scholarly journals High Frequency of Clinically Significant Mutations after First‐Line Generic Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Failure: Implications for Second‐Line Options in Resource‐Limited Settings

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kumarasamy ◽  
Vidya Madhavan ◽  
Kartik K. Venkatesh ◽  
S. Saravanan ◽  
Rami Kantor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Therapy Failure ◽  
First Line ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Clinically Significant

scholarly journals Implementing a pharmacovigilance program to evaluate cutaneous adverse drug reactions in an antiretroviral access program

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 806-808
Author(s):  
Tinashe Mudzviti ◽  
Marvelous Sibanda ◽  
Samuel Gavi ◽  
Charles Chiedza Maponga ◽  
Gene D Morse
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Drug Regulatory Authority ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Resource Limited

Introduction: Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) can cause significant morbidity and distress in patients, especially in the HIV-infected population on antiretroviral therapy. Adverse drug reaction monitoring and ascertaining causality in resource-limited settings remain serious challenges. This study was conducted to evaluate causality and measure the incidence of cADRs in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. The study was also designed to test a three-step approach in the monitoring and evaluation of ADRs in resource-limited settings. Methodology: A retrospective review of patient medical records was performed at the Parirenyatwa Family Care Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe. Cases of cADRs were reported to the Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe, the main drug regulating body in Zimbabwe, for assessment and causality classification. Results: We reviewed 221 randomly selected patient records to determine whether any diagnoses of cADRs were made by clinicians. Causality assessment revealed that 13.1% of cADRs were due to an offending agent in the antiretroviral therapy versus an initial incidence of 17.6% which had been determined by the physicians. Conclusions: cADRs had an incidence of 13.1% within the population under study due to non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Most reactions were caused by the NNRTIs which contributed 72.4 % of all cADRs. A panel of experts from the drug regulatory authority can be used as an implementation based mechanism in ascertaining causality objectively in settings where resources are constrained.

Regression of Kaposi's sarcoma lesions following highly active antiretroviral therapy in an HIV-infected patient

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 786-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Kumarasamy ◽  
K K Venkatesh ◽  
B Devaleenol ◽  
S Poongulali ◽  
N Ahilasamy
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Infected Male ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Resource Limited

This case report documents that highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can lead to the regression of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) lesions in the auditory canal of an HIV-infected male from Chennai, India. In resource-limited settings where administering anti-KS chemotherapeutic agents may not be feasible, HAART alone can be an option in HIV-infected individuals with KS.

scholarly journals Determinants of virological failure among adults on first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy at public health facilities in Kombolcha town, Northeast, Ethiopia: a case–control study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e036223
Author(s):  
Habtamu Mengist Meshesha ◽  
Zelalem Mehari Nigussie ◽  
Anemaw Asrat ◽  
Kebadnew Mulatu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
First Line ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Northeast Ethiopia ◽  
Control Study

ObjectiveTo identify determinants of virological failure among HIV-infected adults on first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy at public health facilities in Kombolcha town, Northeast, Ethiopia, in 2019.MethodsAn unmatched case–control study was conducted from April to May 2019. About 130 cases and 259 controls were selected by simple random sampling. Data were extracted from charts of patients using a structured checklist. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify possible factors. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used to check the model. Finally, independent predictor variables of virological failure were identified based on adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI and a p value of 0.05.ResultsThe odds of virological failure were 2.4-fold (AOR=2.44, 95% CI 1.353 to 4.411) higher in clients aged <35 years compared with older clients, fivefold (AOR=5.00, 95% CI 2.60 to 9.63) higher in clients who did not disclose their HIV status, threefold (AOR=2.99, 95% CI 1.33 to 6.73) higher in clients with poor adherence, and 7.5-fold (AOR=7.51, 95% CI 3.98 to 14.14) higher in clients who had recent CD4 count of ≤250 cells/mm3.Conclusion and recommendationThis study revealed that age, marital status, occupation, disclosure status, baseline functional status, missed clinic visit, current antiretroviral therapy regimen, adherence to treatment and recent CD4 count were significantly associated with virological failure. Therefore, adherence support should be strengthened among clients. Missed clinic visits should also be reduced, as it could help clients better adhere to treatment, and therefore boost their immunity and suppress viral replication.

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