scholarly journals Behavioral Inference of Diving Metabolic Rate in Free‐Ranging Leatherback Turtles

2007 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey J. A. Bradshaw ◽  
Clive R. McMahon ◽  
Graeme C. Hays
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Leatherback Turtles ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Behavioral Inference

scholarly journals Validating accelerometry-derived proxies of energy expenditure using the doubly-labelled water method in the smallest penguin species

Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. bio.055475
Author(s):  
G. J. Sutton ◽  
J. A. Botha ◽  
J. R. Speakman ◽  
J. P. Y. Arnould
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Specific Energy Expenditure ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding energy use is central to understanding an animal's physiological and behavioural ecology. However, directly measuring energy expenditure in free-ranging animals is inherently difficult. The doubly-labelled water (DLW) method is widely used to investigate energy expenditure in a range of taxa. Although reliable, DLW data collection and analysis is both financially costly and time consuming. Dynamic body acceleration (e.g. VeDBA) calculated from animal-borne accelerometers has been used to determine behavioural patterns, and is increasingly being used as a proxy for energy expenditure. Still its performance as a proxy for energy expenditure in free-ranging animals is not well established and requires validation against established methods. In the present study, the relationship between VeDBA and the at-sea metabolic rate calculated from DLW was investigated in little penguins (Eudyptula minor) using three approaches. Both in a simple correlation and activity-specific approaches were shown to be good predictors of at-sea metabolic rate. The third approach using activity-specific energy expenditure values obtained from literature did not accurately calculate the energy expended by individuals. However, all three approaches were significantly strengthened by the addition of mean horizontal travel speed. These results provide validation for the use of accelerometry as a proxy for energy expenditure and show how energy expenditure may be influenced by both individual behaviour and environmental conditions.

The cold shoulder: free-ranging snowshoe hares maintain a low cost of living in cold climates

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 956-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Sheriff ◽  
J. R. Speakman ◽  
L. Kuchel ◽  
S. Boutin ◽  
M. M. Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Relationship

The hypothesis that cold air temperatures (Ta) constrain the metabolic diversity of high-latitude endotherms is based on the observation among birds and mammals that mean field metabolic rate (FMR) increases, whereas the variability of FMR decreases, from the warm tropics to the cold poles. However, there is a paucity of FMR measurements from above 60° latitude and below 0 °C. We measured the daily energy expenditure of a high-latitude population of free-ranging snowshoe hares ( Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777) in Yukon, Canada, in winter (Ta-mean = –16.4 °C) and in autumn (Ta-mean = 0.5 °C). Doubly labelled water measures of FMR were approximately 20% lower in winter than in autumn, and were a similar, low multiple of resting metabolic rate in both seasons (2.04 and 1.94, respectively). The mass-corrected FMR of snowshoe hares in winter was only half the value predicted by extrapolating the relationship between FMR and Ta > 0 to –16.4 °C. These results contribute to an emerging pattern of a reversal in the relationship between FMR and Ta in free-ranging mammals from negative above 0 °C to positive below 0 °C. We refer to the positive, low Ta portion of this relationship as the cold shoulder, and suggest that it may reflect the general necessity for free-ranging mammals to use behavioural and (or) physiological means to conserve energy during long winters when cold conditions coincide with resource scarcity.

Flight Energetics of Free-Living Sooty Terns

The Auk ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth N. Flint ◽  
Kenneth A. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Flight Energetics ◽  
Flight Metabolism ◽  
Sooty Tern ◽  
Free Ranging

Abstract The CO2 production of free-ranging Sooty Terns (Sterna fuscata) was measured using doubly labeled water (HTO-18). Metabolic rate during flight was determined to be 4.8 times standard metabolic rate (SMR). This value is much lower than estimates of flight metabolism predicted from previously published equations. Observations of these birds at sea indicate that flapping flight predominated at the windspeeds (0-5 m/s) that prevailed during our measurement periods, so factors other than gliding must account for the comparatively low flight metabolism we measured. Sooty Tern flight metabolism is similar to that of some other birds, such as swallows and swifts, that also have high aspect ratios and low wing loadings.

Water and energy balance of the thorny devil Moloch horridus: is the devil a sloth?

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Bradshaw ◽  
P.C. Withers
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Turnover ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Devil ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractRates of turnover of water, energy and sodium were measured for free-ranging thorny devils (Moloch horridus), which are myrmecophagous agamid lizards, in a semi-arid Western Australian habitat. There were significant differences in body water content and water turnover rate (WTR) measurements for cool, wet, average and hot periods, although the field metabolic rate (FMR) and sodium turnover (NaTR) rate did not differ significantly between weather conditions. The thorny devil had a substantially lower field WTR during dry periods (10-15 ml kg-1 d-1) than expected for semi-arid and arid lizards, although the WTR was higher in wet conditions (30-35 ml kg-1 d-1). The field metabolic rate of thorny devils (0.134 ml CO2 g-1 h-1) was only slightly less than that expected for a semi-arid/lizard (0.178 ml CO2 g-1 h-1), despite the apparently slothful nature of the thorny devil. The sodium turnover rate of the thorny devil (1.5-2.5 mmol kg-1 d-1) was within the range reported for other semi-arid/arid lizards. The field metabolic rate of the thorny devils suggests that they consume about 750 ants per day. The ratio of water to energy turnover measured for thorny devils in the field (0.11 ml H2O kj-1) was the same as that predicted from the composition of ants and their digestibility by thorny devils (0.11 ml H2O kj-1). However, the ratios of sodium-to-energy turnover (30 μmol Na+ kj-1) and sodium-to-water turnover (277 μmol ml H2O-1) were substantially higher than expected ratios (10 and 89 respectively).

Field Metabolic-Rate and Food Requirement of a Small Dasyurid Marsupial, Sminthopsis-Crassicaudata

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Nagy ◽  
AK Lee ◽  
RW Martin ◽  
MR Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Sminthopsis Crassicaudata ◽  
Food Requirement ◽  
Field Metabolic Rates ◽  
Free Ranging

Field metabolic rates (FMRs) and rates of water flux in free-ranging fat-tailed dunnarts, Sminthopsis crassicaudata, were measured during spring (late October) using doubly labelled water. Feeding rates were estimated on the basis of water and energy fluxes. FMRs averaged 68.7 kJ d-' in adults (mean body mass= 16.6 g), and were 29.2 kJ d-' in juveniles (6.1 g). These FMRs are 6.6 times basal metabolic rate (BMR), and are much higher than the hypothetical maxima of four to five times BMR. Other dasyurid marsupials also have high FMR/BMR ratios, but so does a small petaurid marsupial. S. crassicaudata consumed 80-90% of its body mass in arthropods each day. The diet of arthropods apparently provided enough water for the animals to maintain water balance without drinking during this study.

Cardiac output as a predictor of metabolic rate in cod gadus morhua

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (19) ◽  
pp. 2779-2789 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Webber ◽  
RG Boutilier ◽  
SR Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fisheries Biology

Adult Atlantic cod (2 kg Gadus morhua) were fitted with Doppler ultrasonic flow-probes to measure ventral aortic outflow (i.e. cardiac output). The probes remained patent for upwards of 3 months, during which time detailed relationships between cardiac output (), heart rate (fh) and rate of oxygen consumption (O2) were determined as a function of swimming speed and temperature (5 degreesC and 10 degreesC). The rate of oxygen consumption increased linearly with and exponentially with swimming speed. A very good correlation was observed between O2 and (r2=0.86) compared with the correlation between O2 and fh (r2=0.50 for all 10 degreesC data and r2=0.86 for all 5 degreesC data). However, the O2 versus fh correlation gradually improved over approximately 1 week after surgery (r2=0.86). The relationship between O2 and was independent of temperature, while the relationship between O2 and fh changed with temperature. Hence, calculating O2 from is simpler and does not require that temperature be recorded simultaneously. Variations in cardiac output were determined more by changes in stroke volume (Vs) than by fh; therefore, fh was a less reliable predictor of metabolic rate than was . Given that can be used to estimate O2 so faithfully, the advent of a cardiac output telemeter would enable robust estimates to be made of the activity metabolism of free-ranging fish in nature, thereby strengthening one of the weakest links in the bioenergetic models of fisheries biology.

Metabolic and hormonal correlates of molting and regeneration of pelage in Alaskan harbor and spotted seals (Phoca vitulina and Phoca largha)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1086-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Ashwell-Erickson ◽  
Francis H. Fay ◽  
Robert Elsner ◽  
Douglas Wartzok
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Phoca Largha ◽  
The Face ◽  
Main Period ◽  
Free Ranging

Cellular, hormonal, and metabolic changes during annual molts and regeneration of the pelage were studied in two harbor and five spotted seals of different ages. Seals were maintained in an appropriate photoperiod and monitored biweekly to monthly by measuring their serum cortisol, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine and their standardized resting metabolic rate. Concurrently, external signs of their molt (shedding of hair) were recorded, and samples of skin were collected from the midback for histological determination of the duration of the regenerative phase of the pelage cycle. Timing of the molts coincided with those of free-ranging seals in the natural environment. The overall duration of the period of shedding and regeneration, from first descent of the hair bulbs on the face and flippers to full emergence of new hair on the back, was estimated as 120–170 days. During the period of descent of the hair bulbs and initial growth of new hair on the back, the resting metabolic rate declined an average of 18.6% below premolt values, generally reaching its minimum when shedding of the old hair and rapid growth of new hair began. Serum Cortisol generally reached a maximum just before or during the main shedding of hair from the torso, then decreased abruptly to its premolt level or lower during the main period of rapid growth of new hair. Although corticosteroids appear to inhibit protein anabolism, they favor fat catabolism and may in this way help to maintain the slow growth of new hair before and during the first part of the molt. Serum concentrations of thyroid hormones declined to minima early in the molt, then increased to maxima toward the end, when growth of new hair was most rapid.

Aquatic thermoregulation of captive and free-ranging beavers (Castor canadensis)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2409-2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. MacArthur ◽  
Alvin P. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Abdominal cooling occurred in 91% of all aquatic excursions documented in free-ranging beavers during fall and winter. Kits aged 4–7 months cooled faster and spent less time foraging in 1–12 °C water than did animals > 1 year old. All beavers tested in the laboratory displayed abdominal cooling in 2–20 °C water, with maximal cooling rates recorded in a 5- to 7-week-old kit. Immersion in cold water induced strong peripheral cooling, though skin temperatures beneath the pelage remained within 4–5 °C of abdominal measurements. The resting metabolic rate of beavers > 1 year old was independent of water temperature between 19 and 31 °C, but increased proportionately at lower temperatures. Whole-body conductance of resting animals was on average 1.6–3.0 times higher in water than in air. Maximum testing metabolic rates in water varied from 1.8 to 2.4 times the mean resting thermoneutral rate in air. Our results suggest that beavers mitigate the thermogenic effort required in water by adopting a thermoregulatory strategy which combines avoidance of prolonged immersion with a tolerance to passive cooling.

scholarly journals Metabolic rate and plasma T3 in ad lib. fed and starved muskoxen

Rangifer ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Nilssen ◽  
S.D. Mathiesen ◽  
A.S. Blix
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Free Ranging

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) in two 12 yrs., semidomesticated, female muskoxen was 0.86 ± 0.10 W • kg-1 in winter, and 1.74 ± 0.27 W • kg-1 in summer, (p<0.001). After 6 days of starvation RMR was down to 0.62 + 0.07 W • kg-1 and 0.77 ± 0.03 W • kg-1 (p<0.001) in winter and summer, respectively. RMR during starvation in winter was 19% below predicted RMR for animals of equal body mass. Standing RMR was significantly higher (p<0.01) than lying RMR. Winter plasma levels of T3 in both animals were 1-1 nmol • l-1 when food was freely available, and 1.4 nmol • l-1 after 6 days of starvation. Plasma concentration of T3 in another 8 free ranging semi-domesticated, female muskoxen aged 12 yrs. in March was 0.64 ± 0.20 nmol • l-1. Corrseponding value in August was 1.00 ± 0.10 nmol • l-1, being significantly higher (p<0.01) than the winter value.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document