The Effects of Methylene Blue and Urethane (Ethyl Carbamate) upon the Oxygen Uptake of Embryonic Cells

1949 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Hall Bodine ◽  
Laurence Rockwell Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Ethyl Carbamate ◽  
Embryonic Cells

The Action of Ethyl Carbamate (Urethane) on the Respiration of Active and Blocked Embryonic Cells

1948 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Hall Bodine ◽  
Laurence Rockwell Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Carbamate ◽  
Embryonic Cells

Metabolic activities of sheep erythrocytes. I. Glycolytic activities

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Leng ◽  
EF Annison
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Pentose Phosphate Pathway ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Sheep Erythrocytes ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Sheep erythrocytes, which in most animals are impermeable to glucose, show low glycolytic activities relative to human cells. When 14C-labelled glucose was incubated with erythrocyte suspensions the oxygen uptake was 10.9 ± 1.8 µl/hr/ml of cells (5 replications), and glucose oxidation (measured by recovery of [14C]carbon dioxide) was 0.03 ± 0.007 µmole/hr/ml (5). Addition of methylene blue (0.4 µmole/ ml) increased oxygen uptake to 56 ± 3.5 µl/hr/ml (5) and glucose oxidation to 0.36 ± 0.02 µmole/hr/ml. Lactic acid production was increased from 1 .5 ± 0.06 µmole/hr/ml (7) to 1.7 ± 0.11 µmole/hr/ml (7) in the presence of methylene blue. Comparison of the yields of [14C]carbon dioxide from [1-14C]glucose and uniformly labelled [14C]glucose indicated that when stimulated by methylene blue 80–100% of glycolysis proceeded by the pentose phosphate pathway, but in the unstimulated system the alternative aerobic pathway accounted for only about 15% of total glycolysis.

Structure and Endogenous Oxygen Uptake of Embryonic Cells

1951 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Hall Bodine ◽  
Kiao-Hung Lu
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Embryonic Cells

scholarly journals Studies in the Respiration of Paramecium Caudatum

1948 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
BEVERLEY A. HUMPHREY ◽  
GEORGE F. HUMPHREY
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Endogenous Respiration ◽  
Paramecium Caudatum ◽  
Directed Migration ◽  
A Value ◽  
Alkaline Side

1. A method is described for reducing the numbers of bacteria in a suspension of Paramecium caudatum by an electrically directed migration through a sterile column of liquid. The resulting suspension was suitable for metabolic experiments. 2. Details are given of a Cartesian diver respirometer of ‘macro’ dimensions; this apparatus has a precision of about 10%. 3. The effect of pH on the endogenous respiration of a homogenate of P. caudatum showed an optimum in the region 7.0-7.3, with a wide tolerance on the acid side of the optimum but low tolerance on the alkaline side. 4. The endogenous oxygen consumption had a value of 1.9µl. per 104 animals per hr. and was inhibited 60% by 0.01 M-cyanide and 40% by 0.01 M-azide. Methylene blue did not increase the endogenous oxygen uptake. 5. Succinic acid doubled the oxygen consumption, this increase being inhibited by malonate. Methylene blue increased oxygen consumption in the presence, of succinate still further, and also abolished the inhibition of this extra respiration by cyanide and azide. 6. It is concluded that P. caudatum resembles other animal tissue in possessing an active succinic dehydrogenase.

scholarly journals The metabolism of 2-furoic acid by Pseudomonas F2

1969 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
P W Trudgill
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Furoic Acid ◽  
Substrate Analogues ◽  
Anaerobic Reduction ◽  
Dowex 1

1. Pseudomonas F2 isolated by enrichment culture on 2-furoic acid and grown with it as carbon source oxidized the compound with a Qo2 of 170μl./mg. dry wt./hr. and the overall consumption of 2·5μmoles of oxygen/μmole of substrate. 2. In the presence of 1mm-sodium arsenite, oxygen uptake was restricted to 0·54μmole/μmole of 2-furoate oxidized, with the formation of 0·86μmole of 2-oxoglutarate/μmole of 2-furoate. 3. Cell suspensions, disrupted in a French pressure cell and centrifuged at 27000g, yielded supernatants capable of catalysing the slow oxidation of 2-furoate (0·17μmole/mg. of protein/hr.). 4. Fractionation of 27000g supernatants at 200000g yielded a soluble enzyme fraction capable of catalysing the oxidation of 2-furoate only in the presence of added 200000g pellet or of Methylene Blue. 5. The 2-furoate-stimulated uptake of oxygen or the anaerobic reduction of Methylene Blue by dialysed 27000g supernatant required the addition of ATP and CoA, and the rate of oxygen uptake was further enhanced by the addition of magnesium chloride and NAD+. 6. The role of ATP and CoA in the formation of 2-furoyl-CoA was demonstrated by the accumulation of 2-furoylhydroxamic acid in the presence of hydroxylamine. 7. Dialysed 200000g supernatant, treated with Dowex 1, required the addition of ATP, CoA and Methylene Blue before it could oxidize 2-furoate to 2-oxoglutarate, which was trapped in unitary stoicheiometric yield as its phenylhydrazone. Magnesium chloride and NAD+ were not stimulatory in this system. The oxidation of 2-furoate to 2-oxoglutarate was not inhibited by substrate analogues, metal ion-chelating agents, thiol-active compounds or inhibitors of cytochrome-mediated electron transport. 8. No evidence was obtained for the intervention of 2,5-dioxovalerate as an intermediate in 2-oxoglutarate formation.

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