The Site of the Inhibitory Action of Ethyl Carbamate and Sodium Azide on the Oxygen Uptake of Embryonic Cells

1951 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Joseph Hall Bodine ◽  
Kiao-Hung Lu
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Ethyl Carbamate ◽  
Embryonic Cells

The Action of Ethyl Carbamate (Urethane) on the Respiration of Active and Blocked Embryonic Cells

1948 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Hall Bodine ◽  
Laurence Rockwell Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Carbamate ◽  
Embryonic Cells

Article

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 1805-1816
Author(s):  
L Ross C Barclay ◽  
Jennifer K Grandy ◽  
Heather D MacKinnon ◽  
Heather C Nichol ◽  
Melinda R Vinqvist
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Geometrical Isomers ◽  
Photo Oxidation ◽  
Tert Butyl

3,5-Di-tert-butyl-ortho-quinone, 6, and 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1-propanone, 7, models for oxidized lignin and for lignin, were used as sensitizers of photo-oxidation. Product studies by HPLC from oxidation of methyl linoleate in solution sensitized by 6 or 7, and in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sensitized by 6, showed a product distribution of six hydroperoxides, the four conjugated 9- and 13-hydroperoxides of the geometrical isomers: trans-10, cis-12 (2), cis-9, trans-11 (3), trans-10, trans-12 (4), and trans-9, trans-11 (5)-octadecadienoates plus two nonconjugated hydroperoxides. The higher cis/trans to trans/trans (ct/tt) of geometrical isomers (2 + 3//4 + 5) compared to ct/tt from known thermal free-radical peroxidations (Type 1) indicate that singlet oxygen (Type 2) oxidation occurs in reactions sensitized by 6 or 7. Kinetic studies by oxygen uptake are reported on oxidations of hydrocarbons 1-phenyl-2-methylpropene,8, and trans-stilbene,9, sensitized by the quinone, 6, or by a dye, Rose Bengal. Quenching studies imply singlet oxygen reactions. Milled wood lignin undergoes self-initiated photo-oxidation in water, and oxygen uptake was quenched by sodium azide. Cellobiose, a cellulose model, undergoes sensitized photo-oxidation using model quinone, 6, in a mixture of tert-butyl alcohol and water or using the sensitizers benzophenone or the lignin model, 7, delivered on a solid support, silica gel, and these oxidations were quenched with sodium azide. These results implicate singlet oxygen in the photo-yellowing of high lignin content wood pulps.Key words: lignin models, ortho-quinone, photo-oxidation, singlet oxygen, lignin, cellobiose.

scholarly journals Enumeration ofStreptococcus faecalis, with particular reference to polluted waters

1953 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Allen ◽  
Margaret A. F. Pierce ◽  
Hazel M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Polluted Waters

Factors affecting the growth ofStreptococcus faecalison glucose-yeast extract-sodium azide agar have been studied. Both the high temperature of incubation used (45° C.) and the presence of azide reduced the proportion of cells able to form colonies, the inhibitory action being much more marked with cultures which had become attenuated, either through age or through prolonged immersion in water, than with comparatively young and vigorous cultures. This inhibitory action was found to be largely overcome if the inoculum was subjected to a preliminary period of ‘resuscitation’, by incubating it with double-strength glucose broth before adding the azide-agar portion of the medium and allowing the mixture to set.Neutral red was so inhibitory to some strains ofStr. faecalisthat it could not be included in the medium. Phosphate, as the potassium salt at a concentration of 0.7%, if autoclaved with the remaining constituents of the medium, exerted a depressing effect on the counts. Added separately it showed no inhibitory action.The spinning-bottle technique (Allenet al.1952) was adapted forStr. faecalis. When used for samples containing a mixed flora the method, described in the Appendix, permitted the growth only ofStr. faecalis.This paper is published by permission of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.

Function and structure of parietal cells after H+-K+-ATPase blockade

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (3) ◽  
pp. G399-G407 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fryklund ◽  
H. F. Helander ◽  
B. Elander ◽  
B. Wallmark
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Gastric Content ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Gastric Gland ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Isolated Gastric Glands

Omeprazole was administered to rabbits as a single dose or daily for 1 wk. H+-K+-ATPase and isolated gastric glands were prepared from the oxyntic corpus mucosa and used for functional and quantitative morphological studies. Both 10 and 100 mumol omeprazole/kg increased the pH of the gastric content when measured at death. The stimulated oxygen uptake and the rate of aminopyrine (AP) uptake were both inhibited in the isolated gastric gland preparations. Morphometric studies of biopsy specimens taken from the corpus mucosa and isolated gastric glands showed that omeprazole treatment increased the volume density of the acid compartments. This expansion provides an increased accumulation space for AP. Therefore, an increased AP uptake might be seen in glands isolated from omeprazole-treated animals. Blockade of the H2-receptor by ranitidine transformed the morphology of the cell into a more resting type and, furthermore, reduced the omeprazole-induced increase in the volume density of the acid compartments in the parietal cell. The H+-K+-ATPase activity measured in membrane fractions from the omeprazole-treated animals was decreased dose dependently and inhibited by 95% after 100 mumol omeprazole/kg. However, the concentration of the enzyme in these fractions did not change. These results indicate a specific inhibitory action of omeprazole on the H+-K+-ATPase.

ROLE OF THIOBACILLUS FERROOXIDANS IN THE OXIDATION OF SULFIDE MINERALS

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Duncan ◽  
J. Landesman ◽  
C. C. Walden
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Iron Oxidation ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Total Oxygen ◽  
Washed Cell

Selective inhibitors of iron and sulfide oxidation, sodium azide and N-ethylmaleimide respectively, were used to demonstrate that washed cell suspensions of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans attacked both insoluble ferrous iron and sulfide during the oxidation of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and pyrite (FeS2). The oxidation of the two substrates occurred simultaneously and independently but the relative rates depended on how the cells were grown. When chalcopyrite-grown cells were used to oxidize chalcopyrite, 68–74% of the oxygen uptake was the result of sulfide oxidation and 25–30% the result of iron oxidation. With pyrite, all the oxygen uptake was due to sulfide oxidation. When iron-grown cells were used to oxidize chalcopyrite, two rates resulted. During the initial rapid rate, 80–90% of the oxygen uptake was due to iron oxidation, but, during the second slower rate, the result duplicated those found with chalcopyrite-grown cells. Iron-grown cells oxidized pyrite at a constant and more rapid rate than chalcopyrite-grown cells. The faster rate was due to iron oxidation; since only 20–30% of the total oxygen uptake was due to sulfide oxidation.

Structure and Endogenous Oxygen Uptake of Embryonic Cells

1951 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Hall Bodine ◽  
Kiao-Hung Lu
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Embryonic Cells

scholarly journals Non-deleterious inhibition of endogenous peroxidase activity (EPA) by cyclopropanone hydrate: a definitive approach.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
K W Schmid ◽  
A Hittmair ◽  
H Schmidhammer ◽  
B Jasani
Keyword(s):  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Staining ◽  
Human Tonsil ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Endogenous Peroxidase

Endogenous peroxidase activity (EPA) poses a serious problem in immunoperoxidase localization of antigens unable to withstand deleterious effects of aldehyde fixatives, alcohols, and various oxidative reagents. This has forced the development of more selective inhibition methods. Of these, phenylhydrazine or azide combined with small amounts of H2O2 have proved quite effective. However, the precise mechanism of the action of these compounds on EPA generating proteins is not understood. Cyclopropanone hydrate is a compound whose inhibitory action on the heme moiety of horseradish peroxidase is well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this compound on EPA and to compare its efficiency with that of optimal phenylhydrazine and sodium azide regimens. In addition, any gross deleteriousness of cyclopropanone hydrate towards immunoperoxidase immunolocalization of three of the most delicate lymphocyte surface antigens was investigated. Cyclopropanone hydrate was found to inhibit EPA with progressing strength between 0.15-15 mM. Over this range, H2O2 was found necessary for inhibition only for cyclopropanone hydrate concentrations up to 0.15 mM. Beyond this amount, the compound inhibited EPA equally strongly in the presence or absence of H2O2, reaching near-maximum inhibition at 15 mM. This and the H2O2-requiring regimens were found to cause no gross diminution in immunoperoxidase staining of CD4, CD6, and CD8 antigens in snap-frozen, acetone-fixed human tonsil sections. Cyclopropanone hydrate therefore provides a definitive non-deleterious mode of inhibiting EPA for immunoperoxidase staining of delicate antigens.

700. Factors influencing the activity of cheese starters. The role of milk peroxidase

1958 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Wright ◽  
J. Tramer
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Oxidation Product ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Reducing Substances

1. Certain starter cultures have been found to be inhibited in the presence of milk peroxidase.2. A high correlation has been established between the inactivation of milk peroxidase and of the inhibitory action by use of critical values of any of the following: temperature, pH, concentration of either sodium azide or hydrogen peroxide.3. The inhibitory action can be overcome by the addition of certain reducing substances such as cysteine and sodium hydrosulphite.4. The inhibitory action is exhibited by the corresponding separated milk and whey.5. It is suggested that this inhibition may be due to the formation of a specific inhibitory oxidation product having a quinonoid structure.6. The addition of 1–2% of pasteurized milk or whey to autoclaved milk caused total inhibition, whereas such additions to milk heated to 190° F. showed no such effect. This is attributed to the presence of SH groups in the latter milk capable of reducing the oxidation product.7. It is suggested that the inhibition due to peroxidase is identical with that ascribed to lactenin 2, and that the inhibition described in our previous paper as due to ‘agglutinin’ is identical with that ascribed to lactenin 1.

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