scholarly journals Neurocognitive Impairment in the Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Era in a Romanian Cohort of Young Adults with Chronic HIV Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aura Temereanca ◽  
Luminita Ene ◽  
Adelina Rosca ◽  
Carmen C. Diaconu ◽  
Anca Luca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Combined Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

scholarly journals Latent toxoplasmosis is associated with neurocognitive impairment in young adults with and without chronic HIV infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ene ◽  
T.D. Marcotte ◽  
A. Umlauf ◽  
C. Grancea ◽  
A. Temereanca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

HIV Infection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meena Kannan ◽  
Harrison Taylor ◽  
William Tyor
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cryptococcal Infection ◽  
Combined Antiretroviral Therapy

This chapter focuses on four common opportunistic infections of the nervous system associated with HIV infection, namely cryptococcal infection, cytomegalovirus infection, progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis, and toxoplasmosis. Essential features of neurobiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, diagnostic workup, clinical management, and outcome are discussed for each condition. Although combined antiretroviral therapy for HIV has generally reduced the incidence of these complications of HIV infection, they remain important considerations, especially in areas in which antiretrovirals are unavailable or have limited availability.

Structured Intermittent Interruption of Chronic HIV Infection Treatment with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: Effects on Leptin and TNF-α

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Montes De Oca Arjona ◽  
R. Pérez-Cano ◽  
R. Garcia-Juárez ◽  
A. Martín-Aspas ◽  
C. Fernández Gutiérrez Del Álamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Infection Treatment ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

scholarly journals B cells in early and chronic HIV infection: evidence for preservation of immune function associated with early initiation of antiretroviral therapy

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (25) ◽  
pp. 5571-5579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Moir ◽  
Clarisa M. Buckner ◽  
Jason Ho ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jenny Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Memory B Cells ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

Abstract Characterization of lymphocytes including B cells during early versus chronic HIV infection is important for understanding the impact of chronic viremia on immune cell function. In this setting, we investigated B cells before and after reduction of HIV plasma viremia by antiretroviral therapy (ART). At baseline, peripheral blood B-cell counts were significantly lower in both early and chronic HIV-infected individuals compared with uninfected controls. Similar to CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells, B-cell numbers in both groups increased significantly after ART. At baseline, B cells of early HIV-infected individuals were composed of a higher percentage of plasmablasts and resting memory B cells compared with chronic HIV-infected individuals whose B cells were composed of a higher percentage of immature/transitional and exhausted B cells compared with their early infection counterparts. At 1 year after ART, the percentage of resting memory B cells remained higher in early compared with chronic HIV-infected individuals. This difference translated into a better functional profile in that memory B-cell responses to HIV and non-HIV antigens were superior in early- compared with chronic-treated HIV infected individuals. These findings provide new insights on B cells in HIV infection and how early initiation of ART may prevent irreversible immune system damage.

scholarly journals Survival of non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients with and without HIV infection in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy

AIDS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1765-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Chao ◽  
Lanfang Xu ◽  
Donald Abrams ◽  
Wendy Leyden ◽  
Michael Horberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Combined Antiretroviral Therapy

scholarly journals Cryptic HBV Replicative Activity Is Frequently Revealed in Anti-HBc-Positive/HBsAg-Negative Patients with HIV Infection by Highly Sensitive Molecular Assays, and Can Be Predicted by Integrating Classical and Novel Serological HBV Markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Romina Salpini ◽  
Vincenzo Malagnino ◽  
Lorenzo Piermatteo ◽  
Tiziana Mulas ◽  
Mohammad Alkhatib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Hbv Replication ◽  
Positive Hbsag ◽  
Hbv Markers ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Combined Antiretroviral Therapy

The anti-HBc-positive/HBsAg-negative status is frequent in HIV-infection and correlates with poor survival. Here, by highly-sensitive assays, we evaluate cryptic HBV replication and factors correlated with its detection in 81 anti-HBc-positive/HBsAg-negative HIV-infected patients. Patients were treated for >12 months with HBV-active modern combined antiretroviral-therapy (cART) and had serum HBV-DNA < 20 IU/mL by commercial Real-Time PCR. Serum HBV-DNA was quantified by droplet digital PCR, serum HBV-RNA by an Abbott research assay, and anti-HBc titer (proposed to infer intrahepatic cccDNA) by Lumipulse/Fujirebio. Cryptic serum HBV-DNA was detected in 29.6% of patients (median (IQR): 4(1–15) IU/mL) and serum HBV-RNA in 3.7% of patients despite HBsAg-negativity and HBV-active cART. Notably, cryptic serum HBV-DNA correlated with an advanced CDC-stage (p = 0.01) and a lower anti-HBs titer (p = 0.05), while serum HBV-RNA correlated with lower nadir CD4+ cell-count (p = 0.01). By analyzing serological HBV-markers, the combination of anti-HBs < 50 mIU/mL (indicating lower immune response) plus anti-HBc > 15COI (reflecting higher HBV replicative activity) was predictive of cryptic serum HBV-DNA (OR: 4.7(1.1–21.7), p = 0.046, PPV = 62.5%, and NPV = 72%). In conclusion, cryptic HBV-replication (not detected by classical assays) characterizes a conspicuous set of anti-HBc-positive HIV-infected patients despite HBsAg-negativity and HBV-active combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). The integration of classical and novel markers may help identify patients with cryptic HBV-replication, thus optimizing the monitoring of anti-HBc-positive/HBsAg-negative HIV-infected patients.

scholarly journals Combination antiretroviral therapy and chronic HIV infection affect serum retinoid concentrations: longitudinal and cross-sectional assessments

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maude Loignon ◽  
Hélène Brodeur ◽  
Sonia Deschênes ◽  
Denis Phaneuf ◽  
Pangala V Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection
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