EFFECTIVE CORPORATION INCOME TAX RATES

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how Chinese firms’ ownership structure is related to their effective tax rate. The People’s Republic of China provides an interesting environment to examine the corporate income tax. Government has significant ownership stakes in the for-profit economy and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are liable to the corporate income tax. This is very different to most other economies where SOE tends to dominate the not-for-profit economy and pays no corporate income tax. Government ownership also varies between the central government and local government in addition to state asset management bureaus. This provides a rich institutional background to examining the corporate income tax. Design/methodology/approach A panel data analysis approach is used to examine relationship between ownership structure and effective tax rates of all public firms in China from 1999 to 2009. Findings The authors report that effective tax rates do appear to vary across the ownership types, but that SOEs pay a statistically higher effective tax rate than to non-state-owned. In addition, local government owned SOE pay higher effective tax rates than central government and SAMB owned SOE. The authors also investigate Zimmerman’s (1983) political cost hypothesis. Unfortunately, these results are econometrically fragile with the statistical significance of those results varying by empirical technique. Originality/value This paper provides insight into government ownership and taxation in China.

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Personal Income Tax: Top statutory and marginal tax rates for employees (Edition 2020)

OECD Tax Statistics ◽

10.1787/cfc6279d-en ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Income Tax ◽

Personal Income ◽

Tax Rates ◽

Personal Income Tax ◽

Marginal Tax Rates

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ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN PASAL 21 PEGAWAI TETAP DAN PENETAPAN AKUNTNASI PADA PT. BANK SULUTGO (PERSERO) TBK. CABANG UTAMA

GOING CONCERN : JURNAL RISET AKUNTANSI ◽

10.32400/gc.12.2.17889.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Seruni J. Prang ◽

Sifrid S. Pangemanan ◽

Harijanto Sabijono

Keyword(s):

Income Tax ◽

Director General ◽

Tax Rates ◽

The Law ◽

Permanent Employees ◽

Tax Reporting ◽

Descriptive Method

Income tax article 21 is a tax on income which becomes the obligation of taxpayer to pay for it. Income in the form of salary, honorarium, allowances and other payments with any name in connection with the work, services or activities undertaken by the taxpayer of a domestic individual. The law used to regulate the amount of tax rates, the procedure of payment and tax reporting is the law No. 36 of 2008. The purpose of this study is to find out how to analyze the calculation of income tax article 21 fixed employment and accounting application of PT. Bank SulutGo (Persero) Tbk. Cabang Utama. The method of analysis used in this research is descriptive method that is discussing the problem by collecting, deciphering, calculating, comparing and explaining a situasion so that it can be drawn conclusion covering the calculation of pph article 21 and accounting for permanent employees at PT. Bank SulutGo (Persero). Based on the results of the study found that the calculation of income tax article 21 at PT. Bank SulutGo (Persero), is in compliances with the new taxation legislation, namely law no. 36 of 2008 on income tax and the regulation of the director general of tax number PER-16/PJ/2016.Keywords: accounting, income tax article 21

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Optimal Income Tax Rates for the Korean Economy

KDI Journal of Economic Policy ◽

10.23895/kdijep.2015.37.3.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 1-30

Author(s):

장용성 ◽

장보현 ◽

김선빈

Keyword(s):

Income Tax ◽

Tax Rates ◽

Korean Economy

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PROBABILITY MODEL OF POVERTY CALCULATION SUBJECT TO DIFFERENT FORMS OF INCOME TAXATION

VESTNIK OF ASTRAKHAN STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SERIES MANAGEMENT COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATICS ◽

10.24143/2072-9502-2020-4-101-111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (4) ◽

pp. 101-111

Author(s):

Andrej Vyacheslavovich Mikheev

Keyword(s):

Income Tax ◽

Probability Model ◽

Single Stage ◽

Income Taxation ◽

Tax Rates ◽

Total Income ◽

Tax Rate ◽

Low Incomes ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Tax Systems

The article highlights a probabilistic model constructed for calculating the number of poor and the total income tax levied on all taxpayers under different income tax systems. There is considered the proportional income tax system adopted in the Russian Federation, as well as single-stage systems with both fixed and variable tax rates, in which individuals with low incomes are exempted from income tax. For these tax systems there have been found the dependences of the expected value of the number of the poor and the total income tax on the tax rate, tax-free minimum, and also on the laws of probabilities distribution of total income and the living wage of an individual. A numerical simulation of the found dependences was carried out. The conditions under which the abolition of income tax for individuals with low incomes reduces the number of poor were determined. Mathematical criteria are formulated with the help of which it is possible to assess the feasibility of moving from a proportional system to single-stage income tax systems.

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Opodatkowanie gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce podatkiem dochodowym od osób fizycznych

The Central European Review of Economics and Management ◽

10.29015/cerem.325 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Mikołaj Mielczarek

Keyword(s):

Income Tax ◽

Municipal Government ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

The State ◽

Farm Income ◽

Tax Rates ◽

The European Union ◽

State Budget ◽

Literature Research ◽

Scientific Value

Aim: The paper deals with the subject of the shift in Poland's form of agricultural taxation from agricultural tax to personal income tax. The author decided to explore this topic since the taxation of agriculture is an important issue from the standpoint of economic practice. In addition, a similar solution exists virtually in all the European Union countries. The research objective of this paper is an attempt to assess the fiscal consequences for the state arising from the change of the agricultural taxation form.Design/Research methods: The paper employs literature research and examines legal acts, as well as conducts empirical simulation. The literature research and that concerned with legislation were aimed at presenting the forms of agricultural taxation in the EU countries and the approaches to taxing agricultural incomes. The empirical simulation of fiscal effects of agricultural taxation in Poland has been carried out in three scenarios: general (using different sample rates), comparing with agricultural tax, and revenues distribution across the state budget and territorial self-government units.Conclusion/findings: The empirical studies conducted for the years 2010-2014 have shown that replacing agricultural tax with income tax would be a good solution for farmers, provided that low tax rates were to be applied. At higher rates, this solution would be unfavorable. At the same time, the replacement of agricultural tax with income tax would benefit the state and regional governments and counties, as their budgets would gain additional tax revenues. On the other hand, the municipal government would benefit with the application of tax rates higher than 10%.Originality/value of the paper: In the context of the existing research, the scientific value of the paper consists in the comparison of the amount of agricultural tax receipts with those from the farm income taxation.

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