Cognition and Learning in Decision-Making as Compensatory Mechanism for Emotional Processing Deficit

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-197
Author(s):  
Rowena Kong
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Processing Deficit ◽  
Cognition And Learning

Parental Decision-Making for Surgery and Anesthesia in Young Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592110216
Author(s):  
Audrey Rosenblatt ◽  
Michael Kremer ◽  
Olimpia Paun ◽  
Barbara Swanson ◽  
Rebekah Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Parental Decision ◽  
Parental Decision Making ◽  
Health Care Context ◽  
The Relationship

Millions of young children undergo surgery and anesthesia each year, yet there is a lack of scientific consensus about the safety of anesthesia exposure for the developing brain. Also poorly understood is parental anesthesia-related decision-making and how neurotoxicity information influences their choices. The theoretical model of parental decision-making generated in this research explicates this process. Interviews with 24 mothers yielded a theoretical framework based on their narratives developed using a qualitative grounded theory analysis. Five major themes emerged from these interviews: emotional processing, cognitive processing, relationships as resources, the mother/child dyad, and the health care context. Mothers described a non-linear, iterative process; they moved fluidly through emotional and cognitive processing supported by relationships as resources and influenced by the health care context. A key element was the subtheme of the medical translator, an individual who provided context and information. The mother/child dyad grounded the model in the relationship with the child.

scholarly journals Relationship between systolic blood pressure and decision-making during emotional processing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Jacqueline Andree Betka ◽  
David Watson ◽  
Sarah N Garfinkel ◽  
Gaby Pfeifer ◽  
Henrique Sequeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Emotional states are expressed in body and mind through subjective experience of physiological changes. In previous work, subliminal priming of anger prior to lexical decisions increased systolic blood pressure (SBP). This increase predicted the slowing of response times (RT), suggesting that baroreflex-related autonomic changes and their interoceptive (feedback) representations, influence cognition. Alexithymia is a subclinical affective dysfunction characterized by difficulty in identifying emotions. Atypical autonomic and interoceptive profiles are observed in alexithymia. Therefore, we sought to identify mechanisms through which SBP fluctuations during emotional processing might influence decision-making, including whether alexithymia contributes to this relationship. Methods Thirty-two male participants performed an affect priming paradigm and completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Emotional faces were briefly presented (20ms) prior a short-term memory task. RT, accuracy and SBP were recorded on a trial-by-trial basis. Generalized mixed-effects linear models were used to evaluate the impact of emotion, physiological changes, alexithymia score, and their interactions, on performances. Results A main effect of emotion was observed on accuracy. Participants were more accurate on trials with anger primes, compared to neutral priming. Greater accuracy was related to increased SBP. An interaction between SBP and emotion was observed on RT: Increased SBP was associated with RT prolongation in the anger priming condition, yet this relationship was absent under the sadness priming. Alexithymia did not significantly moderate the above relationships. Conclusions Our data suggest that peripheral autonomic responses during affective challenges guide cognitive processes. We discuss our findings in the theoretical framework proposed by Lacey and Lacey (1970).

scholarly journals Anxiety selectively increases information-seeking in response to large changes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Juliette Charpentier ◽  
Irene Cogliati Dezza ◽  
Valentina Vellani ◽  
Laura K. Globig ◽  
Maria Gädeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Changing Environments

Seeking information when anxious may help reduce uncertainty and guide decision-making. If information is negative or confusing, however, this may increase anxiety further. Information gathered under anxiety can thus be beneficial and/or damaging. Here, we examine whether anxiety leads to a general increase in information-seeking, or rather to situation-dependent changes in the type of information sought. In two controlled laboratory studies, we show that both trait and induced anxiety selectively increased information-seeking. In particular, anxiety did not enhance the general tendency to seek information, nor did it alter the valence of the information gathered. Rather anxiety increased information-seeking specifically in response to large changes in the environment. This was true even when the cause of the anxiety was not directly related to the information sought. As anxious individuals have been shown to have problems learning in changing environments, greater information-seeking in such environments may be an adaptive compensatory mechanism.

Subliminal Emotional Priming and Decision Making in a Simulated Hiring Situation

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inès Skandrani-Marzouki ◽  
Yousri Marzouki
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Candidate Target ◽  
Masked Repetition

The present study examines the unconscious influence of emotional information on decision making in a simulated hiring situation. We used a subliminal masked priming paradigm with varying faces as primes, which were presented for a duration of 50 ms and had two levels of emotion: positive emotion (happiness) and negative emotion (anger). These primes were followed by emotionally neutral target faces. Primes were congruent (same faces) or incongruent (different faces). Prime Emotion (positive vs. negative) was crossed with Prime Repetition (repeat vs. unrelated) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Each participant was tested in all four of the experimental conditions, each of which had 5 different trials. The participants were asked to indicate as rapidly as possible whether they were “favorable” or “unfavorable” toward the selection of the candidate (target face). Two dependent measures were analyzed: number of target faces chosen (i.e., number of “favorable” responses to target faces) and reaction time (RT). Results revealed a strong effect of emotional priming. Participants tended to choose more target faces preceded by positive prime faces than by negative prime faces. Moreover, they reacted faster when presented with target faces preceded by negative primes. Despite its exploratory nature, this study provides further evidence for the role of emotional processing in modulating decision processes and extends the experimental manipulation of subliminal emotion to the case of the masked repetition priming technique.

scholarly journals The effect of positive mood induction on emotional processing in euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder and controls

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roiser ◽  
A. Farmer ◽  
D. Lam ◽  
A. Burke ◽  
N. O'Neill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Emotional Bias

BackgroundMany studies have used negative mood induction techniques to investigate the effect of emotional state on cognitive performance but positive mood induction paradigms have been used less frequently. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of positive mood induction on emotional processing in euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) and controls.MethodPreviously, we reported that positive mood induction using a novel technique based on feedback produced a longer-lasting effect in euthymic individuals with BD than controls (Farmer et al.2006). Here we report the effect of mood induction on two tests of emotional processing, the Affective Go/No-go test (AGNG) and the Cambridge Gamble task (CGT), on which BD patients in the manic phase differ in their performance from controls.ResultsFollowing positive mood induction, bipolar cases exhibited a positive emotional bias on the AGNG and performed more slowly than controls on the CGT, particularly when making more difficult decisions.ConclusionsThese data confirm that positive mood induction is more effective in individuals with BD than controls. They also suggest that alterations in decision making and attentional biases occur even with transient and subtle changes in mood in bipolar disorder.

Human brain and financial behavior: a neurofinance perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrinalini Srivastava ◽  
Gagan Deep Sharma ◽  
Achal Kumar Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to review the relationship between neurological processes and financial behavior from an interdisciplinary perspective. Individual decision-making is influenced by cognitive and affective biases; hence, it becomes pertinent to understand the origin of these biases. Neurofinance is an emerging field of finance budding from neuroeconomics and explains the relationship between human brain activity and financial behavior, drawn from interdisciplinary fields, including neurology, psychology and finance. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual paper extensively reviews the extant literature and performs meta-analysis to attain its research objectives. Findings The paper highlights the use of neuroimaging techniques in mapping the brain areas to help understand the processes in the higher cognitive areas of brain. The paper raises some new questions regarding individual preferences and choices while making financial or non-financial decisions. Originality/value The special focus on dysfunctions arising in brain because of injury and their impact on decision-making is also a key point in this paper and is summarized using meta-analytic forest plot. The existing literature provides instances where emotional processing is altered by injury in brain and may lead to more advantageous decisions, especially in risky situations.

scholarly journals Decision-making with multiple correlated binary outcomes in clinical trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 3265-3277
Author(s):  
Xynthia Kavelaars ◽  
Joris Mulder ◽  
Maurits Kaptein
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Decision Criterion ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Binary Outcomes ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Type I ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Multiple Outcome ◽  
Correlated Binary Outcomes

Clinical trials often evaluate multiple outcome variables to form a comprehensive picture of the effects of a new treatment. The resulting multidimensional insight contributes to clinically relevant and efficient decision-making about treatment superiority. Common statistical procedures to make these superiority decisions with multiple outcomes have two important shortcomings, however: (1) Outcome variables are often modeled individually, and consequently fail to consider the relation between outcomes; and (2) superiority is often defined as a relevant difference on a single, on any, or on all outcome(s); and lacks a compensatory mechanism that allows large positive effects on one or multiple outcome(s) to outweigh small negative effects on other outcomes. To address these shortcomings, this paper proposes (1) a Bayesian model for the analysis of correlated binary outcomes based on the multivariate Bernoulli distribution; and (2) a flexible decision criterion with a compensatory mechanism that captures the relative importance of the outcomes. A simulation study demonstrates that efficient and unbiased decisions can be made while Type I error rates are properly controlled. The performance of the framework is illustrated for (1) fixed, group sequential, and adaptive designs; and (2) non-informative and informative prior distributions.

scholarly journals One week of chronic sleep debt does not affect decision-making processes in a mouse version of the Iowa Gambling Task

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Pittaras ◽  
Sylvie Granon ◽  
Arnaud Rabat
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Sleep Debt ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chronic Sleep

SummarySocio-professional pressures push people to sleep less which leads to chronic sleep debt (CSD) for a significant percentage of the population. Although the health consequences of CSD are well known, research shows that high-level cognitive processes in humans are more affected by acute sleep debt (ASD) rather than CSD (Drake et al., 2001). We have previously shown that ASD has deleterious effects on decision-making in mice and that some mice were more sensitive to ASD than others (Pittaras et al., 2018) by using a rodent version of the Iowa Gambling Task (Bechara et al., 1994). In this study, we showed that, as in humans, CSD has fewer effects on decision-making compared to ASD. We hypothesize that this observation was due to the set-up of a compensatory mechanism.

scholarly journals Social Cognition in Patients with Early-Onset Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ana Natalia Seubert-Ravelo ◽  
Ma Guillermina Yáñez-Téllez ◽  
María Lizbeth Lazo-Barriga ◽  
Alejandra Calderón Vallejo ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Martínez-Cortés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Social Reasoning ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Family Demands

Social cognition (SC) deficits have been linked to Parkinson’s disease (PD) but have been less well researched than general cognitive processes, especially in early-onset PD (EOPD), despite this population often having greater social and family demands. Most studies focus on recognition of facial emotion, theory of mind (ToM), and decision-making domains, with limited research reporting on social reasoning. The main objective of this work was to compare SC ability across four domains: emotional processing, social reasoning, ToM, and decision-making between patients with EOPD and healthy controls. Twenty-five nondemented patients with EOPD and 25 controls matched for sex, age, and educational level were enrolled. A battery that included six SC tests was administered to all study participants; a decision-making scale was completed by participants’ partners. Statistically significant differences were found between patients with EOPD and controls in all subtests across the four SC domains studied. The EOPD group demonstrated worse performance on all tasks, with large effect sizes. Differences remained significant after adjusting for Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test scores for all SC subtests except the decision-making scale and the Iowa gambling task. No significant correlations between SC and other clinical PD variables were found. Our study shows that patients with EOPD perform significantly below controls in multiple SC domains affecting recognition of facial emotion, social reasoning, ToM, and decision-making. Only decision-making seems to be mediated by overall cognitive ability. The confounding or contributing effect of other clinical PD variables should be studied further.

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