scholarly journals Thermal Plasticity of Diving Behavior, Aquatic Respiration, and Locomotor Performance in the Mary River Turtle Elusor macrurus

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie J. Clark ◽  
Matthew A. Gordos ◽  
Craig E. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Diving Behavior ◽  
Locomotor Performance ◽  
Thermal Plasticity ◽  
Aquatic Respiration

scholarly journals For running or burying—The toe fringe of Phrynocephalus mystaceus is important

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zheng ◽  
Tao Liang ◽  
Jing An ◽  
Lei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Morphological Feature ◽  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Stepwise Regression Analysis ◽  
Diving Behavior ◽  
Locomotor Performance ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Sand Burial

AbstractToe fringe is the most typical morphological feature of lizards adapted to sandy environments, and toe fringe is suitable for testing the adaptive convergence suggested by form-environment correlations. Phrynocephalus mystaceus mainly lives in dune habitats, has a developed bilateral toe fringe, and exhibits fast sand-diving behavior for predator avoidance. We tested the effects of resecting the medial and bilateral toe fringes on the locomotor performance and sand-diving performance of P. mystaceus. The results showed that the individuals that had their medial toe fringe removed exhibited significantly faster sprint speeds than the unresected and all resected individuals (P <0.05). The results of stepwise regression analysis show that the relative area of the toe fringe is an important morphological feature that affects locomotor performance. The sand-burial performance scores of the unresected individuals were significantly greater than those of the resected individuals (P <0.05). The results of stepwise regression analysis show that the relative area of toe fringe and the axilla-groin length are the main morphological features that affect the sand-diving performance of P. mystaceus. After the bilateral toe fringe was removed, a significant negative correlation between locomotor and sand-diving performance was observed (P <0.05). Taken together, these results provide experimental evidence that toe fringe is positively associated with the locomotor and sand-diving performance of P. mystaceus.

scholarly journals Can the impacts of cold-water pollution on fish be mitigated by thermal plasticity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Parisi ◽  
R L Cramp ◽  
M A Gordos ◽  
C E Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Thermal Pollution ◽  
Locomotor Performance ◽  
Thermal Plasticity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Increasingly, cold-water pollution (CWP) is being recognised as a significant threat to aquatic communities downstream of large, bottom-release dams. Cold water releases typically occur during summer when storage dams release unseasonably cold and anoxic hypolimnetic waters, which can decrease the temperature of downstream waters by up to 16°C. Depending on the release duration, these hypothermic conditions can persist for many months. The capacity of ectothermic species to tolerate or rapidly adjust to acute temperature changes may determine the nature and magnitude of the impact of CWP on affected species. This study assessed the impacts of an acute reduction in water temperature on the physiological function and locomotor performance of juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) and examined their capacity to thermally compensate for the depressive effects of low temperatures via phenotypic plasticity. Locomotor performance (Ucrit and Usprint) and energetic costs (routine and maximum metabolic rate) were measured at multiple points over a 10-week period following an abrupt 10°C drop in water temperature. We also measured the thermal sensitivity of metabolic enzymes from muscle samples taken from fish following the exposure period. Cold exposure had significant depressive effects on physiological traits, resulting in decreases in performance between 10% and 55%. Although there was partial acclimation of Ucrit (~35% increase in performance) and complete compensation of metabolic rate, this occurred late in the exposure period, meaning silver perch were unable to rapidly compensate for the depressive effects of thermal pollution. The results of this study have substantial implications for the management of cold water releases from large-scale dams and the conservation of native freshwater fish species, as this form of thermal pollution can act as a barrier to fish movement, cause reduced recruitment, ecological community shifts and disruptions to timing and success of reproduction.

Dealing with hot rocky environments: Critical thermal maxima and locomotor performance in Leptodactylus lithonaetes (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

2019 ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Beltran
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Locomotor Performance ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Environmental temperature has fitness consequences on ectotherm development, ecology and behaviour. Amphibians are especially vulnerable because thermoregulation often trades with appropriate water balance. Although substantial research has evaluated the effect of temperature in amphibian locomotion and physiological limits, there is little information about amphibians living under extreme temperature conditions. Leptodactylus lithonaetes is a frog allegedly specialised to forage and breed on dark granitic outcrops and associated puddles, which reach environmental temperatures well above 40 ˚C. Adults can select thermally favourable microhabitats during the day while tadpoles are constrained to rock puddles and associated temperature fluctuations; we thus established microhabitat temperatures and tested whether the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of L. lithonaetes is higher in tadpoles compared to adults. In addition, we evaluated the effect of water temperature on locomotor performance of tadpoles. Contrary to our expectations, puddle temperatures were comparable and even lower than those temperatures measured in the microhabitats used by adults in the daytime. Nonetheless, the CTmax was 42.3 ˚C for tadpoles and 39.7 ˚C for adults. Regarding locomotor performance, maximum speed and maximum distance travelled by tadpoles peaked around 34 ˚C, approximately 1 ˚C below the maximum puddle temperatures registered in the puddles. In conclusion, L. lithonaetes tadpoles have a higher CTmax compared to adults, suggesting a longer exposure to extreme temperatures that lead to maintain their physiological performance at high temperatures. We suggest that these conditions are adaptations to face the strong selection forces driven by this granitic habitat.

scholarly journals Thermal reaction norms of key metabolic enzymes reflect divergent physiological and behavioral adaptations of closely related amphipod species

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Jakob ◽  
Kseniya P. Vereshchagina ◽  
Anette Tillmann ◽  
Lorena Rivarola-Duarte ◽  
Denis V. Axenov-Gribanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Metabolic Enzymes ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Norms ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Amphipod Species ◽  
Thermal Plasticity

AbstractLake Baikal is inhabited by more than 300 endemic amphipod species, which are narrowly adapted to certain thermal niches due to the high interspecific competition. In contrast, the surrounding freshwater fauna is commonly represented by species with large-scale distribution and high phenotypic thermal plasticity. Here, we investigated the thermal plasticity of the energy metabolism in two closely-related endemic amphipod species from Lake Baikal (Eulimnogammarus verrucosus; stenothermal and Eulimnogammarus cyaneus; eurythermal) and the ubiquitous Holarctic amphipod Gammarus lacustris (eurythermal) by exposure to a summer warming scenario (6–23.6 °C; 0.8 °C d−1). In concert with routine metabolic rates, activities of key metabolic enzymes increased strongly with temperature up to 15 °C in E. verrucosus, whereupon they leveled off (except for lactate dehydrogenase). In contrast, exponential increases were seen in E. cyaneus and G. lacustris throughout the thermal trial (Q10-values: 1.6–3.7). Cytochrome-c-oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities were found to be higher in G. lacustris than in E. cyaneus, especially at the highest experimental temperature (23.6 °C). Decreasing gene expression levels revealed some thermal compensation in E. cyaneus but not in G. lacustris. In all species, shifts in enzyme activities favored glycolytic energy generation in the warmth. The congruent temperature-dependencies of enzyme activities and routine metabolism in E. verrucosus indicate a strong feedback-regulation of enzymatic activities by whole organism responses. The species-specific thermal reaction norms reflect the different ecological niches, including the spatial distribution, distinct thermal behavior such as temperature-dependent migration, movement activity, and mating season.

The Development of Early Diving Behavior by Juvenile Flatback Sea Turtles (Natator depressus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Salmon ◽  
Mark Hamann ◽  
Jeanette Wyneken
Keyword(s):  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Diving Behavior ◽  
Natator Depressus
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