Matthew D. Eddy. The Language of Mineralogy: John Walker, Chemistry, and the Edinburgh Medical School, 1750–1800. (Science, Technology, and Culture, 1700–1945.) xii + 309 pp., illus., apps., bibl., index. Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate, 2008. £60 (cloth).

Las sociedades científicas tienen como uno de sus más nobles objetivos la promoción de la ciencia en los diferentes campos del conocimiento. La primera sociedad científica fue la Royal Society of London, fundada en 1660 en el Reino Unido, también conocida como la Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge. La sociedad fue creada como “un colegio para la promoción del aprendizaje físico-matemático experimental” que publicó, en el año de 1666, la primera revista científica, Philosophycal Transactions (1, 2) y fue la publicación científica más importante hasta el siglo XIX, cuando aparecieron las revistas científicas especializadas. En Philosophycal Transactions se publicaron inicialmente noticias, cartas y descripciones de informes experimentales sin un formato o estilo estandarizado (3). La primera entidad en publicar una revista médica fue el Edinburgh Medical School, que divulgó el Medical Essays and Observations en 1731, que se transformó dos años más tarde en el Edinburgh Medical Journal y contó con revisión por pares desde el año de 1733 (4). La primera revista médica en Estados Unidos fue la Medical Repository, que apareció en 1797 (5). En el Reino Unido aparecen The Lancet en 1823, para publicar el trabajo desarrollado en las escuelas médicas de Londres y el reporte de casos, y el British Medical Journal en 1853, como resultado de la creación de la British Medical Association (4). En el año 1887, Philosophycal Transactions se dividió en dos nuevas revistas: una dedicada a la publicación de temas de matemáticas y física, y la segunda a temas de biología. A partir de 1989 realizó una importante innovación: la revisión anónima de los contenidos por pares. Los hechos enunciados recuerdan que las revistas científicas médicas se han originado en las sociedades científicas y en las escuelas de medicina con el objetivo de presentar tanto la metodología como los resultados de las investigaciones realizadas, con la característica desde sus inicios de realizar un proceso anónimo y riguroso de revisión por pares.

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Thomas Graham Brown, 1882-1965

Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society ◽

10.1098/rsbm.1966.0002 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 22-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Medical Student ◽

Medical School ◽

Royal College ◽

Royal Navy ◽

The Family ◽

Reflex Movement ◽

The University ◽

Edinburgh Medical

Thomas Graham Brown was a neurophysiologist well known in the twenties for the detailed studies of reflex movement and posture which he made by Sherrington’s methods, and perhaps better known in the thirties as the redoubtable climber who had found several new routes to the summit of Mont Blanc. He was born in 1882 in Edinburgh. His father, Dr J. J. Graham Brown, was to be President of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 1912 and was related to several of the eminent doctors who had maintained the reputation of the Edinburgh Medical School throughout the nineteenth century. It was natural therefore that the son should be trained to medicine and should go to his father’s school, the Edinburgh Academy, and afterwards to the University as a medical student. There were four children in the family, Thomas, the eldest, a brother who became a Captain in the Royal Navy, one who became an architect and one sister. The two elder boys used sometimes to sail with their father in the yacht which he shared with a friend, and in Thomas the interest revived when he was too old for climbing but could still make long cruises in a small motor boat. When he was a schoolboy he was fond of swimming and diving, skating and golf, but there was a period when his eyesight was troublesome and he was sent to an oculist friend of his father in Wiesbaden to be treated and to learn German.

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Part III Rights to Culture, Ch.11 Intellectual Property and Technologies: Article 31

10.1093/law/9780199673223.003.0012 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Stoll Tobias

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Property ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

State Action ◽

Technology And Culture ◽

Science Technology ◽

Cultural Expressions ◽

Traditional Cultural Expressions

This chapter looks at the specific right to intellectual property and technologies in Article 31. Article 31 sets out a number of rights of indigenous peoples relating to their science, technology, and culture, and calls for State action in this regard, which is to be taken with the involvement of those peoples. The provision relates to three different subject matters, between which there obviously exists quite some overlap. It refers, first, to ‘cultural heritage, traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions’. Second, it refers to ‘intellectual property’ over such heritage, knowledge, and expressions, and third, to ‘manifestations of…sciences, technologies and cultures’ — representative examples of which find themselves included in an illustrative list. According to Article 31, with a view to each of these subject matters, indigenous peoples have a right to ‘maintain, control, protect and develop’.

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Frank N. Egerton. Hewett Cottrell Watson: Victorian Plant Ecologist and Evolutionist. Foreword by, David L. Hull. (Science, Technology, and Culture, 1700–1945.) xxviii + 304 pp., illus., bibl., index. Aldershot, England/Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate, 2003. $84.95 (cloth).

Isis ◽

10.1086/426243 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 311-312

Author(s):

Sheila Ann Dean

Keyword(s):

Technology And Culture ◽

Science Technology

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