and working or living in a farm (p<0.05). Conclusion. Regular surveillance and monitoring of MRSA nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility pattern are of prime importance in controlling S. aureus infections especially in high risk groups like HIV-infected patients.

scholarly journals Epidemiology, Antibiotic Susceptibility and Serotype Distribution ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeAssociated with Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in British Columbia - A Call to Strengthen Public Health Pneumococcal Immunization Programs

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bigham ◽  
David M Patrick ◽  
Elizabeth Bryce ◽  
Sylvie Champagne ◽  
Carol Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five

BACKGROUND: This study examined the epidemiology, antibiotic susceptibility and serotype distribution ofStreptococcuspneumoniaeassociated with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in British Columbia.METHODS: Six hospitals and one private laboratory network participated in a prospective, sentinel laboratory based surveillance study of IPD, between October 1999 and October 2000. At each site,S pneumoniaeisolates were collected and epidemiological data were gathered using a structured questionnaire, for all cases of IPD meeting the study case definition. Isolates were serotyped and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Bivariate associations were analyzed and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors associated with hospitalization or death.RESULTS: One hundred three reports and isolates were collected. Seventy-nine per cent of cases were community-acquired, 64% required hospitalization and 5% died. Cases with one or more assessed risk factor for IPD and of female sex were independent variables associated with hospitalization or death. One-third of isolates had reduced penicillin susceptibility and 96% of these represented serotypes contained in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23). Overall, 89% of serotypes identified are included in the PPV-23 vaccine and 88% of isolates from children under five years of age are found in the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7). Forty-one per cent of cases qualified for publicly funded pneumococcal vaccine and 34% of eligible persons were vaccinated.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, pneumococcal serotypes associated with IPD in this study closely matched serotypes included in PPV-23 products currently licensed in Canada. Most serotypes associated with IPD in children under five years of age are included in a recently licenced PCV-7. One third of isolates demonstrated reduced penicillin susceptibility, most involving serotypes included in PPV-23. Effective delivery of current public health immunization programs using PPV-23 and extending protection to infants and young children using the PCV-7 will prevent many cases of IPD.

scholarly journals Assessing Toxic Elemental Concentrations in Marine Fish Trachurus capensis (Cape Horse Mackerel) and Implications for Public Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1395-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Debipersadh ◽  
Ramganesh Selvarajan ◽  
Timothy Sibanda ◽  
Richard Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Horse Mackerel ◽  
Elemental Concentrations
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