scholarly journals Can the impacts of cold-water pollution on fish be mitigated by thermal plasticity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Parisi ◽  
R L Cramp ◽  
M A Gordos ◽  
C E Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Thermal Pollution ◽  
Locomotor Performance ◽  
Thermal Plasticity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Increasingly, cold-water pollution (CWP) is being recognised as a significant threat to aquatic communities downstream of large, bottom-release dams. Cold water releases typically occur during summer when storage dams release unseasonably cold and anoxic hypolimnetic waters, which can decrease the temperature of downstream waters by up to 16°C. Depending on the release duration, these hypothermic conditions can persist for many months. The capacity of ectothermic species to tolerate or rapidly adjust to acute temperature changes may determine the nature and magnitude of the impact of CWP on affected species. This study assessed the impacts of an acute reduction in water temperature on the physiological function and locomotor performance of juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) and examined their capacity to thermally compensate for the depressive effects of low temperatures via phenotypic plasticity. Locomotor performance (Ucrit and Usprint) and energetic costs (routine and maximum metabolic rate) were measured at multiple points over a 10-week period following an abrupt 10°C drop in water temperature. We also measured the thermal sensitivity of metabolic enzymes from muscle samples taken from fish following the exposure period. Cold exposure had significant depressive effects on physiological traits, resulting in decreases in performance between 10% and 55%. Although there was partial acclimation of Ucrit (~35% increase in performance) and complete compensation of metabolic rate, this occurred late in the exposure period, meaning silver perch were unable to rapidly compensate for the depressive effects of thermal pollution. The results of this study have substantial implications for the management of cold water releases from large-scale dams and the conservation of native freshwater fish species, as this form of thermal pollution can act as a barrier to fish movement, cause reduced recruitment, ecological community shifts and disruptions to timing and success of reproduction.

Dataset associated with "Can the impacts of cold-water pollution on fish be mitigated by thermal plasticity?"

UQ eSpace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Parisi ◽  
R. L. Cramp ◽  
M. A. Gordos ◽  
C. E. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Thermal Plasticity

Changes in body temperature and basal metabolic rate of the ama

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Kang ◽  
S. H. Song ◽  
C. S. Suh ◽  
S. K. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Average Skin ◽  
Skin Temperatures ◽  
Average Body

Oral temperatures of Korean diving women (ama) were measured before and after diving work in four seasons of the year. Their basal metabolic rate, measured in four seasons, was compared to that of nondiving women who lived in the same community and ate the same diet as the ama. Average oral temperatures declined to 35 C after 70 min of work in summer (water temp., 27 C) and to 33 C after 15 min of work in the winter (water temp., 10 C). Average body temperature, computed from weighted oral and average skin temperatures, declined to 34.6 C in summer and to 30 C in winter. Duration of work periods was determined principally by water temperature, since oral temperature declined at a rate inversely proportional to water temperature. The lower deep body temperatures which the ama endure in winter do, however, prolong their winter work period. The BMR of nondiving women was the same as the Dubois standard throughout the year. However, the BMR of ama varied with the season, ranging from +5 of the Dubois standard in summer to +35 in winter. We conclude that the elevated BMR of ama during the winter is cold adaptation, induced by repeated immersion in cold water. Submitted on November 23, 1962

scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of release operations and weather conditions on the flow and temperature dynamics in the cascade-reservoir system

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Gang Chen ◽  
Yue Zhai ◽  
Hui Fan ◽  
Xing Fang ◽  
Chuanhai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Bottom Water Temperature ◽  
Reservoir System ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to investigate the flow dynamics and temperature characteristics under different reservoir operation scenarios and weather conditions in the river-reservoir system, which can be used to set scientific guidelines for river management and conservation planning strategies. The calibrated three-dimensional model provided simulated unsteady water surface elevation, temperature, velocity and discharge at different layers (depths) in different locations. A series of operation scenarios were modeled to understand and quantify formation, propagation, and disappearance of density currents that are resulted from combinations of daily repeated large release (DRLR) of different durations and solar heating. DRLRs (140 m3/s) with longer durations pushed the bottom cold water further downstream and maintained the bottom water temperature cooler. Variations of weather conditions (e.g., drops of air temperature and solar radiation) directly controled variations of bottom-layer water temperature. The daily drop rate of bottom temperature was related to the rate and duration of air temperature drop. Under the practice for the water turbines running at downstream, it clearly showed the shocking withdrawal and stopping effect from the downstream operation. The velocity for the whole cross-section were almost increased with same magnitude of about 0.1 m/s at GOUS and JML.

scholarly journals Financial Analysis of the Use of Two Horizontal Drain Water Heat Recovery Units

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Pochwat ◽  
Sabina Kordana-Obuch ◽  
Mariusz Starzec ◽  
Beata Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Cold Water Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The growing interest in the use of unconventional energy sources is a stimulus for the development of dedicated devices and technologies. Drain water heat recovery (DWHR) units can be an example of such devices. They allow the recovery of part of the heat energy deposited in grey water. This paper describes the results of research on the assessment of the financial profitability of the use of two horizontal heat exchanger solutions, taking into account the actual distribution of cold water temperature during the operating year in the plumbing and two operating regimes of the premises as the residential and service facilities. The analysis showed that the use of a horizontal heat exchanger with increased efficiency in a dwelling in a 15-year life cycle allowed for achieving more than twice as much savings (reaching up to EUR 1427) compared to a classic horizontal heat exchanger. At the same time, it was shown that the installation of this type of equipment was more profitable the greater the water consumption of the premises. The article also notes the impact of cold water temperature in the installation on the results of the analysis. It was featured that taking temperature on the basis of installation design recommendations led to significant distortions in the financial analysis. On the other hand, comparing the method of averaging the cold water temperature (daily, monthly and yearly), it was determined that averaging the temperature over the annual cycle was an acceptable simplification of the model. The research results presented in the paper have a practical aspect and may constitute guidelines for designers and potential investors. In addition, they can be an incentive to continue research on heat exchangers by other scientific centers, which on a global scale will increase the universality of their use.

scholarly journals Heating Impact of a Tropical Reservoir on Downstream Water Temperature: A Case Study of the Jinghong Dam on the Lancang River

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Fushan Wang ◽  
Guangheng Ni
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

Reservoirs change downstream thermal regimes by releasing water of different temperatures to that under natural conditions, which may then alter downstream biodiversity and ecological processes. The hydropower exploitation in the mainstream Lancang-Mekong River has triggered concern for its potential effects on downstream countries, especially the impact of the released cold water on local fishery production. However, it was observed recently that the annual water temperature downstream of the Jinghong Reservoir (near the Chinese border) has increased by 3.0 °C compared to its historical average (1997–2004). In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) model of the Jinghong Reservoir was established to simulate its hydro- and thermodynamics. Results show that: (1) the impoundment of the Jinghong Reservoir contributed about 1.3 °C to the increment of the water temperature; (2) the solar radiation played a much more important role in comparison with atmosphere-water heat exchange in changing water temperatures; and (3) the outflow rate also imposed a significant influence on the water temperature by regulating the residence time. After impoundment, the residence time increased from 3 days to 11 days, which means that the duration that the water body can absorb solar radiation has been prolonged. The results explain the heating mechanism of the Jinghong Reservoir brought to downstream water temperatures.

Modelling the impact and potential mitigation of cold water pollution on Murray cod populations downstream of Hume Dam, Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford Sherman ◽  
Charles R. Todd ◽  
John D. Koehn ◽  
Tom Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Murray Cod ◽  
The Impact

Superficial shell insulation in resting and exercising men in cold water

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1557-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Veicsteinas ◽  
G. Ferretti ◽  
D. W. Rennie
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Thermal Resistivity ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Body Regions

From measurements of subcutaneous fat temperature (Tsf) at known depths below the surface, skin surface temperature (Tsk), and direct skin heat flux (H), the superficial shell isulation (Iss) of the thigh (fat + skin) was calculated as Iss (degrees C.m2.w-1) = (Tsf - Tsk)/H in nine male subjects immersed head out in a well-stirred water bath. Also, at critical water temperature (CWT = 28–33 degrees C), eight of the subjects rested for 3 h, enabling overall maximal tissue insulation (It,max) to be calculated as It,max (degrees C.m2.W-1) = (Tre - Tw)/(0.92 M +/- delta S), where Tre is rectal temperature, Tw is water temperature, M is metabolic rate, and s is loss or gain of body heat. Five subjects performed up to 2 h of mild leg cycling, preceded and followed by 60 min of rest, and both thigh Iss and overall It were measured during exercise. Iss increased from minimal values in Tw greater than 33 degrees C to maximal values (Iss,max) at CWT or below. Iss,max was linearly related to tissue thickness (d) in millimeters of fat plus skin, Iss,max (degrees C.m2.W-1) = 0.0048d-0.0052; r = 0.95, n = 37, and was not influenced by leg exercise up to a metabolic rate of 150 W.m-2 in CWT despite large increases in Tsf and H and large decreases in overall It. The slope of Iss,max vs. depth, 0.0048 degrees C.m2.W-1.mm-1, is almost identical to thermal resistivity of fat in vitro, suggesting that the superficial shell is unperfused in CWT at rest or during mild exercise. When maximal superficial shell insulation (It,ss,max) for the whole body was calculated with allowance for differing fat thicknesses and surface areas of body regions, it could account for only 10–15% of overall It,max at rest and 35–40% of overall It in mild exercise. We suggest that the poorly perfused muscle shell plays a more important role as a defense against cooling at CWT than does the superficial shell (fat + skin), particularly at rest.

scholarly journals Lagged recovery of fish spatial distributions following a cold-water perturbation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Robertson ◽  
J. Gao ◽  
P. M. Regular ◽  
M. J. Morgan ◽  
F. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Spatiotemporal Model ◽  
Yellowtail Flounder

AbstractAnomalous local temperature and extreme events (e.g. heat-waves) can cause rapid change and gradual recovery of local environmental conditions. However, few studies have tested whether species distribution can recover following returning environmental conditions. Here, we tested for change and recovery of the spatial distributions of two flatfish populations, American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) and yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea), in response to consecutive decreasing and increasing water temperature on the Grand Bank off Newfoundland, Canada from 1985 to 2018. Using a Vector Autoregressive Spatiotemporal model, we found the distributions of both species shifted southwards following a period when anomalous cold water covered the northern sections of the Grand Bank. After accounting for density-dependent effects, we observed that yellowtail flounder re-distributed northwards when water temperature returned and exceeded levels recorded before the cold period, while the spatial distribution of American plaice has not recovered. Our study demonstrates nonlinear effects of an environmental factor on species distribution, implying the possibility of irreversible (or hard-to-reverse) changes of species distribution following a rapid change and gradual recovery of environmental conditions.

Jam processing: Effect of pectin replacement by locust bean gum on its characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aida Mekhoukhe ◽  
Nacer Mohellebi ◽  
Tayeb Mohellebi ◽  
Leila Deflaoui-Abdelfettah ◽  
Sonia Medouni-Adrar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Locust Bean Gum ◽  
Locust Bean ◽  
Preference Map ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: the present work proposed to extract Locust Bean Gum (LBG) from Algerian carob fruits, evaluate physicochemical and rheological properties (solubility). It aimed also to develop different formulations of strawberry jams with a mixture of LBG and pectin in order to obtain a product with a high sensory acceptance. METHODS: the physicochemical characteristics of LBG were assessed. The impact of temperature on solubility was also studied. The physical and the sensory profile and acceptance of five Jams were evaluated. RESULTS: composition results revealed that LBG presented a high level of carbohydrate but low concentrations of fat and ash. The LBG was partially cold-water-soluble (∼62% at 25°C) and needed heating to reach a higher solubility value (∼89% at 80 °C). Overall, the sensorial acceptances decreased in jams J3 which was formulated with 100% pectin and commercial one (J5). The external preference map explained that most consumers were located to the right side of the map providing evidence that most samples appreciated were J4 and J2 (rate of 80–100%). CONCLUSION: In this investigation, the LBG was used successfully in the strawberry jam’s formulation.

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