MUKHA KRIYAKALPA - PROCEDURES FOR PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ORAL CAVITY DISORDERS

Mukha (oral cavity) is considered as a gateway for the alimentary canal, health of the oral cavity reflects the body health as healthy oral cavity aids in proper digestion of the food consumed. The oral cavity also takes part in bodi- ly functions like respiration and speech. It also contributes to the beauty and confidence of an individual. Mukha is comprised of Osta (lips), Dantamula (Gums), Danta (Tooth), Jinhva (Tongue), Taalu (Palate), Gala (Throat). Since the Oral cavity is constantly exposed to the external environment, there are more chances of trauma and infections. Hence to avoid the chances of oral cavity diseases it is very important to maintain good oral hygiene. Kriyakalpa is the therapeutic procedure applied locally and are considered under bahirparimarjana chikitsa. Ka- vala, Gandusha and Pratisarana are kriyakalpas explained for good oral hygiene. These can be used as a daily regimen to maintain good oral hygiene and in mukharoga as therapeutic procedures. These mukha kriyakalpa- due to their cleaning action and by increasing defence mechanism, promotes oral health and prevents many oral disorders. Various formulations for mukha kriyakalpa are available for a healthy person based on prakriti and for treatment based on vitiated dosha avastha. Keywords: Mukha kriyaklpa, Oral hygiene, kavala, Gandusha, Pratisarana.

FOCUS ON HEALTH BENEFITS OF TAMBUL SEVAN VIDHI AS DINCHARYA UPAKRAMA - A LITERATURE REVIEW

In Ayurveda classics, there is a detailed explanation of what a person should practice from getting up early in the morning to sleeping at night under dincharya upakrama. Tambul Sevan (chewing betel leaf) is described as one of the dincharya upakram i.e., daily regimen. Tambul Sevan means chewing betel leaf mixed with betel nut and other aromatic herbs. Tambul Sevan is an important social component. In Indian tradition, Tambul or paan has been consumed from vedic era that is 5000 years ago. But nowadays the traditional betel leaf and betel nuts are replaced by tobacco and other masala paan. Therefore, the whole concept of Tambul Sevan and its usefulness has been changed. Now there is a need to understand what Tambul Sevan Vidhi is. Ayurveda says Tambul Sevan maintains good oral hygiene and good taste of mouth, it also prevents bad odour and other oral cavity diseases. Tambul Sevan maintains agni (digestive fire) at its samya avastha (normal condition), so it is said to be consumed at end of the meal i.e., bhojananate tambul sevan. Here, this review article highlights the traditional way of Tambul Sevan Vidhi and its health benefits briefly. Keywords: Tambul, Tambul Sevan Vidhi, betel leaf, dincharya, health benefits.

A A REVIEW: MANAGEMENT OF RASA PRADOSHAJA VIKARA WITH TRICHOSANTHES DIOICA (PATOL).

In Ayurvedic Samhitas daily regimen are mentioned such as Dinacharya, Ritucharya, Ahara, and Vihara. Now days due to stressful lifestyle intake of junk food, sedentary life, excessive workload reduces individual happiness and predispose to many diseases. While describing Rasa Rakta dushti hetu, Acharyas have mentioned hetus like guru, snigdha, vidahi, ushna ahar sevana. Due to this there is favourable condition for development of Rasa pradoshaj vikara such as Jwara, Pandutva, Shrotorodha etc. Day by day such Rasa pradoshaj vikara get increased due to consumption of above hetus. All these hetus develop toxins inside the body known as Ama. This Ama enters in the Rasa dhatu and produces various diseases. While treating Rasa pradoshaj vikara langhana and raktapittahari kriya should be done respectively. Tikta rasa is predominantly used for Ama pachan and Kapha Pitta shaman. Since ancient times the fruits and leaves of Patola are widely consumed as a vegetable and different parts of this plant are used in traditional medicine to treat Rasa Rakta pradoshaj vikara. Patola has tikta rasa and with the help of this it acts on Kapha Pitta dosha and Rasa Rakta datu. According to Acharya Charaka and Vagbhata Patola is mentioned in Rasapachaka kashaya in Ayurvedic text. It has antipyretic, laxative, cardiotonic, antiulcer, antihelmentic property. Patola has tikta rasa and with the help of this it acts on Kapha Pitta dosha and Rasa Rakta datu. This paper elaborates the utility of Patola in management of Rasa pradoshaja vikara.

Comparative Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Investigational Once-Daily Sustained-Release (SR) Vildagliptin 100 mg Tablet Formulation with Conventional 50 mg Twice-Daily Regimen in Healthy Indian Males

Background- Among the gliptins, vildagliptin is the only therapy requiring twice-daily dosing and thus adversely impacts patient adherence. To reduce dosing frequency, we developed a once-daily sustained-release (SR) vildagliptin 100 mg tablet formulation with potential to furnish comparable dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition coverage to the conventional twice-daily regimen. Objective- The current study compares the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of investigational once-daily SR vildagliptin 100 mg tablet formulation with the twice-daily dosage of marketed product, Galvus® in healthy Indian adult males after single and multiple-dose administration. Methods- Single and multiple-dose PK-PD assessment was conducted in separate clinical studies enrolling thirty-six healthy subjects under fed-condition. Each study was a randomized, open-label, two treatment, two-period, crossover design. Drug plasma concentrations were quantified by validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. DPP-4 inhibition was estimated in the fluorescence-based assay. PK parameters were calculated from the plasma concentration-time curve employing Phoenix® WinNonlin® software. Formulation safety was evaluated by monitoring adverse events. Results- SR vildagliptin 100 mg tablet resulted in peak-less, nearly steady drug concentration-time profile. Thus, its mean PK characteristics after single [Cmax (147.7), AUC(0-24) (1645.04), Tmax (5.29 hr), t1/2 (4.61 hr)] and multiple-dose [Cmaxss (163.59), AUCss (0-24) (1815.36), and Tmaxss (4.65 hrs), t1/2ss (3.71 hr)] administrations were significantly distinct from the Galvus® twice-daily regimen. SR vildagliptin 100 mg tablet demonstrated more than 80% DPP-4 inhibition profile for approximately 23 hrs in both the studies which was comparable to Galvus® twice-daily regimen. Conclusions- Investigational SR vildagliptin 100 mg tablet formulation was found to be safe and well-tolerated. Its ability to provide nearly 80% DPP-4 inhibition coverage over 23 hrs post-dose may reduce the additional pill burden in patients on conventional twice-daily regimen.

AYURVEDIC APPROACH TO PREVENTION OF STROKE & HEART DISEASES FROM DIABETES MELLITUS

Madhumeha (Diabetes) is attracting the world as a non-infectious pandemic/epidemic. The prevalence of Diabetes is on the rise, more alarmingly in the developing country. Ranked 7th among leading causes of death. This multiplying incidence of CVS & heart diseases. Now days Ayurveda is of wise important to get swasthya, to prevent heart diseases & stroke from DM. The objectives of study are to evolve standard Ayurvedic drug & preventive measures for Madhumeha. This study is based on review of Ayurvedic Samhitas & previous research work. DM is the 6th leading cause of death in the world. Therefore, attempt should be made to balance the Dehamanas prakruti & normal state of physiological energy to prevent Diabetes Mellitus. Dinacharya (Daily regimen), Ashtavidha aahara vidhi Aayatana & herbo mineral drugs with Yogasana help to prevent diabetes & its related complication. Keyword: Madhumeha, stroke, Heart diseases.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SHIMBHIDHANYAVARGA IN DIFFERENT RITUS & DISEASES

Ayurveda the science of health always aimed to maintain health status of society. The good conduction of daily regimen not only maintains healthy lifestyle but also help to avoid medication for the treatment of diseases. To make the body healthy and strong, there are three sub pillars mentioned in Ayurveda. Ahara (food) is the basic need for an individual and an important tool in Ayurveda. Ahara acts as Aushadha (medicine). Shimbhi Dhanya Varga (Pulses) in daily diet plays an important role in maintaining muscle and bone strength. Health promotion can be done by pearl knowledge of Ayurveda, the science for the achievement of long, happy and healthy life. One among them is the varieties of pulses such as Mudga (green gram), Masha (Black gram), Adhaki (Red gram) and Makushtha (lentil), Rajashimbi (Soyabean), Satina (peas), etc. These three things help in balancing your Dosha. Diet means your food, and it is one of the most important things for our survival. The 12 groups men- tioned by Charaka Samhita. Shimbhi Varga (pulses) is one of them. They are also called Vaidala (dicotyledons). Bhavamishra has also explained 23 vargas one of which is Dhanya varga. Dhanya varga is divided into five sub types which are as follows: 1. Shali Dhanya, 2. Vrihi Dhanya, 3. Shuka Dhanya, 4. Shimbi Dhanya, 5. Shudra Dhanya. Shimbhidhanya Varga (pulses) is rich in protein, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. The pulses are main source of protein except non vegetarians. Also, for the promotion of health seasonal regimen is given prime importance in our Ayurvedic texts. Ahara when used in an appropriate way can be used as a medicine in various diseases. The main objective of this article is to understand the use of Shimbhidhanya Varga in different Ritus andvarious diseases. An attempt has been made to explain eases based on Ayurvedic and modern pharmacology. Keywords: Shimbhidhanya, Ritus, Diseases

Adverse drug reactions among new sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients on daily treatment regimen: a prospective study from Haryana, India

Background: Daily regimen anti-tuberculosis treatment was adopted by Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) as a step to achieve tuberculosis elimination by 2025 in India. The change was implemented prior to completion of pilot study, which necessitated this study to note the self-reported Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs).Methods: A prospective study with concurrent sampling design was carried on from June 2018 to June 2020 in the state of Haryana, India. Pre-tested semi-structured schedule was used to collect data based on RNTCP outcome definitions through two monthly (four visits) home visits. Mean±standard deviation, percentage, proportion and chi-square test was used. The p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Amongst 122 study participants 74 (60.7%) were males and 48 (39.3%) were females with mean age of 39.4±18.9 years. Majority were urban residents 87 (71.3%) and 35 (28.7%) rural residents. There were 25 (20.5%) tobacco smokers, nine (7.4%) alcohol consumers, and three (2.5%) smokeless tobacco users. Forty-five participants had ADRs and 54 ADR events had occurred, but none required change in treatment regimen. Sixteen (13.1%) reported loss of appetite followed by 10 (8.2%), flu-like symptoms, eight (6.6%) nausea, seven (5.7%) pain in joints, three (2.5%) abdomen pain, three (2.5%) headache, two (1.6%) itching and rash, one (0.8%) burning in hands and feet and one (0.8%) giddiness. Daily regimen ADR cases (36.9%) and events (44.3%) when comparatively higher than intermittent regimen (25.6%).Conclusions: The ADRs cases and events had occurred in higher proportion but were mild and hence did not require any regimen change.