The Use of Bulk Tank Milk Samples to Monitor Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance on Dairy Farms

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Catharina B. Berge ◽  
Staci C. Champagne ◽  
Regina M. Finger ◽  
William M. Sischo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank

Characterization of the microbiota and resistome of bulk tank milk samples from Prince Edward Island dairy farms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landon M.C. Warder ◽  
Enrique Doster ◽  
Jennifer K. Parker ◽  
Paul S. Morley ◽  
J.T. McClure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank

scholarly journals Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in relation to the somatic cell count in quarter, cow composite and bulk tank milk samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Åkerstedt ◽  
Karin Persson Waller ◽  
Åse Sternesjö
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank

Milk somatic cell count (SCC) is the gold standard in diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, and is also an important parameter in quality programmes of dairy cooperatives. As routine SCC analysis is usually restricted to central laboratories, much effort has been invested in the search for alternative biomarkers of mastitis and milk quality, including the presence in the milk of the acute phase proteins (APP), haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA). The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between Hp, SAA and SCC in quarter, cow composite, and bulk tank milk samples. Cows (n=165), without any clinical signs of disease or abnormalities in the milk or udder, from three different dairy farms, were used. Cow composite milk samples from all cows delivering milk at the sampling occasion were taken once in each herd. In one of the farms, representative quarter milk samples (n=103) from 26 cows were also collected. In addition, bulk tank milk samples from 96 dairy farms were included in the study. Samples were analysed for Hp, SAA and SCC, and relationships between the parameters were evaluated at quarter, cow and tank milk levels using Chi-square analysis. Milk samples were categorized according to their SCC, and the presence, or no presence, of SAA and Hp, based on the detection limits of the screening methods (0·3 mg/l and 1·0 mg/l for SAA and Hp, respectively). Hp and SAA were found in milk at quarter, cow composite and bulk tank levels. A large proportion (53%) of the animals had detectable milk concentrations of APP, and SAA was detected more frequently, and at higher concentrations than Hp, regardless of sample type. SAA was detected in as many as 82% of the bulk tank milk samples. Significant relationships were found between Hp, SAA and SCC at quarter and cow composite milk levels, but only between SAA and SCC at bulk tank milk level. Detectable levels of APP were more common at high SCC.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in cows’ and ewes’ bulk tank milk samples from selected dairy farms of Central Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizia Guidi ◽  
Annalisa Petruzzelli ◽  
Floriana Ciarrocchi ◽  
Anna Duranti ◽  
Andrea Valiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Bulk Tank Milk and Fecal Samples from Cull Cows: A 12-Month Survey of Dairy Farms in East Tennessee

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 752-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. MURINDA ◽  
L. T. NGUYEN ◽  
S. J. IVEY ◽  
B. E. GILLESPIE ◽  
R. A. ALMEIDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank

A study on the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was conducted on 30 dairy farms in east Tennessee between May 2000 and April 2001. This pathogen was isolated from 8 of 30 (26.7%) dairy farms at various sampling times. A total of 415 fecal samples from cull dairy cows and 268 bulk tank milk samples were analyzed. Overall, 10 of 683 (1.46%) samples (2 of 268 [0.75%] milk samples and 8 of 415 [1.93%] fecal samples) tested positive for E. coli O157:H7. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual protocols were used for the conventional isolation and confirmation of E. coli O157:H7. Samples were shake cultured (150 rpm) at 42°C for 24 h in tryptic soy broth containing 2 mg of novobiocin per liter. White colonies isolated on cefixime-tellurite sorbitol MacConkey agar plates were evaluated for fluorescence on sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with 0.025 g of methylumbelliferyl-β-d-glucuronide per liter. Nonfluorescing white colonies were biochemically typed and serologically confirmed. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction profiles of E. coli O157: H7 isolates indicated the presence of common virulence factors (Shiga toxin, enterohemolysin, and intimin) of Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, suggesting the potential human pathogenicity of bacterial isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of SpeI and XbaI restriction enzyme–digested genomic DNA were used to establish relatedness among bacterial isolates. Data from this study indicate that both cull dairy cows and bulk tank milk pose a potential hazard with regard to human foodborne illness. It is therefore imperative to develop on-farm and preharvest pathogen reduction programs to control the carriage of E. coli O157:H7 pathogens.

scholarly journals Application of statistical process control for monitoring bulk tank milk somatic cell count of smallholder dairy farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2429-2435
Author(s):  
Veerasak Punyapornwithaya ◽  
Chalutwan Sansamur ◽  
Tawatchai Singhla ◽  
Paramintra Vinitchaikul
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

Background and Aim: Consistency in producing raw milk with less variation in bulk tank milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) is important for dairy farmers as their profit is highly affected by it in the long run. Statistical process control (SPC) is widely used for monitoring and detecting variations in an industrial process. Published reports on the application of the SPC method to smallholder farm data are very limited. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the capability of the SPC method for monitoring the variation of BMSCC levels in milk samples collected from smallholder dairy farms. Materials and Methods: Bulk tank milk samples (n=1302) from 31 farms were collected 3 times/month for 14 consecutive months. The samples were analyzed to determine the BMSCC levels. The SPC charts, including the individual chart (I-chart) and the moving range chart (MR-chart), were created to determine the BMSCC variations, out of control points, and process signals for each farm every month. The interpretation of the SPC charts was reported to dairy cooperative authorities and veterinarians. Results: Based on a set of BMSCC values as well as their variance from SPC charts, a series of BMSCC data could be classified into different scenarios, including farms with high BMSCC values but with low variations or farms with low BMSCC values and variations. Out of control points and signals or alarms corresponding to the SPC rules, such as trend and shift signals, were observed in some of the selected farms. The information from SPC charts was used by authorities and veterinarians to communicate with dairy farmers to monitor and control BMSCC for each farm. Conclusion: This study showed that the SPC method can be used to monitor the variation of BMSCC in milk sampled from smallholder farms. Moreover, information obtained from the SPC charts can serve as a guideline for dairy farmers, dairy cooperative boards, and veterinarians to manage somatic cell counts in bulk tanks from smallholder dairy farms.

scholarly journals Arcobacter spp. in raw milk from vending machines in Piedmont and occurrence of virulence genes in isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaranta Traversa ◽  
Silvia Gallina ◽  
Francesca Martucci ◽  
Cvetelina Boteva ◽  
Elisa Baioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
P Type

Arcobacter spp. has been recognized as an emerging foodborne pathogen and a hazard to human health. In the dairy chain, it has been isolated from different sources, nevertheless data on Arcobacter occurrence in raw milk provided by vending machines are few. This study aimed to identify potentially pathogenic Arcobacter spp. in raw milk intended for human consumption sold through vending machines located in Piedmont. In an 8-month period, 37 raw milk samples were collected from 24 dairy farms: 12 (32,4%) were collected directly in farm from bulk tank milk and 25 (67,6%) from vending machines. Eight (21,6%) out of the 37 milk samples and 7 (29,2%) out of the 24 dairy farms were positive for Arcobacter spp. by culture examination. Four (16%) out of the 25 samples from vending machines and 4 (33,3%) out of the 12 samples from bulk tank milk were positive. All 8 isolates were identified as A. butzleri both by MALDI-TOF MS and multiplex end-point PCR. According to the detection of virulence genes, a total of four Patho-types were highlighted: 5 isolates in P-type 1 and only one isolate for each of the P-types 2-3-4. A. butzleri isolates carrying encoding virulence factors genes were isolated from raw milk intended for human consumption: these findings strengthen the compulsory consumption after boiling as required by current legislation and suggest the need of enlarging the analytical investigations to other microorganisms not yet included in the food safety criteria.

scholarly journals Molecular Characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from Bulk Tank Milk in Korea

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Sunghyun Yoon ◽  
Young Ju Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank

Enterococci are considered to be environmental mastitis-causing pathogens that can easily spread antimicrobial resistance or virulence genes via horizontal transfer. In this study, the molecular characteristics of enterococci from bulk tank milk were investigated to assess the importance of dairy herd management. A total of 338 enterococci (305 Enterococcus faecalis and 33 Enterococcus faecium) were isolated from 1584 batches of bulk tank milk samples from 396 farms affiliated with four dairy companies in Korea, and significant differences (40.6–79.7%) (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of enterococci were observed in the samples from different companies. Enterococci showed the highest resistance to tetracycline (TET) (73.4%), followed by doxycycline (DOX) (49.7%) and erythromycin (ERY) (46.2%), while two enterococci isolates showed resistance to vancomycin (VAN). Among 146 tetracycline (TET) and ERY-resistant enterococci, each 50 (19.4%) enterococci carried combination-resistance and transposon gene types erm(B) + tet(M) + IntTn and erm(B) + tet(L) + tet(M) + IntTn, respectively. The virulence genes such as ace (99.0%), efaA (97.7%), cad1 (95.7%), and gelE (85.9%) were highly conserved in E. faecalis and significantly predominated over E. faecium (p < 0.001). Our results indicate that pathogens from bulk tank milk can also become a reservoir for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors through cross-contamination processes.

Comparison of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Bulk Tank Milk in Organic and Conventional Dairy Herds in the Midwestern United States and Denmark

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1104-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SATO ◽  
T. W. BENNEDSGAARD ◽  
P. C. BARTLETT ◽  
R. J. ERSKINE ◽  
J. B. KANEENE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Aureus Isolate ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank

An observational study was conducted to compare the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bulk tank milk in organic and conventional dairy farms in Wisconsin, United States, and southern Jutland, Denmark. Bulk tank milk samples and data regarding management and production were collected from 30 organic and 30 conventional dairy farms in Wisconsin and 20 organic and 20 conventional dairy farms in Denmark. S. aureus isolates were tested for resistance against 15 antimicrobial agents by semiautomatic microbroth dilution methods in each country. Of the 118 bulk tank milk samples in Wisconsin, 71 samples (60%) yielded at least one S. aureus isolate, and a total of 331 isolates were collected. Of the 40 bulk tank milk samples from Denmark, 27 samples (55%) yielded at least one S. aureus isolate, and a total of 152 isolates were collected. Significant differences between organic and conventional dairies were detected only to ciprofloxacin in Wisconsin and avilamycin in Denmark. Significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) between the two countries were detected in nine antimicrobials. Denmark had a higher probability of having reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and streptomycin (P = 0.015 and 0.003, respectively). Wisconsin isolates had a higher probability of having reduced susceptibility to seven other antimicrobial agents (bacitracin, gentamicin, kanamycin, penicillin, sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim). We found small differences between organic and conventional farm types in each country and larger differences between the two national agricultural systems.

Occurrence and characterization of ciprofloxacin‐resistant Escherichia coli from bovine and ovine bulk tank milk samples in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cemil Kürekci ◽  
Muhsin Aydın ◽  
İbrahim Ozan Tekeli ◽  
Pınar Ambarcıoğlu ◽  
Seydi Ahmet Şengül ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank
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